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Józef Tischner i Leszek Kołakowski wobec teologii wyzwolenia
No full textThe article is devoted to the “meeting of thoughts” of Rev. Prof. Józef Tischner and Prof. Leszek Kołakowski. The meeting of Christian and leftist thought in the context of liberation theology understood not radically, as a South American movement of armed struggle for Christian values, but as actions of leftist ideas in regard to values present among people of the Church. Both Leszek Kołakowski and Józef Tischner have repeatedly taken up themes related to liberation theology. In the article I will define the role and place of both thinkers in relation to the fact of Christianity’s involvement in politics.Artykuł jest poświęcony spotkaniu myśli ks. prof. Józefa Tischnera i prof. Leszka Kołakowskiego. Chodzi o spotkanie myśli chrześcijańskiej i lewicowej w kontekście teologii wyzwolenia, która wszelako nie jest rozumiana radykalnie, jako południowoamerykański ruch zbrojnej walki o wartości chrześcijańskie, ale jako oddziaływanie idei lewicowych na wartości przyjmowane przez ludzi Kościoła. Zarówno Kołakowski, jak i Tischner wielokrotnie podejmowali wątki związane z teologią wyzwolenia. W artykule określam stanowisko obydwu myślicieli wobec faktu zaangażowania chrześcijaństwa w politykę
Diecezja kamieniecka w świetle schematyzmu na 1831 rok (2). Dekanaty, parafie, zakony, kościoły i klasztory
No full textThe presented text is an article describing the administrative structure of the Kamieniec diocese in the light of the schematics published for 1831. It is part of a project aimed at describing the state of the diocese in Russia before the November Uprising, which accelerated the actions of the Russian authorities to limit the activities of the Catholic Church. The text describes the boundaries of the diocese, deanery, parishes, male and female monasteries functioning in the diocese, and the churches functioning at that time. Following the decision of the authorities recognized by the Holy See, the diocese, which was reactivated in 1798, with the capital of Kamieniec Podolski, covered the area of the Podolia governorate. After the occupation of Bessarabia by Russia, its territory was subordinated to the authority of the bishop of Kamieniec (this was the case until the concordat concluded with the Holy See in 1847). In 1798 the diocese was divided into 8 deaneries, and until 1811 their number increased to 10. In the fall of 1830, there were 102 parishes in the diocese (97 in the Podolia province and 5 in Bessarabia). The diocesan clergy ran pastoral ministry and administered a benefice in 80 parishes, religious in 22. There were 29 monasteries and religious houses, 26 male orders and congregations and 3 female orders and congregations.The presented text is an article describing the administrative structure of the Kamieniec diocese in the light of the schematics published for 1831. It is part of a project aimed at describing the state of the diocese in Russia before the November Uprising, which accelerated the actions of the Russian authorities to limit the activities of the Catholic Church. The text describes the boundaries of the diocese, deanery, parishes, male and female monasteries functioning in the diocese, and the churches functioning at that time. Following the decision of the authorities recognized by the Holy See, the diocese, which was reactivated in 1798, with the capital of Kamieniec Podolski, covered the area of the Podolia governorate. After the occupation of Bessarabia by Russia, its territory was subordinated to the authority of the bishop of Kamieniec (this was the case until the concordat concluded with the Holy See in 1847). In 1798 the diocese was divided into 8 deaneries, and until 1811 their number increased to 10. In the fall of 1830, there were 102 parishes in the diocese (97 in the Podolia province and 5 in Bessarabia). The diocesan clergy ran pastoral ministry and administered a benefice in 80 parishes, religious in 22. There were 29 monasteries and religious houses, 26 male orders and congregations and 3 female orders and congregations
Placówka dyplomatyczna Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej w Charkowie. Kościół i protokół przesłuchania w okresie „operacji polskiej” (1937)
No full textIn the proposed article, the author analyzes the operating conditions of the Consulate of the Republic of Poland in Kharkiv during the so-called “Polish operation”. It was initiated in 1937 by the authorities of the Soviet Union and aimed at the extermination of the Polish minority.Among the victims of this action in Kharkiv there were representatives of the Roman Catholic Church and Catholic parishioners, in particular priest Leonard Gashinsky tortured to death. To confirm her conclusions, the author included the record of the interrogation of the priest, which is stored in the funds of the State Archive of Kharkiv region.In the proposed article, the author analyzes the operating conditions of the Consulate of the Republic of Poland in Kharkiv during the so-called “Polish operation”. It was initiated in 1937 by the authorities of the Soviet Union and aimed at the extermination of the Polish minority.Among the victims of this action in Kharkiv there were representatives of the Roman Catholic Church and Catholic parishioners, in particular priest Leonard Gashinsky tortured to death. To confirm her conclusions, the author included the record of the interrogation of the priest, which is stored in the funds of the State Archive of Kharkiv region
Messianism and Modernity. Commentary to the Liturgy of History
No full textIn his recent book Liturgia dziejów [Liturgy of History], Paweł Rojek argues that Karol Wojtyła was to a large extent influenced by Polish Messianism. Although Rojek’s argument centres around this rather historical thesis, his book is essential reading not only for students of John Paul II’s legacy but anyone interested in the relationship between Christianity and modernity. It is so, because Polish Messianism, according to Rojek, was an early project of Christian modernity. By taking inspiration from the Messianists, Wojtyła was able to combine religious perspective with modern anthropocentrism.In his recent book Liturgia dziejów [Liturgy of History], Paweł Rojek argues that Karol Wojtyła was to a large extent influenced by Polish Messianism. Although Rojek’s argument centres around this rather historical thesis, his book is essential reading not only for students of John Paul II’s legacy but anyone interested in the relationship between Christianity and modernity. It is so, because Polish Messianism, according to Rojek, was an early project of Christian modernity. By taking inspiration from the Messianists, Wojtyła was able to combine religious perspective with modern anthropocentrism
Ancora sul concetto di diritto soggettivo nell’ordinamento della Chiesa
No full textThe paper discuses one of the most commented topic in the contemporary science of canon law, that is the bill of subjective rights and obligations set by the ecclesiastical legislator in the Code of canon law for the Western Church. The author analyses the concept of those rights and obligations in the light of the Principles of revision elaborated by the first Synod of Bishops held in 1967. One of the commission’s first actions was to draft a set of principles to guide the work of rethinking the Code, especially the significance of rights and obligations of the Christian faithful. Given the nature of the Catholic Church developed by the Second Vatican Council (communion and participation), the examination of this document let the author to affirm that the main goal was to emphasise the exercise of authority that should have appear more clearly as service and should be free from abuse rather to define and safeguard the rights of persons. Furthermore, it was also possible to determine the correct intention of the Synod Fathers whose idea was to define the subjective rights in term of liberties in the same way in which they are obtainable in catalogues of human rights. Eventually, the author demonstrates consequences related to the new vision of rights and obligations highlighting for example the clear priority of obligations over rights.The paper discuses one of the most commented topic in the contemporary science of canon law, that is the bill of subjective rights and obligations set by the ecclesiastical legislator in the Code of canon law for the Western Church. The author analyses the concept of those rights and obligations in the light of the Principles of revision elaborated by the first Synod of Bishops held in 1967. One of the commission’s first actions was to draft a set of principles to guide the work of rethinking the Code, especially the significance of rights and obligations of the Christian faithful. Given the nature of the Catholic Church developed by the Second Vatican Council (communion and participation), the examination of this document let the author to affirm that the main goal was to emphasise the exercise of authority that should have appear more clearly as service and should be free from abuse rather to define and safeguard the rights of persons. Furthermore, it was also possible to determine the correct intention of the Synod Fathers whose idea was to define the subjective rights in term of liberties in the same way in which they are obtainable in catalogues of human rights. Eventually, the author demonstrates consequences related to the new vision of rights and obligations highlighting for example the clear priority of obligations over rights.Przedmiotem artykułu jest jeden z najbardziej dyskutowanych tematów w kanonistyce posoborowej, tj. podmiotowe prawo osoby ochrzczonej zawarte w przepisach kodeksu prawa kanonicznego z 1983 roku. Poruszana problematyka została poddana analizie w oparciu o zasady rewizji kodeksu wypracowane przez I Synod Biskupów. Autor podkreśla, że zasadniczym zamierzeniem odnowy prawa kościelnego miała być nie tyle pilna konieczność poszerzenia katalogu praw wszystkich wiernych, ile bardziej kwestia sposobu sprawowania władzy rządzenia przez kościelnych przełożonych, którzy winni się wystrzegać arbitralności lub innych form poważnych nadużyć w tym zakresie. W konsekwencji autor wskazuje na przewagę obowiązków nad tzw. prawami i postuluje, by tzw. prawa podmiotowe wyrażać poprzez termin „wolność”, z uwagi na istotę założeń, na których zbudowany jest prawny system Kościoła katolickiego
Duchowny w świetle księgi pokutnej z Paryża
No full textPenitential books which were written in Ireland but were shortly adopted by the whole of Europe are, along sacramentaries, a part of special laws and a means of getting to know the canon law, particularly the criminal law. Their aim was to help confessors unify the way in which penance was administered, as well as how the sacrament of penance and reconciliation was celebrated.The penitential book of Paris which is analyzed in this article, is assumed to have been created around 750 AD and was written on the basis of the oldest penitential book from France i.e. the penitential book of Burgundy (circa 700–725 AD).The article shows that confessors were to analyze the behavior of the penitent – in this case a bishop, priest or deacon – very carefully and responsibly, in order to ensure that they were not a reason of scandals among the faithful of whom they were to take care. Among inappropriate behaviors of the clergymen, the penitential book of Paris speaks in particular about matters related to the protection of the human life, the care of the Holy Sacrament, participation in hunting, overconsumption of alcohol or sexual abuse.Księgi pokutne, które zrodziły się w Irlandii, a w krótkim czasie przyjęły się w całej Europie, wchodzą wraz z sakramentarzami w zbiory tzw. prawa specjalnego i są jednym z pośrednich źródeł poznania prawa kanonicznego, zwłaszcza prawa karnego. Ich podstawowym celem było okazanie pomocy spowiednikom w zakresie ujednolicenia nakładania pokuty, ale także sposobu sprawowania sakramentu pokuty i pojednania.Analizowana księga pokutna z Paryża została opracowana, jak się przyjmuje, około 750 roku, na bazie najstarszego penitencjału pochodzącego z Francji, tj. księgi pokutnej z Burgundii (ok.700–725). Artykuł ukazuje, że spowiednicy mieli w sposób bardzo odpowiedzialny i dokładny rozeznać postępowanie penitenta, którym był biskup, prezbiter lub diakon, aby nie byli oni powodem zgorszenia wśród wiernych, którzy zostali powierzeni ich trosce i opiece. Wśród niewłaściwych postaw duchownych księga pokutna z Paryża mówi zwłaszcza o kwestiach związanych z pozbawieniem życia, brakiem troski o Najświętszy Sakrament, udziałem w polowaniach, nadużywaniem alkoholu, czy też nadużyciach w sferze seksualnej
Całun Turyński a relacje ewangelistów o Męce Pańskiej
No full textAlthough in the light of science it cannot be stated with certainty that the Shroud of Turin is the cloth in which Jesus Christ was wrapped during the burial, by analogy there is a possibility to conduct comparative studies on the Lord’s Passion derived from the Gospels and with the results of research by the syndonologists dealing with scientific analysis of the Shroud. The article is an attempt to compare such the accounts of the Gospel writers with the data from the Shroud of Turin. It seems that there are no contradictions in these data, they even confirm the entire Gospel descriptions. Moreover, these descriptions in many points seem very concise. On the other hand, the study of the Shroud provides many details not mentioned by the Gospel writers.Chociaż w świetle nauki nie można z całą pewnością stwierdzić, że Całun Turyński jest płótnem, w które w czasie pogrzebu był owinięty Jezus Chrystus, to jednak przez analogię można przeprowadzić badania porównawcze danych o Męce Pańskiej wyprowadzonych z Ewangelii z wynikami badań syndonologów zajmujących się analizą naukową Całunu. Artykuł jest próbą takiego właśnie porównania relacji Ewangelistów z danymi z Całunu Turyńskiego. Okazuje się, że nie ma w tych danych żadnych sprzeczności, wręcz pasują one w całości do ewangelicznych opisów. Co więcej, opisy te w wielu punktach są lapidarne. Natomiast badania nad Całunem dostarczają wielu szczegółów, o których ewangeliści nie wspominają
Phenomenon of Melodic Changes in the late Medieval Notation of Jan Olbracht Gradual on the Example of Antiphon ad Mandatum „Si ego Dominus et Magister”
No full textThe article presents melodic transformations of the antiphon ad Mandatum “Si ego Dominus et Magister” recorded in one of the most valuable Polish monuments of the late Middle Ages, Jan Olbracht Gradual (PL-Kk 43, AKKK). The analysis of transformations was carried out on the basis of comparison with adiastematic notation of the discussed antiphon in Hartker Antiphonary (CH-SGs 390) and its melodic restitution in Graduale Novum. Conducted research led to establishing the identity of the version of the antiphon recorded in Olbracht Gradual and identifying basic differences from versions of the chant noted in older manuscripts, such as changes in the relationship between sounds, the use of larger intervals and change in tonal attribution of the antiphon.W artykule przedstawiono przekształcenia melodyczne antyfony ad Mandatum “Si ego Dominus et Magister” zapisanej w jednym z najcenniejszych zabytków polskich późnego średniowiecza, Graduale Jana Olbrachta (Rkp. 43, AKKK). Analizę przekształceń przeprowadzono w oparciu o porównanie z zapisem adiastematycznym omawianej antyfony w Antyfonarzu Hartkera (CH-SGs 390) oraz jego restytucją melodyczną w Graduale Novum. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań ustalono tożsamość wersji antyfony zapisanej w Graduale Olbrachta oraz wyłoniono podstawowe różnice względem starszych wersji zapisu śpiewu, takie jak zmiana relacji między dźwiękami, stosowanie większych interwałów oraz zmiana atrybucji tonalnej antyfony
Żądania „Solidarności” wobec władz komunistycznych dotyczące wolności słowa w radiu i telewizji
No full textDemands of Solidarity against communist authorities concerning freedom of speech on radio and television. Independent Self-governing Trade Union “Solidarity” which was founded in the early 1980s fought for media freedom, eliminating the monopoly of the communist authorities on the radio and television, allowing independent environments to speak, from the beginning of its activity. It started just before the outbreak martial law with demands of free radio and television access for itself and all environments which played important role in public life of the country. During Round Table talks oppositionists demanded liquidation of the Radio and Television Committee and creating media system which would work under social control. The aim of the article is to present findings based on analysis of source materials (official documents, press reports) which were created in the 1980s and referred to opinions and demands of the representatives of Solidarity concerning electronic media pluralism.Żądania „Solidarności” wobec władz komunistycznych dotyczące wolności słowa w radiu i telewizji. Formujący się na początku lat 80. Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy „Solidarność” od pierwszych momentów swojej działalności walczył o wolność mediów, likwidację monopolu władz komunistycznych w radiofonii i telewizji, dopuszczenie do głosu niezależnych środowisk. Rozpoczynał tuż przed wybuchem stanu wojennego od żądań dostępu do radia i telewizji dla siebie oraz dla wszystkich środowisk odgrywających istotną rolę w życiu publicznym kraju. W czasie obrad Okrągłego Stołu opozycjoniści domagali się likwidacji Komitetu do spraw Radia i Telewizji oraz stworzenia systemu mediów poddanego kontroli społecznej. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wyników badań polegających na analizie głównie materiałów źródłowych (oficjalnych dokumentów, doniesień prasowych) wytworzonych w 80. latach, a odnoszących się do poglądów i żądań przedstawicieli „Solidarności” dotyczących pluralizmu w mediach elektronicznych
История Лунинецкого местного самоуправления. 1842–1939 гг.
No full textA local government is an association of persons of public law, based on community of interests of residents of a territory determined as units of the administrative and territorial division. It is regulated and administered by organs chosen by residents on their own territory, under control of suitable government organs within the framework of authorizations determined in state law. It acts in its own name, on its own territory and on its own responsibility. It possesses assets and budget, earnings and expenses. The author of the elaboration set the task of examining of the formation and functioning of local government structures on the example of one region and the city of today’s Belarus – Łuniniec. The territorial range which is the subjcet of considered issues covers the territory of the contemporary Łuninice region of Brzesko district on Belarus, as well the area of the Łuniniec administrative district from times of Poleskie province of the Second Polish Republic. Ideas of the local government, though in a limited meaning, were already put into pratice on the area of Łuniniec in the second half of the XIXth century – czar Alexander II’s reforms: enfranchisement (1861), municipal (1864) and urban (1870), and also in the first half of the XXth century. The work, in the initial conception, was thought as a classical monograph devoted to the formation of Łuniniec local government covering the period of almost a hundred years (1842–1939). It was the time when the contemporary Łuniniec region was, at first, a part of the Russian Empire. Then the region became a part of Poleskie province of the Second Polish Republic.Due to needs of the periodicals the whole material was divided into four readable, in terms of content, compact and separate parts. In the first part the administrative division, territorial and the demographic structure of Łuniniecki territory, history of the local government in the first half of the XIXth century were presented, and also the influence of Russian State reforms that took place in the second half of the XIXth century on its functioning. The activity of the local government within a period of 1917–1919 was also mentioned. The second part presented history of the formation of the local government within the period of the Second Polish Republic, when Łuniniec became a capital of a newly formed Polish territorial unit – Łuniniec province. Issues such as: the administrative territorial division and population of Łuniniec area within a period of the Seconf Polish Republic, creation and organization of the local government in Poleskie province in years 1919–1926, the demographic structure and functioning of the authorities in years 1919–1926 were mentioned. In the next part legal bases on the baisis of which Łuniniec local government functioned in years 1927–1932 were presented as well as its activity in 1926–1933; recordings of law from 23 June, 1933 presenting the partial change of structure of the local government were taken into account. The last part presents refers to problems of legal bases concerning activities of Polish local governments in the 30’s of the XXth century. In this part the author described history of the local government of Łuniniec province in 1934–1939. The fourth part is closed by the summary that refers to the whole material presented in all separated fragments of the monograph of the local government of Łuniniec province in 1842–1939. Maps and illustrations enriching the content and making it easier to understand easier were added to each part, and also the bibliography refering to all contents of four elements of the elaboration.A local government is an association of persons of public law, based on community of interests of residents of a territory determined as units of the administrative and territorial division. It is regulated and administered by organs chosen by residents on their own territory, under control of suitable government organs within the framework of authorizations determined in state law. It acts in its own name, on its own territory and on its own responsibility. It possesses assets and budget, earnings and expenses. The author of the elaboration set the task of examining of the formation and functioning of local government structures on the example of one region and the city of today’s Belarus – Łuniniec. The territorial range which is the subjcet of considered issues covers the territory of the contemporary Łuninice region of Brzesko district on Belarus, as well the area of the Łuniniec administrative district from times of Poleskie province of the Second Polish Republic. Ideas of the local government, though in a limited meaning, were already put into pratice on the area of Łuniniec in the second half of the XIXth century – czar Alexander II’s reforms: enfranchisement (1861), municipal (1864) and urban (1870), and also in the first half of the XXth century. The work, in the initial conception, was thought as a classical monograph devoted to the formation of Łuniniec local government covering the period of almost a hundred years (1842–1939). It was the time when the contemporary Łuniniec region was, at first, a part of the Russian Empire. Then the region became a part of Poleskie province of the Second Polish Republic.Due to needs of the periodicals the whole material was divided into four readable, in terms of content, compact and separate parts. In the first part the administrative division, territorial and the demographic structure of Łuniniecki territory, history of the local government in the first half of the XIXth century were presented, and also the influence of Russian State reforms that took place in the second half of the XIXth century on its functioning. The activity of the local government within a period of 1917–1919 was also mentioned. The second part presented history of the formation of the local government within the period of the Second Polish Republic, when Łuniniec became a capital of a newly formed Polish territorial unit – Łuniniec province. Issues such as: the administrative territorial division and population of Łuniniec area within a period of the Seconf Polish Republic, creation and organization of the local government in Poleskie province in years 1919–1926, the demographic structure and functioning of the authorities in years 1919–1926 were mentioned. In the next part legal bases on the baisis of which Łuniniec local government functioned in years 1927–1932 were presented as well as its activity in 1926–1933; recordings of law from 23 June, 1933 presenting the partial change of structure of the local government were taken into account. The last part presents refers to problems of legal bases concerning activities of Polish local governments in the 30’s of the XXth century. In this part the author described history of the local government of Łuniniec province in 1934–1939. The fourth part is closed by the summary that refers to the whole material presented in all separated fragments of the monograph of the local government of Łuniniec province in 1842–1939. Maps and illustrations enriching the content and making it easier to understand easier were added to each part, and also the bibliography refering to all contents of four elements of the elaboration