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Blue Sukuk: Islamic finance instrument to promote blue economy
No full textThis chapter examines the application of blue Sukuk as a Shariah-compliant financial instrument designed to promote the blue economy. Blue Sukuk offers an opportunity for global investors to fund projects focused on marine biodiversity preservation, renewable ocean energy, and sustainable fisheries. The chapter also sheds a critical light on the prospect of blue Sukuk in advancing SDGs, and identifies several key Shariah-compliant contracts and principles that can be employed in the structuring of blue Sukuk. The chapter concludes with a set of recommendations to enhance the adoption of blue Sukuk through robust regulatory frameworks, risk-sharing mechanisms, and greater market transparency
The enduring enigma of spinal tuberculosis in modern diagnostic era and the critical role of magnetic resonance imaging
No full textOutcomes of silver-modified atraumatic restorative technique (SMART) in carious primary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical studies
No full textBackground: This systematic review evaluated the outcomes of Silver Modified Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (SMART) in managing carious primary teeth. Methods: Following the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search of ten databases identified randomised clinical studies published in English from January 2010 to May 2025. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were independently conducted, with the risk of bias assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) tool and evidence levels determined via the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) tool. Data analysis included single- and two-arm meta-analyses, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and evaluation of publication bias. Results: Nine studies published between 2022 and 2025 were included, with eight used for meta-analysis. Most of the included primary studies originated from Egypt (n = 6) and India (n = 3). Weighted mean success rates for SMART were 94.9% (Confidence Interval (CI): (90.7, 99.1)), 82.0% (CI: (71.0, 93.0)), and 69.5% (CI: (52.4, 86.6)) at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. Funnel plots indicated slight asymmetry at 3 and 12 months, while the 6-month plot appeared relatively symmetrical. A two-arm meta-analysis found SMART achieved success rates comparable to Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) at 6- and 12-month follow-ups (p > 0.05), with no significant data heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis revealed higher success rates when marginal adaptation was used as the evaluation criterion compared to pain or mobility (p < 0.05). Meta-regression indicated that sample size did not affect heterogeneity, and Egger’s test showed no publication bias was detected. Conclusions: Findings suggested that SMART appears to be an effective alternative for treating carious primary teeth, but further research is needed to standardise evaluation criteria and confirm long-term efficacy. The PROSPERO Registration: ID: CRD42023480630
July 2024, Osman Hadi and Khaleda Zia
Full text linkIn post-July 2024 Bangladesh, people of the country have two choices. They can remember the selflessness and sacrifice of our July 2024 warriors — who lost their lives and limbs for freedom and justice — and work hard to realise their dreams. Or, they can be ungrateful to them and forgetful of who (within the country and beyond) were responsible for Khaleda Zia’s woes. Even though historical precedence is slanted towards the latter, the unity that the people of Bangladesh demonstrated during the funeral of Osman Hadi and Khaleda Zia gives us hope that they will never open the door for fascism and tyranny to return to Bangladesh again
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in zakat calculation: a comparative study of AI systems
No full textThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Islamic financial practices offers new avenues for enhancing zakat calculation accuracy, efficiency, and jurisprudential compliance. However, the adoption of AI in this domain raises complex questions regarding its alignment with Shariah principles, particularly in distinguishing between fixed rulings (nass) and interpretive jurisprudence (ijtihad). This study investigates whether AI can be leveraged to perform zakat calculations while maintaining doctrinal integrity. Using a qualitative research methodology, the study applies doctrinal analysis to classical Islamic sources and contemporary fatwas, combined with comparative analysis across the four major Sunni madhabs and a practical test of five AI systems: Claude, ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, and Grok. Each AI was evaluated based on its ability to calculate zakat under three different scenarios of increasing complexity: basic cash, mixed portfolios, and modern instruments like cryptocurrency and REITs. The findings indicate that AI systems are capable of handling standard zakat computations with a high degree of accuracy and efficiency, particularly in areas categorized as wasail (procedural means). However, the results also highlight key limitations, including the inability to autonomously handle new asset classifications or apply jurisprudential discretion without prior scholarly input. The study proposes guidelines and parameters to ensure AI implementation respects the immutable aspects of zakat while optimizing ijtihadi areas. These insights are vital for future Shariah-compliant AI developments in Islamic financ
Gold investment behaviour among Muslim generational cohorts
Full text linkPurpose – This study examines how financial attitude, behavior, knowledge, literacy, financial socialization, and subjective norms influence individuals’ intention to invest in gold across Generations X, Y, and Z. Grounded in Islamic Management principles, it positions gold as a Shariah-compliant asset aligned with ethical wealth creation and prudent risk management. This study contributes to Islamic wealth management by exploring how intergenerational dynamics shape ethical investment behavior.
Methodology – A quantitative approach was employed using a structured questionnaire distributed to 360 respondents from three generations in Malaysia, with most participants being residents of Indonesia. The data collected were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)
Findings – The results indicated that the measurement model met the recommended reliability and validity standards. Financial attitude, behavior, and knowledge positively enhance financial literacy, which, along with financial attitudes, financial knowledge, financial socialization, and subjective norms, significantly shape gold investment intention. Generational differences were evident: Gen Z’s intention was strongly driven by financial knowledge and social expectations; Gen Y was influenced mainly by financial attitude; and Gen X relied more on financial socialization and subjective norms. The overall model demonstrated strong predictive and explanatory power.
Implications – This study emphasizes the mediating role of financial literacy and identifies the distinct generational drivers of investment intention. Insights support targeted financial education and tailored strategies to engage each generation, including policy initiatives promoting inclusive gold-based financial instruments.
Originality – This study offers a generationally segmented perspective on the determinants of investment intention, underscoring diverse financial decision-making processes and providing practical guidance for policymakers, educators, and the investment industr
Effects of retinoic acid on liver triglyceride level and diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (DGAT2) gene expression in rats with high-cholesterol diet-induced steatosis
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence is rising globally without effective treatment available. Serum retinoic acid level was found to be low in NAFLD patients. Thus, this study investigated the effects of retinoic acid administration on liver triglyceride levels and Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) gene expression in high-cholesterol diet-induced steatosis rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n=8/group). Groups A and B received a normal diet, while groups C, D, and E were fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD) for four weeks to induce steatosis (Phase 1) and continued with the same diet for the next four weeks (Phase 2). In Phase 2, Group D received vehicle (Olive oil), while Groups B and E received retinoic acid (7.5mg/kg subcutaneously) twice weekly with their respective diet. Liver triglyceride levels were measured using the Bligh and Dyer’s method, and hepatic DGAT2 gene expression was quantified using Real-Time qPCR. Data was analysed using the One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. RESULTS: Retinoic acid-treated groups showed a reduced pattern in liver triglyceride levels, in which Group E level is 3.6±0.88 mg/g compared with Group C 4.12±1.5 mg/g, but statistically insignificant (p>0.05). The DGAT2 expression was significantly reduced in Group E by 0.63-fold (63%) when compared to Group C. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that retinoic acid administration might reduce the liver triglyceride level by down-regulating DGAT2 gene expression. However, further studies are required to confirm retinoic acid as a potential candidate for improving NAFLD
Ibadah haji: tip persediaan gaya hidup dan kesihatan
No full textKuota rasmi kekal 31,600 jemaah untuk musim haji 2026 (1447H) di Malaysia dengan 18% sahaja menangguhkan tawaran, menandakan pemenuhan penuh kuota, dan kos haji Muassasah dikekalkan pada RM33,300 per Jemaah. Maklumat ini merujuk kepada data terkini dari TH dan berita November/Disember 2025 yang dikeluarkan oleh beberapa akhbar tempatan (Raiham, 2025). Turut difahamkan, Tabung Haji telah menerima lebih 84,000 permohonan rayuan mengerjakan ibadat haji. Jika ada rezeki, Jemaah yang merayu bakal mengisi kekosongan kuota yang ditawarkan sekitar 31,600 oleh kerajaan Arab Saudi sekiranya ada penolakan supaya dipenuhi 100 peratus setiap tahun.
Alhamdulillah dan tahniah diucapkan kepada sebahagian para jemaah haji yang bakal berlepas tidak lama lagi. Baki yang tinggal beberapa bulan sahaja lagi ini sebaiknya dirancang dengan baik bagi memastikan kesihatan anda berada di tahap optimum. Rata-rata yang menerima panggilan haji bukanlah individu yang sihat tubuh badan semata-mata. Tetapi, ada antara para jemaah yang menghidapi penyakit kronik tetapi terkawal. Antaranya adalah penyakit hipertensi (darah tinggi), diabetes melitus (kencing manis), kardiovaskular (jantung) dan lain-lain lagi.
Penyakit-penyakit di atas berkait rapat dengan gaya hidup seseorang seperti tabiat pemakanan, aktiviti fizikal dan pengurusan emosi. Oleh itu, jadikan panggilan haji sebagai motivasi diri dan waktu yang tepat untuk membentuk disiplin yang tinggi dalam kalangan para jemaah bagi memastikan kesihatan berada pada tahap optimum.
Bersesuaian dengan hadith yang diperolehi dari Pejabat Mufti Wilayah Persekututan. Diriwayatkan oleh Abu Hurairah RA, bahawa Nabi SAW bersabda:
مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ دَاءً إِلَّا أَنْزَلَ لَهُ شِفَاءً
Maksudnya: “Allah tidak menurunkan sesuatu penyakit melainkan diturunkan bersamanya penawar.” [Riwayat al-Bukhari (5678)]
Penulisan ini akan dibahagikan kepada beberapa komponen tip-tips persediaan gaya hidup dan kesihatan sebelum, semasa dan selepas mengerjakan haji
From monasteries to hospitals: Buddhist and Islamic medical traditions
Full text linkThe historical narratives of Buddhist and Islamic societies extend far beyond mere accounts of political dominion and religious debate; they are fundamentally linked with the quest for healing both the mind and body. From the early monastic medical facilities in India and Sri Lanka to the magnificent hospitals of Abbasid Baghdad and Ottoman Constantinople, healthcare establishments served as vital hubs of education, empathy, and community service. While these traditions are frequently examined separately, they actually demonstrate a complex network of scholarly interaction and common humanitarian principles. Across the ages, Buddhist and Islamic medical practices have evolved along interconnected paths, exhibiting ongoing and productive knowledge exchange. Accordingly, medicine has always served as a bridge across many religious and cultural domains, facilitating contact via the common human experiences of illness and recovery.
The study of the theories, history, and revival of Buddhist and Islamic healing traditions reveals a legacy of compassionate care that contrasts with the impersonal nature of modern healthcare. Medicine is a holistic practice that cares for the body, mind, and spirit, not just a technical field, an approach that remains essential today