University of Zagreb
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Untersuchung von Konkretheit an der Abteilung für Germanistik der Philosophischen Fakultät in Zagreb
Full text linkDer Spracherwerb ist ein linguistisches Thema, mit dem sich schon eine längere Zeit die Sprachwissenschaftler beschäftigen. Die Studien über den Sprahherwerb nahmen Ender 50er Jahre äußerst zu, als die generative Grammatik ins Spiel kam. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Forschung bzw. Diplomarbeit stehen der Spracherwerb - sowohl der L1- als auch der L2-Sprachen - dann die Frage, inwiefern der Spracherwerb und die generative Grammatik (geanuer gesagt, die Universalgrammatik) verbunden sind und die Frage, wie das alles mit dem mentalen Lexikon in Verbindung steht. Außerdem liegt der Fokus auf der Analyse einzelner Untersuchungen, die der Theorie zugute kommen, dass die bestimmten Prinzipien sowohl bei dem L1-Spracherwerb als auch bei dem L2-Spracherwerb übereinstimmen könnten, und dass das mentale Lexikon in beiden Fällen gleich sein kann, in Bezug auf die vorher genannte Art des Spracherwerbs. Die Untersuchung, die unter den Studierenden des ersten und fünften Studienjahres des Germanistikstudiums an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Zagreb durchgeführt wurde, bestätigte die ursprünglichen Hypothesen und entlarvte noch einige interessante Besonderheiten, die man erklären versuchte
Processing Croatian Aspectual Derivatives
Full text linkThe main objective of this paper is to detect and describe major derivational processes and affixes used in the derivation of aspectually connected Croa-tian verbs. This kind of analysis is enabled by previous detection of verbal derivational families, i.e. families of verbs with the same root as well as the derivational affixes they contain. Using NooJ, we automatically detect such derivational processes and assign the aspectual tag to derivatives. The proce-dure is based on the list of selected base forms and derivatives, on the list of derivational affixes and their allomorphs, and on the set of derivational rules. For this objective we selected 15 verbal derivational families comprising app. 250 derivatives in total. The output is being used for the development of a large on-line database of Croatian aspectual pairs, triples and quadruplets. Such a resource will be valuable for various research works in lexicology and lexicography
Traditional architecture of the Srijem area – protection and preservation in contemporary context
No full textU radu se predstavlja tradicijska arhitektura Srijema, najistočnije hrvatske regije, na primjeru ukupno pet naselja: Ilok, Bapska, Šarengrad, Mohovo i Tovarnik. Kroz pregled razvoja naselja te oblika stambene arhitekture i gospodarskih zgrada ustanovljuju se tradicijske značajke arhitekture ovog područja. Suvremeno stanje prikazano je kroz izvještaj s terena te ukazivanjem na izmjene i odstupanja od tradicijskih karakteristika koje se događaju uslijed društvenih i gospodarskih promjena. Raspravlja se o problematici velikog broja napuštenih kuća, prilagodbi tradicijske arhitekture modernim standardima stanovanja te njene prenamijene u turističke svrhe kroz konkretan primjer ugostiteljskog objekta. Cilj diplomskog rada bio je potaknuti svijest o važnosti zaštite ovog dijela kulturne baštine i afirmacija Srijema kao regije na rubu znanstvenih zanimanja.This thesis presents the traditional architecture of Srijem, the region of east Croatia, on the example of villages Bapska, Šarengrad, Mohovo, Tovarnik and the city of Ilok. The traditional features of the architecture of this area are shown through the survey of the development of settlements and of the forms of residential and other buildings. The current situation is presented through a field report and by pointing to changes and deviations from the traditional characteristics that occur due to social and economic changes. The issue of a large number of abandoned houses, the adaptation of traditional architecture to modern standards of living and its transformation into tourism purposes are discussed. The aim of this thesis was to raise awareness of the importance of protecting this part of the cultural heritage and affirming Srijem area as a region in scientific researches
Comparison of the concept of compassion on the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer and Buddhism
Full text linkKoncept suosjećanja je na Zapadu, kao tema filozofije, sustavno stavljan u stranu. Cilj je ovoga diplomskoga rada prikazati koncept suosjećanja kako ga je shvatio Arthur Schopenhauer te ga usporediti sa suosjećanjem kako se poima u buddhizmu gdje se taj koncept uzima kao kardinalna vrlina. Rad započinje istraživanjem o utjecaju indijske misli na Schopenhauera koji je već od 1814. bio u doticaju sa istočnjačkim idejama. Schopenhauerove najvažnije retke o suosjećanju, moralu i etici nalazimo u spisu „O temelju morala“. Buddhistički vrijednosni sustav izuzetno je racionalistički (kardinalna vrlina mudrosti), ali počiva na suosjećanju. Pregledom, analizom i usporedbom shvaćanja koncepta suosjećanja pokazat će se moguće sličnosti i razlike.The concept of compassion, as a topic in philosophy, has been sistematically put aside by the Western philosophical tradition. Aim of this master's thesis is to present the concept of compassion as it was understood by Arthur Schopenhauer and compare it with the compassion as seen in Buddhism where it is considered as one of the cardinal virtues. The research begins with the influence of Indian thought on Arthur Schopenhauer who was in contact with the ideas from the East as early as 1814. Schopenhauer's most essential writings on compassion, morality and ethics are found in his essay „On the basis of morality“. The Buddhist value system is rationalistic (the cardinal virtue of wisdom) but based on the concept of compassion. The overview, analysis, and comparison between the two understandings of compassion will show their possible similarities and differences
Jezične ideologije u poučavanju engleskog jezika
Full text linkIdeologies can be defined as systems of common-sensical ideas and beliefs. They become common sense by being reproduced by institutions. The aim of this study is to identify and examine language ideologies found in English classrooms in Croatia, focusing particularly on the influence teachers have had on their students’ later attitudes to the foreign language. The method that has been used to gain the data is the semi-structured interview. The participants’ responses show that they have encountered and adopted three major types of language ideologies. The first is the ideology of the standard language. The participants find the standard to be a more prestigious variety. The second ideology is the ideology of the native speaker, which is reflected in the participants’ view of the native speaker as an authority on language. The third group of ideologies on which the participants’ answers have been collected are different ideologies concerning code-switching. The participants mostly favour the ideologies of monoglossia and monolingualism, that is, the exclusive use of English in the classroom. Moreover, they believe that their former teachers’ attitudes, that is, displays of language ideologies, are pedagogically justified because they facilitate language progress
Enriched compositionality of the argument structure of Croatian and Slovenian verbs
Full text linkU ovome se radu na temelju uporabnih pristupa jeziku teorijsko-metodološkim okvirom konstrukcijske gramatike istražuju načini modeliranja značenja u slučajevima kršenja kanonske argumentne strukture faznih glagola. Kršenje kanonske argumentne strukture faznih glagola obrađujemo u okviru Jackendoffova (1997) pojma obogaćene kompozicionalnosti koji podrazumijeva mogućnost prizivanja značenja koje sintaktički nije prisutno kao u primjeru započeti knjigu u kojem fazni glagol određuje fazu glagolskoga procesa koji u tom primjeru izostaje, stoga ga je potrebno prizvati. Istraživanje je pokazalo da na priziv implicitnih predikata snažno utječe značenje rečeničnoga subjekta, objekta, ali i shematiziranoga značenja same konstrukcije koja doprinosi širenju ili sužavanju raspona mogućih predikata.
U radu je nakon definiranja pojmova i teorijskih pristupa relevantnih za ovo istraživanje provedena usporedna analiza faznih glagola u hrvatskome i slovenskome jeziku na temelju dostupnih priručnika i korpusne analize. Zatim su korpusnom pretragom ekstrahirani primjeri rečenica s nedogađajnim dopunama (kuhinja, kuća, knjiga i ručak) te je provedeno označavanje njihovih implicitnih predikata kako bi se ispitao teorijski dominantan model tumačenja pojave značenjskoga obogaćivanja strukturom kvalije imenice u dopuni koji proizlazi iz teorije generativnoga leksikona (Pustejovsky 1995).
Opisana su dva eksperimenta koja su provedena s izvornim govornicima hrvatskoga jezika. U prvom je eksperimentu ispitan stupanj prihvatljivosti rečenica s faznim glagolima i implicitnim dopunama. Sljedeći je eksperiment pokazao utjecaj triju faktora na interpretaciju rečenica: subjekta, objekta i konstrukcije. U završnom dijelu raspravlja se o mogućnosti konstrukcijskih pristupa da zajedno s modelom znanja o tipičnim događajima ponude model koji bi mogao adekvatnije opisati mogućnosti priziva implicitnih značenja u konstrukcijama s faznim glagolima i nedogađajnim dopunama.The aim of this dissertation was to analyze the category of aspectual verbs in Croatian and Slovene with regards to their semantic contribution to aspectual constructions. Following Jackendoff's enriched compositionality (1997) the thesis explores the modelling of the meaning of the non-canonical argument structure of the aspectual verbs (e.g. početi, nastaviti, završiti) with nouns denoting entities in Croatian and Slovenian.
Issues raised by this phenomena are discussed, particularly with respect to different generative and cognitive approaches. The fundamental idea of the thesis is that the meaning of the aspectual construction with non-canonical argument structure should be modelled from the usage-based perspective.
The study of aspectual verbs in Croatian and Slovenian was carried out on the basis of their description in Croatian and Slovenian grammars and dictionaries. Since usage-based methodology lies on the use of corpora for the linguistic analysis, we have conducted the comparative corpus analysis of the aspectual verbs and their complementation using Croatian and Slovenian web corpora hrWaC and slWaC.
Sentences with aspectual verbs in the non-canonical argument structure with four nouns (kuća, kuhinja, knjiga and ručak for Croatian; hiša, kuhinja, knjiga and kosilo for Slovenian) in accusative and instrumental case have been annotated to analyze the range of implicit meanings of constructions. The goal of this analysis was to test the adequacy of the General lexicon theory (Pustejovsky 1995) for modelling the meaning of enriched compositionality. This analysis has shown that the theory is not capable of determining all the implicit meanings of constructions and that it should be replaced by other models that are able to capture wider range of implicit meaning.
In order to experimentally approach this phenomena, two sets of experiments have been carried out. First, acceptability judgement that tested the acceptability of constructions with non-canonical argument structure. The results have shown that constructions with aspectual verbs (završiti and končati; "finish") and complements that denote entities were more acceptable than constructions with other aspectual verbs. Constructions with Croatian and Slovenian verb nastaviti/nadaljevati (engl. to continue) were rated as the least acceptable in the research. This results are compatible with the results of the corpora analysis according to which constructions with this verb are the least present in both languages. In the second experiment, participants had to list implicit meanings of the aspectual constructions with missing verbs. This experiment has shown that the meaning of aspectual constructions with non-canonical argument are severely influenced by the meaning of the sentence subject (male, female), meaning of the object and the meaning of the construction itself. The experiment has shown that meanings of constructions with instrumental complements even are harder to model using the Pustejovsky's framework.
Based on the relevant theoretical literature and results obtained by the corpus analysis and two experiments, dissertation proposes the use of a construction-based approach combined with the generalized event knowledge model for the interpretation of enriched compositionality of the constructions with aspectual verbs and non-canonical arguments
C. S. Lewis: Biblical Motifs in The Chronicles of Narnia
Full text linkBiblijski sloj jedan je od najsnažnije prisutnih slojeva u Kronikama iz Narnije književnika i medievista C. S. Lewisa i to ponajviše na razini motiva. Nekoliko se slojeva provlači kroz svih sedam dijelova Kronika iz Narnije, a to su: Biblija, usmenoknjiževni i mitološki motivi, kršćanstvo, antika, srednjovjekovlje i kritika modernog školstva. U Kronikama se ti slojevi često preklapaju. Biblijski motivi najzastupljeniji su u Lavu, Vještici i ormaru, Čarobnjakovu nećaku i Posljednjoj bitci, a manje su prisutni u ostalim dijelovima serijala. Roman Lav, Vještica i ormar pun je poveznica s Isusovom mukom i smrću i to najviše s Evanđeljem po Marku, Čarobnjakov nećak s Knjigom Postanka, a Posljednja bitka s Otkrivenjem. Mnogi autori pokušali su bezuspješno povezati ove romane u niz, redovito preko biblijskih i kršćanskih motiva. Iako pokušaji nisu donijeli rješenje povezivanja dijelova, otkrilo se koliko je prisutan sloj srednjovjekovnih motiva. Rad je kritički utvrdio prisutnost biblijskih motiva.The biblical subtext present in The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis, a writer and medievalist, is one of the most striking and palpable subtexts in the entire series. Several subtexts are present in all seven parts of The Chronicles, including the Bible, oral tradition, mythological motifs, Christianity, antiquity, medievality, and the criticism of contemporary education. In The Chronicles these layers often overlap. Biblical motifs are most frequent in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Magician’s Nephew, and The Last Battle, and appear to a lesser extent in other parts of the saga. The novel The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is brimming with references to Christ’s passion and death, mostly according to the Gospel by Mark; The Magician’s Nephew correlates with the Genesis and The Last Battle with the Book of Revelation. Many authors have unsuccessfully tried to link these novels together, most often through biblical or Christian motifs. Although no firm solution to the problem exists, it has been established that medieval motifs are ubiquitously present in The Chronicles. This work analyses and confirms the presence of the biblical motifs in the saga
Il Sud nel cinema di Luchino Visconti
Full text linkLa presente tesi di laurea è uno studio di caso che esamina il modo in cui il regista italiano Luchino Visconti tratta la questione meridionale nei suoi film. Il termine Sud qui si riferisce a un costrutto discorsivo e culturale con il quale viene denominato un territorio non geografico, ma immaginario. Questo territorio comprende l’insieme dei tratti che lo fanno diverso, il più spesso nel senso negativo, dal resto dell’Italia. Arretratezza, superstizione, analfabetismo, inferiorità e sporcizia sono solo alcuni degli stereotipi attribuiti ai meridionali. Gli stereotipi cambiano con il tempo: il Mezzogiorno viene visto in vari periodi come un problema culturale, razziale, ideologico, o economico. Il modo di vedere il Sud cambia, ma gli stereotipi prodotti dai discorsi su di esso rimangono fino a oggi nel conscio collettivo italiano. Visconti tratta il tema della questione meridionale in tre film: La terra trema (1948), Rocco e i suoi fratelli (1960) e Il Gattopardo (1963). Due di questi film sono ambientati al Sud e uno rappresenta il Sud visto dal Nord. Visconti vede la questione meridionale come un problema ideologico, un problema di classe. Sulle tracce del pensiero di Antonio Gramsci, lui offre una visione del Sud come esempio della disgregazione sociale provocata da fattori storici, politici, culturali ed economici.
La prima parte della tesi di laurea si concentra sulla questione meridionale e il suo sviluppo storico. Si spiega brevemente che cosa si intende sotto il sintagma “la questione meridionale” e lo si paragona al concetto dell’orientalismo e alla nozione dell’alterità intesa come un fenomeno sociale. Segue poi un riassunto del suo sviluppo storico. Viene spiegato come è nato il concetto del Mezzogiorno, e come esso veniva rappresentato in vari periodi dall’Unità d’Italia fino a oggi. Si dedica una speciale attenzione al Sud di Antonio Gramsci, perché il suo pensiero ha lasciato un forte impatto su Luchino Visconti, il che è visibile in tutti e tre i film analizzati. Dare questa breve introduzione storica è una cosa importante per mostrare i meccanismi attraverso i quali si è creata la questione meridionale, ma anche per rendersi conto che l’alterità del Mezzogiorno è un costrutto inventato da diversi centri di potere.
La seconda parte della tesi di laurea offre un’analisi dei film di Visconti legati alla questione meridionale. Essa inizia con un breve capitolo sul Sud nel cinema di Luchino Visconti, che serve come introduzione all’analisi dei film. In esso si spiega come Visconti, una persona di nobile famiglia aristocratica, è venuto ad interessarsi delle classi subalterne del Sud Italia. Si spiega la sua maturazione culturale, ma anche politico-ideologica, nell’ambito culturale prima quello parigino, e poi romano. Segue poi l’analisi dei film. Il primo La terra trema (1948) offre una visione della disgregazione sociale al Sud provocata dalla mancanza di solidarietà tra i pescatori. In esso Visconti, rievocando l’ideologia di Gramsci, dimostra come i pescatori siciliani rimangono soggiogati perché nella loro mente non esiste la coscienza di classe, il che porta alla disgregazione sociale. Il secondo film, Rocco e i suoi fratelli (1960), ambientato al Nord, parla della migrazione interna dei meridionali negli anni del miracolo economico in Italia. Visconti dà un altro punto di vista sulla migrazione, diverso da quello che all’epoca si offriva al pubblico. Con Rocco, lui critica lo Stato italiano che continua a trattare il Sud e il suo popolo con negligenza. L’ultimo film analizzato, Il Gattopardo (1963), narra il momento dell’Unità d’Italia attraverso la decadenza di una classe, quella aristocratica, e l’ascesa dell’altra, borghese. Ne Il Gattopardo Visconti offre un’altra versione dell’Unità, dimostrando il periodo del trasformismo come il tradimento degli ideali della Resistenza, rievocando di nuovo il pensiero di Gramsci che vedeva il Risorgimento come la “rivoluzione mancata”.
Lo scopo della presente tesi di laurea è di esaminare i modi in cui Visconti rappresenta la questione meridionale nei suoi film. Per lui, tutti i problemi italiani sono in primo luogo i problemi di carattere sociale. Le differenze tra Nord e Sud Italia lo appassionano, e vede nella questione meridionale una delle fonti principali della sua ispirazione. A capire questo problema in fondo, tra l’altro, Visconti studia il Sud attraverso gli scritti di Antonio Gramsci. Ne La terra trema viene rievocato il pensiero gramsciano sulla disgregazione sociale al Sud provocata dalla mancanza di solidarietà tra i pescatori, nel Rocco e i suoi fratelli il bisogno che i contadini e gli operai si uniscano per risolvere i loro problemi, tra i quali anche la questione meridionale, e ne Il Gattopardo l’interpretazione del momento chiave storico italiano dell’Unità d’Italia come il tradimento dei valori garibaldini
Genocide in Tasmania and Rohan Wilson's The Roving Party
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to elucidate how the process of the colonisation of Tasmania in the
nineteenth century led to a gradual disintegration of its native inhabitants, the Aboriginal
Tasmanians, and ended up with an alleged extinction of an entire race.
The paper describes conditions on the Tasmanian frontier, and moments of fierce violence that
eventually led to such an outcome, and places it in the context of the violence committed by the
settlers in the whole of Australia, showing that there existed a pattern. What is elaborated further
is how the violence in Tasmania came to be represented in historiography, from the discourses
that saw Tasmania as the site of the extinction of a weaker race to the notion of Tasmania as a
site of genocide committed by the British Empire. Fierce debates, especially in the last 40 years,
point to the issues in defining Tasmania as a site of genocide, and whether such a definition can
be applied in this case. It explains why Tasmania can be seen as a site of genocide, even though
it does not conform entirely to the definition of genocide provided by the UN Convention on
Genocide. The paper further provides an analysis of Rohan Wilson’s The Roving Party, novel
that deals with a particularly violent moment from Tasmania’s history. The analysis of the novel
shows how the events described in the novel can be seen as a part of a bigger process – of the
ongoing process of genocide
Communication-information characteristics of silence in digitally mediated communication
Full text linkU disertaciji se objašnjavaju razlike između interpersonalne komunikacije (IK) i digitalno potpomognute komunikacije (DPK), te model hiperpersonalne komunikacije (HK) i model digitalno posredovane šutnje (DPŠ), uz posebnosti šutnje u DPK. Objašnjeni su rezultati preliminarnog istraživanja i glavnog empirijskog istraživanja o šutnji u DPK, sa 3 istraživačka pitanja, uz 9 hipoteza i potvrđenom nultom hipotezom. Međunarodno istraživanje je provedeno u RH, BiH i RS, sa 303 ispitanika. Detektirani su smjerovi budućih istraživanja. Znanstveni doprinos disertacije u području informacijskih i komunikacijskih znanosti jest spoznajno određenje HK kao novog oblika DPK, te znanstveno određenje informacijsko-komunikacijskih obilježja DPŠ, a ostali znanstveni doprinosi su: Ovo je prvi znanstveni rad u Hrvatskoj koji se bavi DPŠ, na ovakav način. Utvrđena je dominacija DPK u suvremenom poslovnom okruženju, te prednosti i nedostaci DPK, otkriveni su pojavni oblici DPŠ, kao i njezina komunikacijsko-informacijska obilježja. Znanstveno je utvrđeno da je šutnja komunikatora u DPK neosviještena i da edukacija komunikatora znatno pomaže njezinom osvještavanju i poboljšanju. Dokazano je da se u DPK šutnja više koristi, ali i zlorabi te služi za manipulaciju. Doktorandica je na temelju preliminarnog istraživanja izradila anketni upitnik kao novi instrument istraživanja.The dissertation explores differences between interpersonal communication (IC) and digitally mediated communication (DMC), model of hyperpersonal communication (HC) and the digitally mediated silence (DMS), with the particularity of silence in DMC. The results of the preliminary research and the main empirical research on silence in the DMC have been explained, with 3 research questions, 9 hypotheses and confirmed zero hypothesis. International research was conducted in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, with 303 respondents. Directions for future research are detected. The scientific contribution of the dissertation in the field of information and communication sciences is the cognitive determination of HC as a new form of DMC and the scientific determination of the information and communication features of DMS, while the other scientific contributions are: This is the first scientific work in Croatia dealing with DMS in this way. The dominance of DMC in the modern business environment was established, and the advantages and disadvantages of the DMC revealed the emerging forms of DMS as well as its communication-information features. It has been scientifically established that the silence of the DMC communicators is unnoticed and that the education of the communicator greatly contributes to its dissemination and improvement. It has been proven that DMC silence is more used, but also abused and serves for manipulation. Based on the preliminary research, the doctoral candidate produced a survey questionnaire as a new research instrument