University of Zagreb
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Übersetzung aus dem Deutschen ins Kroatische ; Übersetzung aus dem Kroatischen ins Deutsche
Full text linkKanibalizam u astečkom društvu
Full text linkCilj ovog diplomskog rada je predstaviti i analizirati astečki kanibalizam i ritualna žrtvovanja. Prvi dio rada bavit će se samim pojmom kanibalizma te pojavom ovog fenomena kroz povijest. Drugi dio rada pruža nam uvid u astečku kulturu i svakodnevicu. Ovdje će naglasak biti na slojevima društva, njihovoj hijerarhiji te odnosu između muškaraca i žena. Treće poglavlje predstavlja srž ovoga rada. Prvo ćemo pažnju posvetiti tome kako i kada su se astečki rituali odvijali, kome su bili posvećeni te na koji način se meso konzumiralo. U nastavku se navode 4 metode koje nude objašnjenje za to zašto su baš Asteci vršili žrtvovanja u tolikom razmjeru. Ponuđene teorije su redom: kanibalizam zbog ekološke potrebe, kanibalizam kao sredstvo demografske kontrole, kanibalizam kao odgovor na nedostatak serotonina te kanibalizam u religijske svrhe.El objetivo de esta tesis es representar y analizar el canibalismo azteca y los sacrificios rituales. La primera parte de la tesis tratará el término del canibalismo y las representaciones históricas de ese fenómeno. La segunda parte de la tesis nos ofrecerá información sobre la cultura y la vida cotidiana de los aztecas, con el énfasis en los estratos sociales y su jerarquía, como también en la relación entre los hombres y las mujeres. La tercera parte de la tesis forma el corazón de esta tesis. Primeramente, describiremos cómo y cuándo ocurrían los rituales aztecas, a quién eran dedicados y en qué manera se consumaba la carne. A continuación, se ofrecerán cuatro métodos que explicarán por qué justo los aztecas hacían tantos sacrificios. Las teorías que se ofrecerán son las siguientes: el canibalismo por necesidades ecológicas, el canibalismo como el medio del control demográfico, el canibalismo como la respuesta a la falta de la serotonina y el canibalismo para fines religiosos.The aim of this Master's thesis is to present and analyze Aztec cannibalism and ritual sacrifice. The first part of this paper will deal with the very concept of cannibalism and the occurrences of this phenomenon throughout history. The second part of this work gives us an insight into the Aztec culture and everyday life. Here the emphasis is put on the layers of their society, their hierarchy and the relationship between men and women. The third chapter represents the very core of this work. Firstly, the focus is on how and when the Aztec rituals were performed, to whom they were devoted and how the meat was consumed. Furthermore, I present four methods that explain why the Aztecs sacrificed such large number of people. Theories offered are in turn: cannibalism due to ecological needs, cannibalism as a means of demographic control, cannibalism as a response to a lack of serotonin, and cannibalism for religious purposes
Valencija latinskih glagola: sintaktička analiza odabranog korpusa
No full textU ovom je radu prikazana sintaktička analiza odabranih latinskih tekstova iz udžbenika
Orbis Romanus I s gledišta teorije valentnosti. U prvom dijelu rada prikazuju se kratak teorijski
okvir i jezična problematika vezana uz teoriju valentnosti. U dugom dijelu navedeni su rezultati
analize korpusa. U abecednom popisu glagola tablično su prikazani podaci o njihovoj
valentnosti, vrsti i broju dopune. Nakon obrade provedena je statistička analiza. U nastavku
slijedi metodičko-didaktički osvrt na primjenjivost teorije valentnosti u suvremenoj nastavi
latinskog jezika.Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der syntaktischen Analyse der aus dem Lehrbuch Orbis
Romanus I gewählten lateinischen Texte. Dabei bediente man sich der Valenztheorie. Im ersten
Teil der Arbeit werden Grundbegriffe und das Wesen der Valenztheorie sowie deren
Problematik geschildert. Die Resultate der Korpusanalyse werden im zweiten Teil dargestellt.
Mit den in alphabetischer Reihenfolge geordneten Verben werden auch die Angaben über ihre
qualitative und quantitative Valenz genannt. Danach wurde die statistische Analyse
durchgeführt. Im Anschluss daran wird die Anwendbarkeit der Valenztheorie im Lateinunterricht von heute erörtert
Speech and Language Disorders in Neurodegenerative Diseases – Alzheimer’s Dementia and Primary Progressive Aphasia – Two Case Studies
Full text linkNeurodegenerativne bolesti su u suvremenom svijetu u porastu, a broj oboljelih od demencija raste i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Kroz prikaz slučaja demencije Alzheimerovog tipa te primarne progresivne afazije i usporedbu oba slučaja dobila se preliminarna slika o stanju govornojezičnih
sposobnosti sudionica istraživanja. Ispitale su se funkcije poput razumijevanja, artikulacije, čitanja, pisanja, verbalne fluentnosti (fonološke i semantičke), sposobnosti
imenovanja te semantičko i kratkoročno pamćenje. Osnovna motivacija rada je uvid u govornojezične sposobnosti i razumijevanje vrsta poteškoća s kojima se susreću osobe oboljele od Alzheimerove demencije i primarne progresivne afazije te osmišljavanje terapijskih postupaka u rehabilitacijskoj intervenciji u tretmanu govorno-jezičnih poteškoća. Time će se bolesnicima pružiti dodatan način rehabilitacije te produžiti kvaliteta komunikacije sa obitelji i društvom.There has been noted a sharp rise in neurodegenerative diseases in the world recently. Nonetheless, the incidences of patients with dementia has been increesing in Croatia, as well. Through a case study of Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and a comparis of both cases, a preliminary picture of the state of speech-language ability of the participant was obtained. Functions or skills such as understanding, articulation, reading, writing, verbal fluency (phonological and semantic), confrontational naming, semantic and short-term memory were studied. The basic motivation of the work is to gain insight into speech-language skills as well as the development of therapeutic interventions in the treatment of speech-language difficulties caused by the aforementioned diseases. This will provide patients with an additional method of rehabilitation and extend the quality of communication with the family and society
Stavovi o ranom učenju engleskog kao trećeg jezika u dvojezičnoj sredini
Full text linkThis diploma paper analyses parents’ attitudes to early language learning in schools in Istria, a bilingual county in Croatia. The aim of this paper was to observe whether parents demonstrated positive or negative attitudes to the acquisition of three languages from Grade 1 of primary school, since their attitudes and opinions could greatly influence children’s success during the language learning process.
The paper presents the theoretical background to the study, focusing on the concepts such as early learning of multiple languages, interrelationships between each language, the role and influence of parents’ attitudes and the linguistic context of Croatia and Istria. The second part of the paper involves the description of the study, its aim, participants and form, which is followed by the results and discussion. The results generally showed positive attitudes towards early language learning, language teaching, the choice of foreign languages, simultaneous acquisition of three languages and the interrelationship between the languages. Lastly, the conclusion brings a summary of the main concepts and findings presented in this paper.Ovaj diplomski rad analizira stavove roditelja o ranom učenju jezika u školama u Istri,
dvojezičnoj županiji u Hrvatskoj. Cilj ovoga rada bio je promatrati pozitivne i negativne
stavove roditelja o usvajanju tri jezika od prvog razreda osnovne škole, budući da njihovi
stavovi i mišljenja mogu uvelike utjecati na dječji uspjeh tijekom procesa učenja jezika.
Rad prikazuje teorijsku pozadinu istraživanja koje se usredotočuje na pojmove kao što su rano
učenje više jezika, međuodnosi između jezika, uloga i utjecaj stavova roditelja te jezični
kontekst Hrvatske i Istre. Drugi dio rada obuhvaća opis cilja, sudionika i postupka
istraživanja, nakon čega slijede rezultati i rasprava. Rezultati su pokazali da roditelji većinom
imaju pozitivne stavove o ranom učenju jezika, podučavanju jezika, izboru stranih jezika,
istovremenom usvajanju tri jezika i međuodnosu između jezika. Naposlijetku, zaključak
donosi sažetak glavnih pojmova i rezultata predstavljenih u ovome radu
William John Morgan's ethics of sport
Full text linkU fokusu ovog rada je američki znanstvenik William John Morgan i njegov doprinos globalnoj etici sporta. U tom smislu istraživanje njegova doprinosa polazi od četiri temeljne hipoteze.
Prva je hipoteza kako je William John Morgan presudno utjecao na razvoj globalne filozofije i etike sporta uvođenjem Alasdair MacIntyreovih teza iznesenih u knjizi „Za vrlinom. Studija o teoriji morala“. Time, cijeloj je globalnoj zajednici dao novi okvir gledanja na sport kao društvenu praksu.
Druga je hipoteza, usko povezana s prvom, da je W. J. Morgan internalist, a tek potom konvencionalist, jer mu konvencionalizam situiran u određenom povijesnom i socijalnom kontekstu služi za nadilaženje mana internalizma. Štoviše, on je „otac“ internalizma odnosno začetnik ove trenutno najproširenije i najutjecajnije normativne teorije sporta. Morganova pozicija može se okvalificirati kao povijesni konvencionalistički internalizam.
Treća je hipoteza kako je Morgan uobličitelj kontura i divizija moderne globalne etike sporta, koje je izvršio kroz ustroj svojih (uredničkih) izdanja, izbor autora i radova, uključenih tema i rasprava te izvršenih podjela u tematskom smislu.
Četvrta je hipoteza kako Morgan u sportskom komunitarizmu vidi odnosno daje univerzalno rješenje za sve probleme sporta kroz (ponovni) okret k igri, igrivom i igračkom u sportu, odnosno zajednicama praktičara sporta (tzv. sports practice communities) kao (sa)čuvateljima onog sportskog u sportu.
Prije istraživačke obrade temeljnih hipoteza u radu se rasvjetljavaju dva nužna preduvjeta i oslonca Morganova rada. S jedne strane, daje se kritički prikaz definicija H. B. Suitsa pojmova igre, igranja i sporta, koji su temelj cijele filozofije sporta. S druge strane, autor je iznio pregled povijesnog razvoja filozofije i etike sporta s ključnim točkama odnosno publikacijama unutar njega, kako bi mogao jasno odrediti ulogu i značaj Morganovih prinosa.
U metodološkom smislu, u istraživanju se koristi bibliografska metoda za prikupljanje podataka, kritička analiza, komparativna kritička metoda i komparativna povijesna metoda.The focus of this paper is the work of William John Morgan, American sports philosopher and professor at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA, in the field of the ethics of sport. Morgan is one of the “founding fathers” of the discipline established in the United States of America and Canada in 1972, present in scientific discourse and literature for more than 40 years, making important contributions and impacts.
In the paper, the author investigates four hypotheses about Morgan's ethics of sport. The first hypothesis is that William John Morgan had a decisive influence on the development of a global philosophy of sport by introducing Alasdair MacIntyre's theses presented in the book After Virtue. A Study in Moral Theory. The second hypothesis, closely related to the first one, is that W. J. Morgan is firstly an internalist, and then secondly a conventionalist situated in the historical and social framework. Moreover, he is the ‘father’ of internalism or the founder of the widely used and influential normative theory of sport, commonly accepted in the variant called ‘broad internalism or interpretivism’, developed by Robert L. Simon and John S. Russell. Thus, Morgan's position should be qualified as ‘historicistic conventionalist internalism’. The third hypothesis is that Morgan has influenced the shaping of the modern ethics of sports contours and field divisions, through his edited anthologies. The fourth hypothesis is that Morgan finds sport practice communities the universal solution for all the problems of contemporary sports.
Specifically, the paper is structured into six chapters, with addition of the introduction and conclusion: 1) What is sport – defining or conceptualizing?; 2) Philosophy of sport – historical genealogy; 3) William John Morgan – contours and divisions of the ethics of sport; 4) Internalism in sport – William J. Morgan and Alisdair Macintyre; 5) “Sport practice communities“; 6) Final overview: W. J. Morgan as an original philosopher of sport.
In the first chapter, the author deals with the question of what sport is. In that regard, he turns to the sport-philosophical literature presenting the most influential answers thus far. Bernard H. Suits' book The Grasshopper: Games, Life and Utopia stands out as the most prominent one. Moreover, it seems that the whole sports-philosophical community and the pertaining literature leans on Suits' distinctions and definitions of ‘the tricky triad’ - game, play and sport. First is his definition of play: ‘x is playing if and only if x has made a temporary reallocation to autotelic activities of resources primarily committed to instrumental purposes’. Second is his description of games as goal directed activities made of four elements: 1) pre-lusory goal or the “object of the game”; 2) lusory goal or winning and/or scoring; 3) lusory rules or constitutional rules; and 4) lusory attitude or conscious acceptance of the rules by players. Third is his view on sport as a kind of game, that he defines as “voluntary attempt[s] to overcome unnecessary obstacles”.
Moreover, the author shows the problems with the definitions and concludes, leaning on the work of G. McFee, that we cannot define sport clearly and unequivocally. Thus, he is going in the other direction – of conceptualizing it by looking for the essential elements and features of sport: testing and contesting (S. Kretchmar), internal values (W. J. Morgan, J. S. Russell, R. L. Simon), spirit of sport (M. McNamee), human + physical + skills + contest / competition + rule-governed + institutionalized (J. S. Parry).
In the second chapter, in order to provide the proper context for his four hypotheses, the author is making one of the rare attempts to make a comprehensive historical overview of the philosophy of sport discipline in the literature so far. The author divides specific history into three major periods that he calls: 1) 'antique period' – in which the author finds work of Homer, Pindar, Plato and Aristotle as the most important; 2) 'pre-disciplinary period' – where he distinguishes the history of philosophy phase from the theory of sport phase in the 19th and 20th century; and 3) 'disciplinary period'. Within the latter, the author proposes 1972 as the starting point of the discipline for six reasons. Moreover, the author makes a short overview of the most influential bibliographical efforts in the development of the discipline, as well as its two most important subdisciplines – ethics of sport and bioethics of sport. In such a way, he is able to show, in a clear manner, the role and presence of W. J. Morgan in the historical development of the discipline.
In the third chapter, the author confirms the first hypothesis on Morgan – that he has influenced the shaping of the modern ethics of sports contours and field divisions. In order to do that, the author uses six W. J. Morgan's edited anthologies: Sport and the Body: a Philosophical Symposium published in 1979, Philosophic Inquiry in Sport in 1987 and 1995, and Ethics in Sport published in 2001, 2007 and 2017. In them, the author finds Morgan's fourfold division of the fields of the ethics of sport. These four global fields are - competition, enhancements, gender, and social issues. Secondly, the author takes seven different editions of the ethics of sport, which were most considered and accepted in the field, written and edited by J. Parry in 1998, M. McNamee in 1998 and 2010, J. Boxill in 2004, R. Simon in 1998, 2004, 2010, and 2015 and C. Torres and P. Hager in 2015. In them, the author finds very similar field division, with a few differences. Most of them just place more emphasis on specific topics or issues from Morgan's earlier fourfold division.
In the fourth chapter, the author investigates two connected hypotheses on Morgan: on the one hand, that Morgan has introduced normative conception of internalism to sports philosophy, which makes him the 'father of internalism', through introducing A. MacIntyre's views of social practice to sports-philosophy; and on the other hand, that Morgan isn't a conventionalist, but an conventionalistic internalist or even more precise – historicistic conventionalist internalist.
The author introduces the formalist and conventionalist account of sport, together with their problems, as a logical and necessary introduction to internalism. Secondly, the author presents three variants of internalism – W. J. Morgan's 'MacIntyre internalism', J. S. Russell's 'interpretivism' and R. L. Simon's 'broad internalism'. Morgan's conception leans on MacIntyre's distinctions between social institutions and social practice, and internal and external goods and values of social practices. In that way, the author confirms his first hypothesis that Morgan has turned the course of development of the sports-philosophy discipline, which from this moment on considers sport as a specific form of social practice that has its own specific internal goods and values. Thirdly, the author also confirms the second hypothesis by presenting Morgan's invocation of conventionalism to contextualize, historicize and socialize interpretivism or broad internalist abstract rational account of sport. In that way, Morgan has started and developed his 'historicistic conventionalist internalism’.
In the fifth chapter, the author provides the rationale for the fourth hypothesis on Morgan - that sport-practice community is the key solutions for all the problems of contemporary sports. In that regard, the author presents something that can be called 'Morgan's economic ethics of sport' presented mostly in the book Why Sport Morally Matters. Namely, Morgan detects sports practice communities as carriers of the internal goods and values of sport, together with history and ethos of sport. Morgan describes the case of sport in the United States of America and the penetration process of big capital into it. Morgan sees the domination of market economy in sport, together with the commodification of sport (its transformation into commodities for market economic gains), as the main threat to the integrity of contemporary sport, especially in the moral sense. The only solution, in Morgan's view, is the turn towards sport-practice communities, which is the only element of contemporary sport not subject to corruption, and this is a healthy root to turn to or the foundation to build upon. These communities should operate through deliberation process, which respects sports history, developed and accepted ethos, and social context.
In the sixth chapter, the author proposes three hammer stones to properly evaluate and understand Morgan's work in the philosophy and ethics of sport. First, the rejection of all universal ethical positions for being too abstract. Second, the ethnocentric perspective or requirement to always take into account social context and developed ethos when reflecting about sports or developing ethical or philosophical investigations or positions. Third, intramural perspective or the claim to develop all the normative principles within the sports practice among sports practitioners, and not otherwise.
Finally, despite the fact that Morgan made many contributions to the field of philosophy and ethics of sport, the most problematic seems to be the level of originality of them. Namely, his most important and the most recognizable contributions – introducing the distinction between internal and external values in sport and making emphasis on internal ones, on the one hand, and usage of famous expressions “gratuitous logic of sport“, which perfectly describes sport, are not his, but borrowed from MacIntyre and Suits
Neki osobni prediktori suicidalnosti studenata
Full text linkCilj ovog istraživanja je bio ispitati odnos razmišljanja o samoubojstvu, osobina
ličnosti i razloga za život kod studentica. Kao mjera za ispitivanje razmišljanja o
samoubojstvu se koristio Upitnik razmišljanja o samoubojstvu za odrasle (ASIQ, Reynolds
1991), a za procjenu važnosti pojedinih razloga za život Upitnik razloga za život za studente
(CSRLI, Westefeld i sur., 1992), koji su prevedeni na hrvatski jezik. U prvom dijelu
istraživanja, u kojem je sudjelovalo 374 sudionika (72 studenta i 302 studentice), pristupilo se
psihometrijskoj provjeri tih dvaju mjera. Eksploratornom faktorskom analizom je potvrđena
jednofaktorska struktura ASIQ upitnika, dok je kod CSRLI upitnika izlučeno 5 faktora,
odnosno jedan manje u odnosu na izvornu verziju. U drugom dijelu istraživanja, u kojem je
sudjelovalo 245 studentica, za ispitivanje osobina ličnosti je primijenjena hrvatska verzija
upitnika IPIP-50 (Mlačić i Goldberg, 2007) te Upitnik općih podataka. Analizom varijance je
utvrđeno da studentice s manjom učestalošću razmišljanja o samoubojstvu razloge za život na
podljestvicama Vjerovanje o preživljavanju i suočavanju, Briga za studij i budućnost,
Moralno protivljenje i Odgovornost prema obitelji i prijateljima procjenjuju značajno
važnijim za nepočinjenje samoubojstva od studentica s većom učestalošću razmišljanja o
samoubojstvu. Također, utvrđeno je da studentice s manjom učestalošću razmišljanja o
samoubojstvu postižu značajno veće rezultate na dimenzijama ekstraverzije i emocionalne
stabilnosti u odnosu na studentice s većom učestalošću razmišljanja o samoubojstvu. Nadalje,
kao značajni prediktori u objašnjenju varijance razmišljanja o samoubojstvu su se pokazali
emocionalna stabilnost te podljestvice CSRLI upitnika – Vjerovanje o preživljavanju i
suočavanju te Moralno protivljenje. Ekstraverzija, savjesnost i ugodnost su bile povezane sa
svim podljestvicama CSRLI, osim sa podljestvicom Straha od samoubojstva i socijalnog
neodobravanja. Emocionalna stabilnost je bila povezana sa podljestvicama Vjerovanje o
preživljavanju i suočavanju te Moralno protivljenje.The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between suicidal ideation,
personality traits and the reasons for living among students. Adult Suicidal Ideation
Questionnaire (ASIQ, Reynolds 1991) was used as a measure for examining the suicidal
ideation, and College Students' Reasons for Living Inventory (CSRLI, Westefeld et al., 1992)
was used for the assessment of importance of the individual reasons for living, and both of
them were translated in Croatian. In the first part of the study, in which 374 participants (72
male students and 302 female students) took part in, the psychometric evaluation of two
measures was carried out. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the one-factor structure of
ASIQ, while 5-factors were extracted in CSRLI, i.e., one less compared to the original
version. In the second part of the study, in which 245 female students participated, among
ASIQ i CSRLI, the Croatian version of International Personality Item Pool – IPIP 50 (Mlačić
i Goldberg, 2007) was used for the investigation of personality traits, along with some of
sociodemographic data. One-way ANOVA showed that the female students with less
frequency of suicidal ideation, the reasons for living on the subscales Survival and Coping
Beliefs, College and Future-Related Concerns, Moral Objections and Responsibility to
Friends and Family evaluate significantly more important for not committing the suicide
compared to the female students with more frequency of suicidal ideation. Also, there was
established that the female students with less frequency of suicidal ideation achieved
significantly higher results at the dimensions of extraversion and emotional stability in
relation to the female students with more frequency of suicidal ideation. Further, it was shown
that emotional stability and CSRLI subscales – Survival and Coping Beliefs and Moral
Objections are significant predictors in explaining the variance of the suicidal ideation.
Extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness were related with all CSRLI subscales,
except with the subscale Fear of Suicide and Social Disapproval. Emotional stability was
related with the subscales Survival and Coping Beliefs and Moral Objections
Ženy-spisovateľky v období slovenského realizmu
Full text linkStoljećima slovački narod nije imao uvjete da se samostalno razvija i razvija vlastitu kulturu i književnost. To se počelo mijenjati tijekom slovačkog nacionalnog pokreta u 19. stoljeću kada su se Slovaci počeli boriti za vlastite ciljeve. Slovački pisci u razdoblju realizma izražavaju ljubav prema svojoj zemlji i naciji. Realizam u Slovačkoj razvio se u dva dijela. Prvi put u slovačkoj javnosti žene su počele pisati. Naročito na početku realizma ženske su književnice bile aktivne ne samo u književnosti, već i na poljima politike, kulture i drugih. Među najuspješnijim ženskim piscima su Terézia Vans i Elena Maróthy Šoltés. Osnivani su prvi slovački časopisi u kojima su žene podržavale njihov rad. Zahvaljujući promjenama koje su slovačke spisateljice donijele tijekom realizma, čime je bio olakšan put razvoja aktivnosti drugih žena ali i zahvaljujući naporima svih slovačkih pisaca. Realizam je općenito poboljšao situaciju ne samo u književnosti nego i u cijeloj zajednici.Slovenský národ storočiami nemal podmienky, aby bol samostatný a aby rozvíjal vlastnú kultúru a literatúru. To sa začalo meniť počas slovenského národného hnutia v 19. storočí, keď Slováci začali bojovať o vlastné ciele. V období realizmu slovenskí spisovatelia vyjadrovali lásku k svojej krajine a národu. Realizmus sa na Slovensku rozvíjal v dvoch častiach. Prvý krát v slovenskej verejnosti začali písať ženy. Hlavne na začiatku realizmu ženy-spisovateľky boli aktívne nielen v literatúre, ale chceli vzdelávať slovenské ženy v oblastiach politiky, kultúry a iného. Medzi najúspešnejšie ženy-spisovateľky patria Terézia Vansová a Elena Maróthy Šoltésová. Oni boli úspešné nielen v literatúre ale aj založili prvé slovenské časopisy, v ktorých poučovali ženy a podporovali ich činnosť.
Vďaka zmenám, ktoré priniesli slovenské ženy-spisovateľky v čase realizmu už bolo ľahšie rozvýjať činnosť iných žien, a vďaka úsiliu všetkých spisovateľov slovenského
realizmu sa celkovo zlepšila situácia nielen v literatúre, ale aj v celom spoločenstve
Muško-ženski odnosi u prozama Milana Kundere
Full text linkTema ovog rada su muško-ženski odnosi u djelima Milana Kundere napisanim u originalu na češkom jeziku. Muško-ženski odnosi analizirani su kroz tri kategorije: odnosi moći, odnosi prema tijelu i seksualni odnosi. Odnosi moći u Kunderinim romanima odgovaraju odnosu dominacije muškaraca i subordinacije žena, što odgovara odnosima moći u patrijarhalnom društvu. Dualizam duše i tijela usko je vezan uz ženske likove. Žene su najčešće opsjednute svojim tijelom, u pozitivnom ili negativnom smislu i odnos prema tijelu definira njih i njihov odnos s muškarcima. U seksualnim odnosima junaci žele apsolutnu moć nad ženama ili ljubavnicama što postižu nasiljem ili naređivanjem. Muški užitci su kratki i prolazni, dok žene mogu uživati čitavim svojim bićem.Tématem této práce je vztah mužů se ženami v dílech Milana Kundery napsaných v češtině. Vztah mužů se ženami analyzuje se třemi kategoriemi: rovnováhou moci, vztahem k tělu a sexuálními vztahy. Rovnováha moci v dílech Kundery týká se dominancí mužů a podřízeností žen, což odpovídá patriarchální společnosti. Dualismus duše a těla je úzce spojen s ženskými postavami. Protože jsou ženy tělem posedlé, jak pozitivně, tak i negativně, jejichž vztah k tělu určí je a její vztah s mužem. V sexuálních vztazích hrdina je dominantou, která chce mít moc nad ženou nebo milenkou. Tohoto dosahuje násilím a nařízením. Muže to uspokojí jen krátce a je to dočasné, ale ženy se těší celou svou bytostí
