University of Borås
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‘Google this!’ How performative links and search engines organise information disorders in a climate obstruction network
No full textIn recent years, information disorders, including on environmental issues, have grown in strength and influence, making research involving detailed analyses of how they are organised increasingly important. This article focuses on a Swedish climate obstruction network and investigates the keyphrases (search queries) they suggest people should google. An analysis of keyphrases suggested between 2014 and 2022 on the network's blog and in other publications shows how these suggestions function akin to hyperlinks in organising an alternative media ecosystem. The article introduces the idea of ‘performative links’ as a way to conceptualise how strategically recommended keyphrases operationalise data voids. Performative links encourage users to ‘do their own research’ by suggesting specific keyphrases as search queries. They connect the technical properties of web search engines with society's demands for individual responsibility and media and information literacy, and they help to promote data voids and feeds into information disorders. The analysis of the keyphrases suggested by the studied climate obstruction network focuses on how these keyphrases are composed, where they are published, how they spread, and what search results and thus information they result in. The findings indicate that performative links are crucial in controlling cross-media alternative media ecosystems. They exploit ideological dialects to construct and maintain data voids but also amplify the climate obstruction message and its reach. The article concludes by emphasising the need for more research on information disorders across different media and platforms, as well as the potential risks associated with performative links and data voids.
Children´s Perspective Through the Lense of Research : A Systematized Review of Multilingual Children’s Perspectives and Experiences in Cultural Contexts
No full textThis study presents a systematized review of international research on how multilingual children's experiences and perspectives have been explored within culture-mediating institutions, such as public libraries, museums, and cultural centers, where people, culture, and information intersect. While multilingual children constitute a significant user group in these settings, their voices often remain marginalized in both research and practice. The aim of this study is twofold: first, to map the current state of research concerning multilingual children’s participation in culture-mediating activities; and second, to critically examine how their perspectives are represented. Exhaustive searches, primarily conducted in Web of Science and ERIC (via EBSCOhost), resulted in 20 unique articles deemed eligible for inclusion. Quantitative bibliometric analysis identified publication trends by year, geographical distribution, and keyword co-occurrence, while a qualitative content analysis, grounded in Janks’ (2010) critical literacy framework, revealed four main themes in how multilingual children’s perspectives are portrayed. The findings indicate a fragmented yet expanding multidisciplinary field spanning education, childhood studies, and library and information science. Although many studies emphasize inclusivity, few adopt a truly child-centered approach that foregrounds children’s voices and lived experiences. By synthesizing insights across disciplinary boundaries, this review offers a more nuanced understanding of the factors shaping multilingual children’s engagement with cultural institutions.
Procurement and valuation of public art : A qualitative study of value-creating factors in public art in municipalities
No full textBakgrund: Konstmarknaden har under den senaste tiden skådat absurda försäljningspriser gällande konstverk som en del anser knappast kan klassas som konst. Om man kollar på konstmarknaden i Sverige så är kommuner stora köpare av konst eftersom 41% av Sveriges kommuner tillämpar den så kallade enprocentsregeln. Tillämpningen av enprocentsregeln skiljer sig något beroende på kommun och region men innefattar i grunden att vid ny-, om- och tillbyggnader så ska en procent av budgeten gå till konstnärlig gestaltning. Så vad är ett konstverk värt egentligen och vad utgör värdet? Det är väldigt individuellt och leder fram till intresset att undersöka värdering av konst i offentlig förvaltning på kommunal nivå för att belysa samhällsekonomiska värdeskapande faktorer som förklarar det monetära priset i upphandlingsprocessen. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att identifiera och förstå samhällsekonomiska bakgrundsfaktorer som används för att rättfärdiga det monetära priset på konstverk i offentliga upphandlingar på kommunal nivå. Det för att bidra till ökad förståelse samt att främja utvecklingen av konstvärdering i kommuner. Metod: Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ datainsamlingsmetod i form av riktade öppna intervjuer som sedan analyserats med hjälp av en kombinerad kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod i form av en tematisk analys med frekvensräkning och lyftande av nyckelmeningar. För att möjliggöra tematisk analys spelades intervjuerna in och transkriberades. Studien avgränsades till kommuner inom Västra Götalands län. Slutsatser: De samhällsekonomiskt värdeskapande faktorer som förklarar det monetära priset i offentliga upphandlingar av konst på kommunal nivå är integrerande av samhälle, estetik, hållbarhet, beskrivning, material, teknik, storlek, erfarenhet, stil, värde, synlighet, interaktion och säkerhet. Det innebär att 13 av de totalt 15 undersökta faktorerna har bekräftats vara värdeskapande och förklarande av det monetära priset i en upphandlingsprocess. De faktorer som de undersökta kommunerna ej tar hänsyn till är konstnärers kändhet och lokala anknytning. Det innebär att dessa faktorer ej förklarar det monetära priset i upphandlingsprocesser. The study is written in Swedish. Background: The art market has recently witnessed absurd sales prices for artworks that some argue can hardly be classified as art. In Sweden, municipalities are major purchasers of art, as 41% of Swedish municipalities apply the so-called "one percent rule." The implementation of this rule varies slightly depending on the municipality and region but fundamentally entails that one percent of the budget for new construction, renovation, or extension projects should be allocated to artistic design. So, how much is an artwork really worth, and what constitutes its value? This is highly subjective and has led to an interest in examining the valuation of art in public administration at the municipal level, with the aim of highlighting socio-economic value-creating factors that explain the monetary price in the procurement process. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and understand the socio-economic background factors used to justify the monetary price of artworks in public procurement at the municipal level. The goal is to contribute to a better understanding and to promote the development of art valuation practices within municipalities. Method: The study was conducted using a qualitative data collection method in the form of targeted open interviews, which were then analyzed through a combined qualitative and quantitative approach. This involved thematic analysis with frequency counting and identification of key statements. To enable thematic analysis, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The study was limited to municipalities within Västra Götaland County. Conclusion: The socio-economically value-creating factors that explain the monetary price in municipal public art procurement include integration with the community, aesthetics, sustainability, description, materials, technique, size, experience, style, value, visibility, interaction, and safety. This means that 13 out of the 15 analyzed factors confirmed to be value-creating and explanatory of the monetary price in the procurement process. The factors not considered by the studied municipalities were the artist’s fame and local affiliation which means that these do not explain the monetary price in procurement processes.
Different focus, different aim and different goal : Responsible use of bibliometrics in research funding models at Swedish universities
No full textThis master thesis explores allocation models for research funding at Swedish universities with a special focus on responsible use of bibliometric indicators. Qualitative content analysis is employed to perform a descriptive and exploratory study using official documents and webpages. An analytical framework for scrutinizing responsible use of bibliometrics in the models is developed with the so-called Leidenmanifesto as a starting point. The ten points of the manifesto are reworked into three themes: Context, Limitations and Robustness. The study finds that 16 out of 36 universities employ bibliometric indicators in their models. With focus on these 16 universities, the components used for collecting and adjusting data and the use of the models is analysed through the three themes of the analytical framework. The findings are that although there are similarities between the models, no model, nor its use of bibliometric components, is equal to the next, not even in between categories of similar types of universities other than the fact that university colleges are more prone to use bibliometric indicators then other categories of universities. The models adhere to responsible use of bibliometrics in different ways and to different extents. The study concludes that the use of bibliometrics in a responsible way is not well developed on the university level and it is not often verbalised in documents.
Automated Intrusion Detection in Network Traffic : A study based on CICIDS2017 and Azure AutoML
No full textDetta examensarbete undersöker hur artificiell intelligens (AI) och maskininlärning (ML) kan tillämpas för att automatisera analysen av nätverkstrafik i syfte att förbättra detektionen av cyberhot. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i det ökade behovet av skalbara säkerhetslösningar, till följd av växande datavolymer och en alltmer komplex hotbild, där traditionella manuella analysmetoder uppvisar betydande begränsningar.Syftet är att analysera hur AI- och ML-tekniker kan användas för att identifiera mönster och anomalier i rå nätverkstrafik, samt att utvärdera i vilken grad dessa tekniker kan ersätta eller komplettera manuell threat hunting. Studien syftar även till att belysa de möjligheter och begränsningar som är förenade med automatiserad hotdetektion i operativa cybersäkerhetsmiljöer.Metodologiskt har en explorativ, kvalitativ forskningsansats tillämpats. Klassificeringsmodeller har tränats och utvärderats i Microsoft Azure AutoML, baserat på det simulerade och standardiserade CICIDS2017-datasetet. Modellernas prestanda har bedömts med hjälp av AUC, precision och recall. Därtill har en semistrukturerad intervju med ett cybersäkerhetsföretag genomförts för att tillföra ett praktiskt perspektiv på studiens resultat.Resultaten visar att modellerna VotingEnsemble och LightGBM uppnår mycket hög träffsäkerhet, särskilt vid detektion av frekventa attacker såsom DDoS och PortScan. Däremot identifierades begränsningar vid detektering av ovanligare attacker, exempelvis Heartbleed, vilket kan tillskrivas obalanser i träningsdatan. Intervjun med det deltagande säkerhetsföretaget visar att AI och ML inte endast är av teoretiskt intresse, utan utgör praktiskt nödvändiga verktyg för att hantera den datamängd och det hotlandskap som moderna organisationer ställs inför.This thesis investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) can be applied to automate the analysis of network traffic with the objective of enhancing cyber threat detection. The study is grounded in the growing need for scalable security solutions, as traditional manual analysis methods become increasingly inadequate in the face of expanding data volumes and a rapidly evolving threat landscape.The purpose of this research is to examine how AI and ML techniques can be used to identify patterns and anomalies in raw network traffic, and to evaluate the extent to which these technologies can replace or complement manual threat hunting. The study also aims to explore the opportunities and limitations associated with automated threat detection in operational cybersecurity environments.Methodologically, an exploratory qualitative research approach has been adopted. A selection of classification models was trained and evaluated using Microsoft Azure AutoML, based on the simulated and standardized CICIDS2017-dataset. Model performance was assessed using key metrics such as AUC, precision, and recall. Additionally, a semi-structured interview with a cybersecurity company was conducted to provide practical insight and contextualize the technical findings.The results show that the VotingEnsemble and LightGBM models achieved very high accuracy, particularly in detecting frequent attacks such as DDoS and PortScan. Weaker performance was observed for less common attacks, such as Heartbleed, likely due to class imbalance in the dataset. Insights from the industry interview confirm that AI and ML are not only theoretically promising but also practically indispensable tools in contemporary cybersecurity operations, specially where manual analysis alone is insufficient to manage the scale and complexity of modern data environments
“I want to go home and read now!” : Children talk about reading experiences
No full textThis thesis investigates children's perspectives on reading and reading experiences. Based on a focus group discussion with three girls in the 6th grade the study explores how children articulate their motivations, preferences, and emotional responses to reading of their own choice. With the help of Gitte Balling’s theoretical framework on the reading experience, the results and analysis are structured around temporal (before, during, after reading) and spatial dimensions (reader, text, context). The findings reveal that children can express several aspects of what makes a good reading experience. They can also help each other to see new aspects when they share their thoughts and experiences. The study also implies that discussions about diverse reading experiences can have potential as a reading promotion strategy.
Free shipping in a sustainability context : A critical study of shipping strategies in the fashion industry’s e-commerce sector
No full textE-handeln inom den svenska modebranschen har under de senaste åren präglats av ökade krav på tillgänglighet, snabb leverans och konkurrenskraftiga erbjudanden. En central komponent i detta är fri frakt, ett erbjudande som från början fungerade som marknadsföringsverktyg men idag har blivit en förväntad norm både av företag och konsumenter. Tidigare forskning har visat att fri frakt påverkar köpbeteende, leder till ökade transportutsläpp och en högre returfrekvens, men få studier har fokuserat på hur företag inom modeindustrin hanterar dessa konsekvenser, och hur det står i relation till dess uppsatta hållbarhetsmål. Syftet med denna studie är därmed att undersöka hur svenska modeföretag förhåller sig till fri frakt i relation till ett hållbarhetsperspektiv. Studiens forskningsfrågor fokuserar på hur miljöaspekter beaktas i beslut om fri frakt, hur företag tolkar och agerar utifrån konsumenternas förväntningar samt vilka alternativa strategier som övervägs. Studien är byggd på en kvalitativ ansats med sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter från svenska mode- och e-handelsföretag. Empirin har analyserats tematiskt och tolkats med stöd i teorier om rättvisa och förväntningar, köpbeteende, kundrelationer samt långsiktig lönsamhet. Resultatet visar att fri frakt i regel inte betraktas som en hållbarhetsfråga, trots att flera företag är medvetna om dess indirekta miljöpåverkan. Beslut inom företagen fattas ofta utifrån antaganden om kunders krav snarare än faktisk efterfrågan, vilket leder till passivitet och begränsad förändringsvilja. Samtidigt antyder vissa aktörer att konsumenternas krav på fri frakt kan vara på väg att minska, något som dock sällan följs upp med strategisk handling. Studien visar att fri frakt utgör ett exempel på det glapp som kan uppstå mellan hållbarhetsambitioner och affärsstrategi. För att nå verklig förändring krävs att företag erkänner fri frakt som en konsumtionsdrivande mekanism och omvärderar dess roll i hållbarhetsarbetet. Studien är relevant för både företag och beslutsfattare som vill förstå hur affärsstrategiska val påverkar möjligheterna till hållbar konsumtion inom e-handeln.In recent years, the Swedish fashion e-commerce sector has been shaped by increasing demands for accessibility, fast deliveries, and competitive offers. Free shipping, once a marketing tool, has now become a normalized expectation shared by both consumers and companies. While previous research highlights how free shipping affects purchasing behavior, increases return rates and contributes to transportation-related emissions, few studies have explored how companies address these consequences in relation to their sustainability goals. This study investigates how Swedish fashion companies perceive and manage free shipping from a sustainability perspective. The research focuses on how environmental aspects are considered in shipping decisions, how companies interpret consumer expectations, and what alternative strategies are being explored. The study is based on a qualitative approach, including six semi-structured interviews with representatives from Swedish fashion and e- commerce companies. The material was analyzed thematically and interpreted through the lens of theories on justice, expectations, consumer behavior, customer relations, and long- term profitability. The findings indicate that free shipping is rarely treated as a sustainability issue, despite several companies acknowledging its indirect environmental impact. Strategic decisions are often based on assumptions about consumer demands rather than actual insights, leading to hesitation and limited willingness to change. Some companies suggest that consumer expectations regarding free shipping may be shifting, yet this rarely translates into strategic action. The study demonstrates how free shipping exemplifies the disconnect between sustainability ambitions and business strategy. For meaningful change to occur, companies must recognize free shipping as a consumption-driving mechanism and critically reassess its role in their sustainability work. The study is relevant for both business practitioners and policymakers seeking to understand how strategic decisions in e-commerce affect the broader goal of sustainable consumption. The thesis is written in Swedish
Mechanical performance and usability in textile production for solution dyed multifilament yarn
No full textAtt producera textil är ofta en krävande process som förbrukar stora mängder energi, vatten och kemikalier. Det finns dock flera metoder för att minska avtrycket av produktionen. Därför har författarna av detta arbete, tillsammans med Thule Group, undersökt möjligheten att använda ett spinnfärgat monomaterial för flera produktionsprocesser. Studien genomfördes genom att producera tre olika variationer för rundstickad dubbelsidig mesh samt två olika bindningar med fyra varianter vardera av bandväv. Denna del av arbetet syftade främst till att se hur produktion av garnet fungerar för bandvävning och rundstickning. Samtliga variationer genomgick två tester vardera där syftet var att undersöka hållbarheten av dessa strukturer, och om det fanns någon variation som var att föredra. Resultaten visade att det går att både rundsticka och bandväva med monofilamentgarnet, dock uppstod vissa problem under tillverkningen av bandväven. Under testningen framgick det att en av bindningarna i bandväv testade högre än den andra, samt att en av variationerna i rundstickning förmodligen är att föredra.Producing textiles is often an environmentally demanding process that requires large amounts of energy, water and chemicals. However, there are several methods to reduce the footprint of production. Therefore, the authors of this study teamed up with Thule Group to investigate the possibility of using a solution dyed mono material for several production processes. The study was conducted by producing three variations of a circular knitted double sided mesh and two different weaves with four variations each. This part of the study aimed to understand how the production of this yarn worked in circular knitting and narrow weaving. All of the produced structures then went through two different tests each to understand the durability of each variation and whether any of the structures were to be preferred. The results showed that circular knitting and narrow weaving of the yarn was possible, but certain issues did arise. During the testing of the material, it was discovered that one of the variations in weaving were to be preferred, as well as one of the knitting variations
Effective Intervention Methods for Reading in Elementary School Grades K-3 : A Knowledge Overview
No full textLäsinlärning är en grundläggande process som påverkar elevers möjligheter att lyckas både i skolan och i livet. Denna kunskapsöversikt fokuserar på forskningsbaserade metoder som stödjer tidig läsinlärning i årskurserna F-3.Syftet är att identifiera effektiva metoder som hjälper elever att knäcka läskoden och utveckla läsförmåga. Genom en metodisk informationssökning både från internationella och nationella forskningsstudier utifrån vedertagna databaser har tio vetenskapliga artiklar valts ut och ligger till grund för kunskapsöversikten. Översikten baseras på en kvalitativ metod där vetenskapliga studier har analyserats och sammanfattats med särskilt fokus på interventioner.Resultaten visar att tidig intervention som inkluderar strukturerad undervisning, mindre grupper, individuellt anpassad undervisning och fonologisk träning, är framgångsrik för att stödja elevers läsutveckling
“I’ll believe it when I see it” : A study on multimodality in news on TikTok
No full textThis study explores users' source critical methods on TikTok and the type of modal elements that are present in news videos containing disinformation on TikTok. The study followed a qualitative approach collecting data through an online survey and a content analysis of TikTok videos. The survey focused on identifying users’ source critical methods on TikTok. The content analysis focused on identifying frequently used multimodal elements in posts spreading disinformation on TikTok. The theoretical framework is employed to investigate the process of information, the combination of modalities, and the cognitive and emotional framing of information. The findings revealed that most users on TikTok are source critical. Common methods of being source critical were examining the publisher and searching for more information. The content analysis found that a variety of modal elements were used in combination with each other to create a multimodal product. The most prominent feature of disinformation was the use of subtitles with a highlight of the spoken word as well as intense background music to give an impression of reliability. The contribution of this study is an understanding of TikTok users’ perception of source criticism and their methods to approach information critically. Furthermore, it provides a general understanding of how disinformation regarding the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine is created using multimodalities on TikTok.