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Smart packaging with carotenoids: a breakthrough in food quality and preservation
No full textThe use of intelligent packaging, which can assess the freshness of packed food in real-time and display the packaging film’s colour change based on the condition of the food, has grown in popularity recently. In all fields of life sciences, the trend towards sustainability, enhanced
product safety, and high standards of quality are significant. A cuttingedge technology called intelligent packaging food indicator helps to assure food safety and quality while preventing food contamination. With intelligent packaging, food freshness and quality changes may be tracked in real time. One of the most well-known natural colourants, carotenoids, has drawn a lot of interest due to its good functional qualities and capacity to alter colour in response to pH variations. Biomaterials rich in carotenoid have many biological benefits, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant qualities. They are also
inexpensive and readily available. Carotenoid’s functional qualities have been extensively utilised in the development of intelligent packaging solutions. This is because colour is omnipresent by nature and has the power to communicate important information about food packing. the potential use of carotenoid as a health-promoting, intelligent packaging
indication
The practice of halal and toyyib principles among migrant food handlers IIUM food services: a food safety and hygiene perspective through a mixed-methods approach
No full textFood service establishments in universities serve as the primary dining destinations for students, where the principles of halal and toyyib become significant considerations in maintaining overall hygiene and safety within food production and processing environments. However, ensuring adherence to these principles has become critical, particularly when migrant workers are involved in food handling. Despite their significant contribution to food service operations, limited research has examined their compliance with halal, hygiene, and food safety practices. The objective of this study was to assess the level of compliance with halal and toyyib principles among migrant food handlers at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Gombak, about food safety and hygiene practices. This study also aimed to identify the factors contributing to non-adherence to these practices. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 30 migrant food handlers, and 10 respondents were selected for in-depth interviews to gain deeper insights into the factors influencing their practices. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis and Creswell’s five-step method. The results revealed that 73.3% of respondents demonstrated high compliance, with an overall mean score of 4.32 on a 5-point Likert scale. However, specific weaknesses were identified in key areas, including protecting food from contamination, properly thawing food, and using thermometers for temperature control. Additionally, the findings identified four factors contributing to non-compliance, including limited training, poor attitudes, operational and resource constraints, and differing cultural or religious perspectives. Although overall adherence to the practices is excellent, targeted improvements are needed to address the identified gaps. This highlights the necessity of continuous awareness and training initiatives that account for the cultural and linguistic diversity among migrant groups, as well as the implementation of rules and monitoring systems to ensure the integrity of halal food consume
Fortifying the pipeline: WSN security challenges and mitigation strategies in student-driven IoT innovation (a case study of IoTeams)
No full textIn today’s technological era, where the advancement of
the Internet of Things (IoT) has become more widespread,
especially in the field of education, particularly through studentled innovation platforms for example in university club thatrelated to study of IoT or ICT like IoTeams Clubs in Kuliyyah ofInformation and Communication Technology (KICT),International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) who reliesheavily on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for real-time data collection and communication. Still, WSNs are at risk from various security issues like data being intercepted, nodes getting compromised, and denial-of-service attacks because they are wireless and do not have plenty of resources. This paper aims to discuss these security-related problems from a wireless communication angle and their effect on IoTeams. The focus is to determine the security of WSNs in student-driven IoT work research and explore which current practices can be used to help them. The methodology involves a comprehensive literature review of WSNs security issues in education and a survey among
IoTeams members about their perceptions, actions, and concerns regarding security in wireless communication. The study offers a clearer understanding of the vulnerabilities in the current security of IoT in academic environments and offers targeted ways to improve wireless security within student-driven IoT ecosystem
Adaptive federated learning model with unsupervised autoencoder-based reconstruction for imbalanced medical image classification
No full textMedical image classification has significantly advanced due to deep learning techniques, however, the performance remains limited by class imbalance and the nature distribution of healthcare data. Federated Learning (FL) allows collaborative model training across multiple data sources, without requiring the sharing of raw data, but its performance degrades under imbalanced and non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) settings. This paper proposes an enhanced federated learning framework by integrating two key strategies: unsupervised autoencoder-based reconstruction, which identify and prioritises rare cases, and adaptive tuning, which dynamically adjusts aggregation behavior to balance contributions under imbalanced data conditions. These strategies improving the model’s sensitivity for underrepresented classes while maintaining stability under non-IID scenarios. The enhanced model was experimentally evaluated on two benchmark medical datasets, RetinaMNIST and PneumoniaMNIST, under three imbalance ratios (1 to 10, 1 to 5, and 1 to 2) and compared against standard FL, FL with GAN augmentation, and FL with autoencoder-based reconstruction. Results demonstrate that on RetinaMNIST, the enhanced model improved minority-class recall by 59.6 percent, F1-score by 33.9 percent over standard FL. On PneumoniaMNIST, macro recall, F1-score and AUC-ROC increased by 4.6, 4.7, and 3.3 percent respectively over the best baseline (FL with autoencoder-based reconstruction). These consistent gains indicate the framework’s scalability and robustness for federated medical image classification under real- world imbalance conditions
السيرة النبوية الحية: مقاربات أصيلة = The living biography of the Prophet: authentic approaches
No full textفإن المتأمل في كتب السير والمغازي والكتب الصحاح يجد أنها لم تترك شاردة ولا واردة في سيرته العطرة ﷺ إلا وذكرتها. وكان ثمة مقدمات رائعة في حق رسول الله ﷺ تمدحه، وتبين خصائصه وصفاته وأخلاقياته ومواقفه في كل شؤون الحياة. ومن هنا نحاول الإسهام في الكتابة عن سيرته العطرة، والكشف عن أهمية ترسيخ مبدأ اقتداء الأمة بهذا النبي الكريم، وبيان سيرته التي تعبر عن مفهوم الرحمة للناس كافة، وفي الوقت نفسه دحض افتراءات الحاقدين والجاهلين حول السيرة العطرة، حيث إن هذه السيرة ترتبط ارتباطا مباشرا بحياة المسلمين في كل زمان ومكان، وكم نحن بحاجة ماسة إلى هذه القيم والأخلاقيات التي مارسها النبي ﷺ مع الصحابة الكرام، فكانت نبراسا للأمة بعده ﷺ وسراجا منيرا.
ومنهجنا في اختيار هذا العنوان الذي تكرر ذكره وتناوله في كثير من المراجع المعاصرة يختلف عما ذكره المعاصرون من حيث التناول والعرض والتحليل والمنهجية؛ إذ إن السيرة النبوية الحية تشير إلى فهم وتطبيق حياة النبي محمد ﷺ بوصفها نموذجاً عملياً في حياتنا المعاصرة، تتجاوز مجرد سرد الأحداث التاريخية لتشمل دروساً في الأخلاق، وإدارة الأزمات، وبناء العلاقات، وتحقيق الطموحات، وتلبية الاحتياجات الروحية والعملية، وتستخدم وسائل حديثة مثل التكنولوجيا الرقمية (التطبيقات، والواقع الافتراضي) لإيصال هذه القيم الإنسانية والحضارية للشباب في أنحاء الأرض كافة؛ ما يؤدي إلى ربط النموذج النبوي الشريف بالواقع الإنساني المعاصر؛ أما المقصود بالمقاربات الأصيلة في السيرة النبوية فيعني الاعتماد على المصادر الأولية والمنهجية العلمية لتدوينها، وهي تتجلى في القرآن الكريم، وكتب الحديث الصحيحة، وأعمال المؤرخين الأوائل مثل ابن إسحاق، والتركيز على الفهم العميق لشخصية النبي ﷺ بوصفه نوراً للعالم، مع الابتعاد عن الأساطير، وتقديمها بصورة تتناسب مع تحديات العصر، كما فعل الرواد كعباس محمود العقاد في كتابه: "عبقرية محمد"، وتظهر في أعمال المباركفوري في كتابه: الرحيق المختوم، وكتاب الشيخ محمد الغزالي: فقه السيرة، وكتابه: دروس من السيرة، وتركيز الأكاديميين على "السيرة في ضوء المصادر الأصلية؛ حيث تطرقنا إلى أحداث السيرة كما ورد في كتب الصحاح، ولا سيما صحيحي البخاري ومسلم، وحللنا الحدث المتعلق برسول الله ﷺ وعلاقته بالصحابة والمشركين والناس، وكتبنا السيرة بلغة العصر مع بيان الكلمات التي تحتاج إلى تفسير دلالي أو معجمي، وربطنا كل حدث كما ورد في الصحيحين مع ترجيح بعض الروايات في أحداث معينة وتعليقنا أحيانا على سيرة ابن هشام في ضوء معطيات آراء علماء الحديث والمتخصصين في هذا المجال
Effects of symbiosis between enterobacter cloacae UIA3 and rice plant seedlings under different salinity treatments
No full textSoil salinization is a significant constraint to global food security, with
rice (Oryza sativa L.) being particularly prone to salinity stress. As a
sustainable mitigation approach, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
(PGPRs) are potential candidates for improving crop tolerance. This
study investigates the performance of PGPR strain Enterobacter
cloacae UIA3, noted for producing indole-3-acetic acid and nutrient
solubilization, in establishing a symbiotic relationship with rice under
salinity conditions. Three rice varieties, Pokkali, MR297, and IR64,
under four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) were analyzed
for physiological response and symbiotic compatibility. A host-specific
interaction was observed where the salt-tolerant Pokkali variety showed
a strong positive association through enhanced root hair development
and significant improvement in the growth of inoculated plants under
stress. However, the salt-sensitive varieties of MR297 and IR64 showed
severe root damage and exhibited minimal bacterial colonization. This
indicates that the performance of E. cloacae UIA3 is effective mainly
as bio-inoculation in salt-tolerant rice genotypes. Thus, host specificity
is indispensable in the microbial strategy for saline agriculture. Overall,
the results highlight avenues for PGPR strain E. cloacae UIA3 as
an environmentally friendly bioinoculant under saline environments
Linguistic capital and political authority: a discourse analysis of southeast Asian leaders’ statement at COP29
No full textThis study investigates how linguistic choices function as symbolic capital to construct political authority and shape global diplomacy in the national statements of Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines at 29th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29). Grounded in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) focusing on lexical, rhetorical, and stylistic features, and informed by Bourdieu’s theory of language and power, and Hall’s model of contextual communication model, the study examines how Southeast Asian leaders navigate an English dominant ‘linguistic market’. A comparative analysis reveals distinct discursive strategies: Malaysia employed moral and diplomatic lexicon to establish moral authority; Singapore relied on technical and collaborative rhetoric to project pragmatic leadership; and the Philippines drew on cultural to assert empathetic authority. These linguistic strategies, functioning as language capital, shaped debates on climate finance and the Loss and Damage Fund. The study contributes to political discourse theory and diplomatic practice by demonstrating how non-native English-speaking leaders strategically convert their national habitus into diplomatic resource in English-dominated international forum
The effects of stretching, strengthening and combined interventions on lower-limb spasticity in spastic cerebral palsy: a systematic review
No full textBackground: Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) is a common childhood neurological condition that results in abnormal muscle tone, motor dysfunction, and gait impairments. While stretching is widely used to reduce muscle stiffness, strengthening exercises are increasingly incorporated to improve functional mobility. Concerns remain, however, regarding whether strengthening may increase spasticity. Method: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search of studies published between 2004 and 2024 was conducted across major databases. Eligible studies included those evaluating stretching, strengthening, or combined interventions targeting lower-limb spasticity in individuals with spastic CP. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool (ROB-2).Results:Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Intervention categories comprised stretching alone (n = 2), strengthening alone (n = 2), and combined stretching–strengthening programmes (n = 8). Findings indicated that stretching alone and strengthening alone do not consistently reduce lower-limb spasticity, although both may help preserve muscle and joint properties. Combined exercise programmes demonstrated mixed outcomes: some studies reported improvements in tendon stiffness, fascicle length, and clinical spasticity scores, while others showed no significant effects. Despite inconsistent spasticity outcomes, several studies noted functional gains, including better gait performance,enhanced muscle morphology, and improved movement efficiency.Conclusion: Overall, the evidence suggests that while combined interventions may offer selective benefits, reductions in spasticity are not uniformly observed.Current evidence does not support stretching, strengthening, or combined exercise programmes as consistently effective in reducing lower-limb spasticity in spastic CP, although functional improvements are frequently reported. Future research should prioritise spasticity as a primary outcome, standardise intervention parameters, and incorporate larger, methodologically robust samples to inform clinical practice
The concept of war (qitāl) in the Qur’an: a comparative study of Tafsir Al-Mishbah and Tafsir Al-Muharrar Al-Wajiz
No full textThe study of war or qitāl in the Qur'an often causes controversy, primarily because some
circles still associate verses of jihad with violence or terrorism. This indicates a gap in
understanding that needs to be bridged through in-depth tafsir (exegesis) studies. This research
aims to analyze the concept of war in the Qur'an through a comparative study of two tafsirs: Tafsir
Al-Mishbah by Quraish Shihab and Tafsir Al-Muharrar Al-Wajiz by Ibn Athiyyah. The method used
is qualitative research based on a literature study with a thematic and comparative approach. The
results show that both mufassirs (exegetes) agree that war in Islam is defensive in nature, oriented
toward justice, and limited by humanitarian values. War is not intended as a means of aggression
but as a last resort for self-defense and the protection of religious freedom. However, differences
are observed in the emphasis: Tafsir Al-Mishbah highlights the contextual, moral, and spiritual
aspects more, while Tafsir Al-Muharrar Al-Wajiz tends to emphasize the legal side of fiqh (Islamic
jurisprudence) and linguistic debates. This study contributes by demonstrating how contextualmoral
and fiqh-linguistic approaches complement each other in constructing a holistic Qur’anic
understanding of war