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A molecular docking study on anticariogenic properties of theaflavins against Streptococcus mutans
Get PDFEarly childhood caries (ECC) is an aggressive manifestation of dental decay, linked to high levels of Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque. In Malaysia, over 70% of children suffer from ECC, leading to premature tooth loss, malnutrition, and reduced quality of life. Common dental-care ingredients like triclosan and triclocarban pose health risks, necessitating safer alternatives. Theaflavins, bioactive compounds in black tea, show potential as natural antimicrobial agents. However, the precise molecular interactions of theaflavins with key virulence-associated proteins of S. mutans remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial mechanisms of theaflavins against S. mutans using in-silico methods. PyRx was used to evaluate the binding affinities of four selected compounds, theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF2A), theaflavin-3ʹ-gallate (TF2B), and theaflavin-3,3ʹ-digallate (TF3), against seven S. mutans proteins (PDB 4TQX: Sortase A, PDB 6CAM: Glucan binding protein, PDB 3QE5: Cell surface protein, PDB 3VX4: Quorum sensing, PDB 3AIC: Glucosyltransferase, PDB 2W3Z: Immune evasion, PDB 3CZC: Carbohydrate uptake). All the ligands were prepared and optimised using Avogadro-1.2 prior to the molecular docking. BIOVIA Discovery visualizer was used to observe the protein-ligand interactions. Findings indicated that theaflavins exhibit significant binding affinities to various S. mutans proteins. Among all tested compounds, TF3 demonstrated the strongest binding affinities and favourable hydrogen bonding, particularly against glucan binding protein and glucosyltransferase. These results suggest that TF3 may serve as a promising lead compound for developing natural anti-caries therapeutics targeting S. mutans virulence mechanisms
The effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Afghanistan: an empirical insight
Get PDFPurpose – This paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the economic growth of Afghanistan over the period 1990 to 2019.
Design/methodology/approach – This study uses an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to measure FDI’s impact on economic growth and determine the short- vs long-run relationship.
Findings – The results show that the F-bound cointegration test confirms the long-run relationship among the variables. The long-run and short-run results reveal that foreign direct investment has a significant negative impact on economic growth in the long run. However, domestic investment and labour force have a significant and positive impact on economic growth in the long run. Moreover, the impact of trade openness on economic growth is insignificant in the long run, while it has a significant negative impact in the short run.
Originality/value – In this study, we contribute to this research area by analysing the function of FDI in economic growth from Afghanistan’s experience and perspectives. This is the first study empirically examining this relationship in Afghanistan while considering other selected macroeconomic indicators. This paper could greatly benefit policymakers in Afghanistan by guiding the formulation of FDI policies that would spur its economic growth and developmen
الأسس الفقهية والثوابت الشرعية في فتاوى الإمام القرضاوي المتعلقة بالقضية الفلسطينية = The jurisprudential foundations and Shari`ah constants in Imam al-Qaradawi’s fatāwā related to the Palestinian issue
No full textتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان الأسس الفقهية العامة التي تُشكِّل المنطَلَق للفهم والإفتاء في قضية فلسطين والمسجد الأقصى المبارك، كما أنها تُعَبِّر عنْ مجموعة مِن الثوابت الشرعية التي لا يمكن تجاوزها مِن قِبَل أي شخص أو جهة تتصدر للفتوى في هذه القضية المحورية. إنّ كثرة الفتاوى والآراء الصادرة عن فئات مختلفة من العلماء والباحثين والدعاة التابعين لمذاهب متعددة، ومشارب متنوعة، فيما يخص القضية الفلسطينية مِن أحكام شرعية؛ يؤدي إلى خلط في المفاهيم، وتناقض في الفتاوى، واختلاف في الأحكام، منشؤه عدم استناد أصحاب هذه الآراء والفتاوى إلى أسس فقهية صلبة، وثوابت شرعية راسخة تحكم الاجتهاد، وتوجه الفكر، وتضبط الرأي عند الحديث عما يتعلق بهذه القضية من أحكام، الأمر الذي أحوج إلى إيجاد نموذج منضبط بالأصول مِن العلماء الراسخين العاملين المحيطين بكافة جوانب هذه القضية لدراسة فكره الفقهي فيها، بحيث تعتبر آراؤه منطلقًا يمكن أن يَستند إليه كل متصدر للفتوى في هذه القضية. وعليه فسيقوم الباحثون باستقراء ما وصلت إليه أيديهم مما خطه القرضاوي بيده، أو قاله بلسانه، لتجتمع عندهم مادة هذا البحث العلمية، ثم يعمدون إلى تحليلها وتفكيك أجزائها من خلال المنهج التحليلي، ولن تكتمل الصورة إلّا بإعادة تركيب عناصرها، وتجميع مفرداتها؛ ليَصِلوا من خلال ذلك كله إلى رسم صورة متكاملة الأجزاء، واضحة المعالم حول الأسس والثوابت التي يجب أن تكون حاضرة عند كل من يتصدر للفتوى في هذه القضية. وعليه فقد توصلت هذه الدراسة إلى أنّه لا بُدّ أولًا مِن بناء الفكر وتأصيل الوعي بهذه القضية، كما أن فلسطين أرض عربية إسلامية لا حق لليهود فيها أبدًا، وأن الاحتلال الصهيوني لهذه الأرض هو سبب الصراع وأصل المعركة، كما أكدت هذه الدراسة على إسلامية القضية الفلسطينية، فطابعها ديني، وهي جزء من العقيدة، ومتعلقة بجميع المسلمين، ويترتب عليها أحكامًا شرعية، كوجوب الجهاد، وحرمة الهجرة منها، وكذلك تحريم زيارتها في ظل الاحتلال، وأنه يحرم السلام مع إسرائيل أو تطبيع العلاقات معها، وأن التنازل عن القدس أو عن أي ذرة تراب منها، أو حتى قبول التعويض يعتبر خيانة لله ولرسوله وللمؤمنين، والواجب مقاطعة الاحتلال بكافة أشكال المقاطعة وأنواعها، ويحرم التعاون مع الأعداء بأي شكل مِن الأشكال، وأخيرًا فإن الحل لهذه القضية لا يكون إلّا بالرجوع إلى الإسلام وتعاليمه، والتزام أحكامه وما يترتب عليها من واجبات تجاه هذه القضية.
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This study seeks to articulate the overarching juristic principles that underpin the understanding and issuance of legal opinions (fatwas) regarding the Palestinian question and the status of al-Aqsa Mosque. It also identifies a set of non-negotiable Shariah constants that must be observed by any authority addressing this highly sensitive matter.
The proliferation of fatwas and opinions issued by scholars, researchers, and preachers from various schools and intellectual orientations has often resulted in conceptual confusion, conflicting verdicts, and divergent legal judgments. Such discrepancies largely stem from the absence of a solid juristic foundation and well-established Shariah parameters to regulate ijtihad, discipline legal reasoning, and guide scholarly discourse on this issue.
To address this gap, the study turns to the juristic thought of Shaykh Yusuf al-Qaradawi, a scholar widely recognized for his profound engagement with the Palestinian cause. By collecting his written works and recorded statements, the researchers employ an analytical methodology to deconstruct, examine, and then reconstruct his arguments in order to present a coherent framework. This framework provides a structured reference for scholars and jurists undertaking the task of issuing fatwas on the matter.
The findings highlight several key conclusions: foremost, that sound awareness and principled intellectual grounding are prerequisites for any engagement with the Palestinian issue. The study affirms that Palestine is an Arab and Islamic land to which Jews hold no legitimate claim, and that Zionist occupation remains the root cause of the conflict. It emphasizes the religious character of the Palestinian cause as an integral part of Islamic faith, carrying significant legal implications—such as the obligation of jihad, the prohibition of migration from its lands, the impermissibility of visiting it under occupation, and the unlawfulness of peace treaties or normalization with Israel. Any concession of Jerusalem, or of even a fraction of its land, whether through negotiation or compensation, is considered an act of betrayal against Allah, His Messenger, and the believers. The study further underlines the duty to boycott the occupier in all forms and the prohibition of collaboration with adversaries. Ultimately, it concludes that a just resolution to this issue can only be achieved through adherence to Islam, its principles, and the obligations it enjoins concerning Palestine
Unveiling the putative porcine myosin-based peptide markers for nonhalal meat through chemometrics-assisted MRM-based proteomics
Get PDFHandling massive proteomics datasets poses challenges due to assessing dataset quality and dealing with multiple dimensions of the dataset when establishing putative peptide markers. Therefore, this study aims to confirm putative porcine peptide markers for precision halal proteomics through chemometrics-assisted MRM-based proteomics. Chemometric data mining was employed to access the dispersion characteristics and normality of 509 commercial processed meat samples (beef, chicken, fish, and pork). All the samples displayed normal distributions and showed significant differences in the median. By employing chemometric principal component analysis, two significant dimensions were identified to select the putative porcine peptide markers. Out of 1204 identified peptides, two putative porcine peptide markers were critically selected: P25 and P68, derived from myosin-1. MRM acquisition was developed to verify the P25 and P68 for precision halal proteomics. Notably, only the MRM chromatogram of P68 showed a modified peptide peak. Nonetheless, the process of confirming putative porcine peptide markers from massive proteomics datasets is robust and reliable through chemometrics-assisted MRM-based proteomics for halal authentication in the context of meat speciation. It is recommended utilizing P25 as the peptide marker due to its purity and unmatched sequence with bovine, chicken, and fish based on the UniProtKB searc
Detecting red blood cell morphology changes in iron deficiency by deep learning artificial intelligence
No full textIron Deficiency has a high prevalence globally including Malaysia. In uncomplicated patients, serum ferritin and red cell parameters are sufficient for diagnosis. However, ferritin is an acute-phase protein that becomes elevated in response to inflammation, complicating the diagnosis in the presence of coexisting chronic diseases. Many studies on image processing provide the opportunity to develop an artificial intelligence model for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). However, most of them onlyfocus on a single smear image which is not sufficient to make a conclusive clinical report on the diagnosis of IDA. Therefore, a new approach using whole smear slide imagesto perform pathological classification is more appropriate to assist in the diagnosis of IDA in the presence of coexisting thalassaemia and chronic kidney disease. This study aims to develop a deep learning model to detect red blood cell (RBC) morphological changes due to iron deficiency. Three study groups (Iron deficiency anaemia, Anaemia due to Thalassemia trait and Anaemia of chronic disease (CKD) ) are defined by Malaysia Clinical Practice Guidelines. The data was collected from Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre records from 2017 to 2022. Images of peripheral blood smears were analysed using a slide scanner. Pathological red blood cells were manually selected as samples. 80% of the sample is used to train a deep learning (DL) model and the remaining 20%is used to test the DL model. model. The deep learning model was able to detect RBC morphology changes due to IDA with 92% sensitivity and 94% specificity in the presence of coexisting pathologies
Exploring the potential and limitations of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in improving decision-making processes in various industries
No full textThe study assesses the application of AI and ML in decision-making across four sectors: healthcare, banking,
manufacturing, and retail. To measure the utilization in actual situations, the form of a mixed method unites
expert interviews and questionnaires with simulated case studies. AI and ML serve to improve the accuracy of
predictions, automate routine tasks, and customize processes. But there are issues with providing assurance
information is unbiased and with model transparency and ethics concerns. Towards this end, the study
advocates for implementing industry-specific regulations and human-machine collaboration in realizing
optimal benefits optimally in a fair manner while limiting associated risks. Thus, the analysis' top priority is
still in adopting responsible and ethical approaches under each sector's framework.
For this research, the outcome emphasizes the ways in which AI and ML continuously increase predictive
precision, enable predictive maintenance, enable drudgery to be made rational in routine, and drive customer
experience customization. That is, there remain some challenges: data bias, model building ambiguity, actual
or perceived ethical issues confusing AI, or assumed over-reliance on computer software designed to shatter
some form of human oversight. The present study presents new avenues of operational transparency, data
integrity, and human-machine interface to facilitate co-working for best utilization of fullest potential of such
technologies. It also posits that these strategies must be custom and agile to each sector based on its technology
maturity level, regulatory conditions, or situations. In a way, this study validates profit-generating applications
of AI-ML decision-making and yet expresses its concern for ethical, responsible, and inclusive ways of doing
so that ultimately push some of the risks to human well-being and accumulate the behemoth potential of
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Inverse estimation of thermal conductivity parameters in nonlinear steady heat conduction problems = Anggaran songsang parameter konduktiviti terma dalam masalah pengalihan haba tetap tak linear
Get PDFThe precise determination of the thermal conductivity is crucial for material characterization in engineering applications. However, the accurate identification of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity poses a significant challenge. This article proposed an adjoint-based inverse method to identify the thermal conductivity in the context of nonlinear steady heat conduction scenarios. The simulated temperature associated with the nonlinear steady heat conduction problem was quantified by employing the finite element method. The inverse retrieval of the thermal conductivity parameters was performed utilizing the adjoint method. Numerical examples were presented and analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to identify the thermal conductivity parameters. For both numerical examples, three parameters of thermal conductivity were recovered utilizing temperature distribution with around 30 iterations and remarkably low objective function values. These results demonstrated the validity of the proposed method even in cases when the initial guess was far away from the target parameter value. The findings demonstrated the potential of the adjoint method in effectively determining the thermophysical parameters by solving the inverse heat conduction problems.
***** Penentuan yang tepat bagi konduktiviti terma adalah sangat penting untuk pencirian bahan dalam aplikasi kejuruteraan. Namun, mengenal pasti konduktiviti terma yang bergantung kepada suhu merupakan satu cabaran besar. Artikel ini mencadangkan kaedah songsang berasaskan adjoint untuk mengenal pasti konduktiviti terma dalam senario pengaliran haba mantap nonlinier. Suhu simulatif yang berkaitan dengan masalah tersebut diukur menggunakan kaedah elemen terhingga. Pengambilan terbalik parameter konduktiviti terma dilakukan dengan ketepatan dan kepresisian yang tinggi melalui kaedah adjoint, yang terkenal dengan ketepatan dan penumpuan yang cepat. Contoh numerik dibentangkan dan dianalisis untuk menunjukkan keberkesanan pendekatan yang dicadangkan dalam pengenalan parameter konduktiviti terma. Hasil kajian ini membuktikan kesahihan kaedah yang dicadangkan walaupun tekaan awal jauh dari nilai parameter sasaran. Penemuan ini menunjukkan potensi kaedah adjoint dalam menentukan parameter termofizik dengan berkesan melalui penyelesaian masalah pengaliran haba songsang
Unintended supplications in Prophetic Hadith: a linguistic and Shariah analysis
Get PDFThe Prophetic Hadiths encompass a variety of expressions classified as supplications, yet they are not intended as prayers in their meaning and significance. These expressions belong to the linguistic traditions of the Arabs, forming part of their rhetorical and verbal styles that distinguished them from other nations. This research focuses on studying these eloquent Arabic styles as the Prophet articulated them, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, by examining their nature and connotations. It aims to clarify their true meaning and intent, explore the reasons for their usage, and analyse the variations in their meanings based on the contexts in which they appear. A precise linguistic analysis of these expressions will adhere to linguistic principles and rules. Furthermore, the study will examine scholars’ interpretations of these expressions, linking and comparing them with their Shariah significance. This includes determining the meanings these expressions conveyed within the framework of Islamic law and exploring the relationship between their linguistic and Shariah connotations. The key objectives of this research include clarifying certain linguistic styles that appear to contradict their literal meanings to highlight their deep-rooted Arabic origins. Establishing a connection between these linguistic origins and their Shariah implications demonstrates how they acquired legal and contextual meanings during the Islamic era. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach by linking the linguistic origins of unintended supplications with their Shariah meanings and analysing their interconnections. The research is expected to yield significant findings, primarily proving the importance of linking linguistic meanings with the technical contextual meanings in Shariah to accurately determine the true implications of Prophetic texts
Effect of entrance insulated inner absorber on EGATC thermal performance – experimental approach
Get PDFThis study presented the experimental results of using insulated inner absorbers to enhance the thermal performance of the Evacuated Glass Thermal-Absorber Tube Collector (EGATC). The inner absorber of EGATC was insulated with exterior thermal insulation paint. The length of the insulation varied at 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, and 50 cm from the tip of the inner absorber. The thermal performance of the EGATC improved when the insulated inner absorber was utilized compared to instances without insulation. The optimal insulation length for enhancing EGATC’s thermal performance was found to be 35 cm from the projection. A follow-up experiment used the 35 cm insulation length to observe its thermal performance patterns. The 30 cm and 35 cm insulation lengths exhibited similar outlet temperatures during charging, confirming that 35 cm was the optimal length for insulating the inner absorbe