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Cerkiew greckokatolicka na Pomorzu Zachodnim ćwierć wieku po akcji „Wisła” w świetle sprawozdań Wydziałów do Spraw Wyznań
No full textThe deportation of the Ukrainian population to former German territoties was to facilitate the process of its assimilation. The religious separateness of the Ukrainian community, among which the Greek Catholics predominated, hindered the implementation of these plans. The religious policy defined by the communist party aimed at the complete liquidation of the Greek Catholic Church by supporting the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church. De-Stalinization, however, liberalized the position towards Greek Catholics. Although state authorities did not legalize this religion, they allowed to organize informal pastoral centers. A quarter of a century after Operation Vistula in Western Pomerania, there were fifteen of them. The existence of Greek Catholic pastoral centers not only crossed out the assumptions of the state’s religious policy, but first of all prevented the assimilation of the Ukrainian population.Textus etThe deportation of the Ukrainian population to former German territoties was to facilitate the process of its assimilation. The religious separateness of the Ukrainian community, among which the Greek Catholics predominated, hindered the implementation of these plans. The religious policy defined by the communist party aimed at the complete liquidation of the Greek Catholic Church by supporting the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church. De-Stalinization, however, liberalized the position towards Greek Catholics. Although state authorities did not legalize this religion, they allowed to organize informal pastoral centers. A quarter of a century after Operation Vistula in Western Pomerania, there were fifteen of them. The existence of Greek Catholic pastoral centers not only crossed out the assumptions of the state’s religious policy, but first of all prevented the assimilation of the Ukrainian population
Pomiędzy Limanową a Gorlicami. Działania wojenne w Galicji Zachodniej od połowy grudnia 1914 r. do końca kwietnia 1915 r. – cz. 2
No full textIn the battle of Jasło and Tarnów at the turn of 1914 and 1915, the victorious Russian troops significantly limited the size of the earlier defeat at Limanowa and Łapanów. The front in Western Galicia stabilized for the next four months, despite the fighting, it did not undergo any major changes. In addition, it became a secondary section, from where both sides moved subsequent troops to the Carpathians. The events described in the text significantly influenced the later victory of the Central Powers in the Battle of Gorlice.In the battle of Jasło and Tarnów at the turn of 1914 and 1915, the victorious Russian troops significantly limited the size of the earlier defeat at Limanowa and Łapanów. The front in Western Galicia stabilized for the next four months, despite the fighting, it did not undergo any major changes. In addition, it became a secondary section, from where both sides moved subsequent troops to the Carpathians. The events described in the text significantly influenced the later victory of the Central Powers in the Battle of Gorlice
L’esperienza di Mons. Boļeslavs Sloskāns nella Russia sovietica attraverso le sue memorie di prigionia (1927–1933)
No full textThis article presents the memories of bishop Bolesław Sloskans from the Soviet labor camps (1927–1933). Marxist ideology regarded religion as the enemy of progress. Therefore, after the Bolsheviks took power, a period of systemic struggle with all its manifestations began. A huge sacrifice, apart from the Orthodox Church, was made by the Roman Catholic Church. Almost all Catholic clergy working in the USSR faced persecution at that time. Among them was also Bishop Bolesław Sloskans, from 1926 apostolic administrator in Belarus with the title of apostolic inspector of the Mogilev and Minsk dioceses. He was arrested for the first time in 1927. He was imprisoned for the second time in 1930. He spent six years in exile. He was released in 1933 through an exchange of prisoners from Latvia.This article presents the memories of bishop Bolesław Sloskans from the Soviet labor camps (1927–1933). Marxist ideology regarded religion as the enemy of progress. Therefore, after the Bolsheviks took power, a period of systemic struggle with all its manifestations began. A huge sacrifice, apart from the Orthodox Church, was made by the Roman Catholic Church. Almost all Catholic clergy working in the USSR faced persecution at that time. Among them was also Bishop Bolesław Sloskans, from 1926 apostolic administrator in Belarus with the title of apostolic inspector of the Mogilev and Minsk dioceses. He was arrested for the first time in 1927. He was imprisoned for the second time in 1930. He spent six years in exile. He was released in 1933 through an exchange of prisoners from Latvia.This article presents the memories of bishop Bolesław Sloskans from the Soviet labor camps (1927–1933). Marxist ideology regarded religion as the enemy of progress. Therefore, after the Bolsheviks took power, a period of systemic struggle with all its manifestations began. A huge sacrifice, apart from the Orthodox Church, was made by the Roman Catholic Church. Almost all Catholic clergy working in the USSR faced persecution at that time. Among them was also Bishop Bolesław Sloskans, from 1926 apostolic administrator in Belarus with the title of apostolic inspector of the Mogilev and Minsk dioceses. He was arrested for the first time in 1927. He was imprisoned for the second time in 1930. He spent six years in exile. He was released in 1933 through an exchange of prisoners from Latvia
Prowincja Polska Towarzystwa Jezusowego (1918–1926)
No full textThe aim of this article is to present the historical outline of the Polish Province of the Society of Jesus in the years 1918–1926. The article will present the following topics: the structure and houses of the provinces, the profiles of the provinces, the number of religious in particular years, and the pastoral work carried out in the province and beyond its territorial borders.The aim of this article is to present the historical outline of the Polish Province of the Society of Jesus in the years 1918–1926. The article will present the following topics: the structure and houses of the provinces, the profiles of the provinces, the number of religious in particular years, and the pastoral work carried out in the province and beyond its territorial borders
„Nada es absoluto, salvo la historia que no evoluciona…”: mnemohistoria w poszukiwaniach intelektualistów iberoamerykańskich
No full textThe article draws attention to the discussion on settling the difficult past of Latin America by presenting three mnemohistoric studies on Cuba, Argentina and El Salvador by Annarella O’Mahona, Daniela Goldfine and Héctor Lindo-Fuentes, Erick Ching and Rafael Lara Martínez. At the same time, he places them in the context of the cultural transformations of the Latin American community in recent decades.The article draws attention to the discussion on settling the difficult past of Latin America by presenting three mnemohistoric studies on Cuba, Argentina and El Salvador by Annarella O’Mahona, Daniela Goldfine and Héctor Lindo-Fuentes, Erick Ching and Rafael Lara Martínez. At the same time, he places them in the context of the cultural transformations of the Latin American community in recent decades
Justice according to Michael J. Sandel
No full textThe concept of justice has been constantly discussed from ancient times to the present day, which shows its importance and complexity. It reveals its diversity in the context of cultural differences, philosophical concepts, ideas and schools of thought. The extremely popular Harvard University professor Michael Sandel also undertook his analysis of the issue of justice. In his articles, books and lectures, he repeatedly addresses the issue of justice, analyzing its development, application and the resulting consequences of its application. At the same time, he does not avoid unambiguous assessments and expressing his opinions. This attitude allows us to discover and analyze his own concept of justice, seen in the perspective of a virtue fulfilling an important role in public life. His reflections on the question of justice reveal the assumptions of a broader philosophical perspective, referred to as communitarianism.Zagadnienie sprawiedliwości jest nieustannie dyskutowane od czasów starożytnych, co może świadczyć o jego znaczeniu i złożoności. Ujawnia swoją różnorodność w kontekście różnic kulturowych, koncepcji filozoficznych, idei i szkół myślenia. Analizy zagadnienia sprawiedliwości podjął się również niezwykle popularny profesor Uniwersytetu Harvarda Michael Sandel. W swoich artykułach, książkach i wykładach wielokrotnie podejmuje on problematykę sprawiedliwości, analizując jej rozwój, zastosowanie i wynikające z tego konsekwencje. Nie stroni przy tym od jednoznacznych ocen i wyrażania opinii. Taka postawa pozwala nam odkryć i przeanalizować jego własną koncepcję sprawiedliwości, widzianej w perspektywie cnoty pełniącej niezwykle ważną rolę w życiu publicznym. W jego refleksji nad zagadnieniem sprawiedliwości wyłaniają się założenia szerszej perspektywy filozoficznej, określanej mianem komunitaryzmu
Kościół i państwo w nauczaniu ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki
No full textThis paper addresses the main issues raised by Fr. Popiełuszko in his homilies given in St. Stanislaus Kostka church, located in the Żoliborz district of Warsaw, throughout the Martial Law period in Poland, along with the significant events in his life in the background. The prominent place among these issues occupied the matter of relationship between Church and communist state. While criticising the most dangerous activities of the official authorities, Fr. Popiełuszko was aware of his being exposed to harassment and even to death. At the same time, he hoped that his standing up for the persecuted and imprisoned was somehow complementary to the “diplomatic” activity undertaken by then Church hierarchs and instrumental in exercising his personal pastoral mission. He regarded Holy Masses for the Motherland and for those who suffered for their country as the necessary instrument of influencing social consciousness and the attempt at national reconciliation. From today’s perspective his heroic deeds must be recognized not only as the expression of deep patriotism but also in terms of religious concept of sacrifice.Artykuł przedstawia – na tle ważnych wydarzeń z biografii ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki – najważniejsze kwestie poruszane przez niego w cyklu homilii wygłaszanych w kościele św. Stanisława Kostki na warszawskim Żoliborzu podczas trwającego w Polsce stanu wojennego. Spośród treści wówczas przez niego formułowanych istotne miejsce zajmowały zagadnienia relacji Kościoła do państwa komunistycznego. Ksiądz Popiełuszko piętnując najgroźniejsze poczynania oficjalnej władzy był świadom, że w ten sposób naraża się na szykany, a nawet śmierć. Miał jednakowoż nadzieję, że stając w obronie prześladowanych i zamykanych w więzieniach dopełnia niejako „dyplomatyczną” aktywność ówczesnych hierarchów Kościoła i zarazem wypełnia osobistą misję duszpasterską. Msze św. za Ojczyznę i tych, którzy dla niej cierpią uznawał przecież za konieczne narzędzie oddziaływania na świadomość społeczną i próbę zawsze możliwego narodowego pojednania. Z dzisiejszej perspektywy należy te heroiczne poczynania uznać za wyraz nie tylko głębokiego patriotyzmu, ale także za znak religijnie pojętej ofiary
Między rygoryzmem a relatywizmem. Aspekty moralne współczesnych homilii
No full textThe message of Jesus Christ is at the very heart of homiletic teachings. The entire moral dimension of Christianity becomes personal and assumes a practical dimension in human conduct. Religion and morality show the novelty of Christianity and place human person in a relation to God, to himself and to the community. Over the centuries, the kerygma remains the core of proclamation, and man’s life situation becomes a space of cooperation with God’s grace. Extreme attitudes of rigorism and relativism result most often from the lack of unity in human attitudes and culture. They are characterized by moralizing and drawing conclusions detached from reality. The way of personal development is to discover the unity in God Himself and the with God. The preacher become a kerix and a mystagogue and draws from sources after the example of Church Fathers. Moral obligations remain distant from human being as long as they do not establish personal relationships.Orędzie Jezusa Chrystusa stoi w centrum nauczania kaznodziejskiego. Cały wymiar moralny w chrześcijaństwie realizuje się w perspektywie osobowej i przybiera praktyczny wymiar w postępowaniu. Religia i moralność pozwala ukazać nowość chrześcijaństwa i miejsce człowieka wobec Boga, wobec siebie i wobec wspólnoty. Na przestrzeni wieków kerygmat pozostaje centrum przepowiadania, a sytuacja życiowa człowieka staje się przestrzenią współpracy z Bożą łaską. Skrajne postawy rygoryzmu i relatywizmu wypływają najczęściej z braku jedności w ludzkich postawach i kulturze. Objawiają się one poprzez moralizowanie i budowanie wniosków oderwanych od rzeczywistości. Drogą rozwoju jest odkrywanie jedności w Bogu i jedności z Bogiem. Kaznodzieja spełnia rolę keryksa i mistagoga i czerpie ze źródeł na wzór ojców Kościoła. Moralne powinności pozostają tak długo odległe od człowieka, jak długo nie nawiązuje on relacji osobowych
Wymiary czasu, dźwięku i ciszy. Krzysztof Penderecki i sacrum
No full textThe article discusses certain aspects of a spiritual dimension in the music of Krzysztof Penderecki, seen from a perspective by himself, inspired by his crucial statements about his own art. “Restoring of the metaphysical space, crushed by the 20th century disasters” requires rethinking the principles of our culture as well as seeking new artistic means of expression. The author, referring to six decades of Polish Requiem creator’s career, focuses on a few key ideas such as: number and parameter, time and space, metaphysics of sound, ethos of a work of art and holiness present in the music itself. This interpretation aims to throw light on less exposed features of Penderecki’s music. However, in the author’s opinion, these features form its constant and important component through all periods of his artistic biography.Artykuł omawia wybrane aspekty duchowego wymiaru muzyki Krzysztofa Pendereckiego w perspektywie metafizycznej, nakreślonej przez samego kompozytora w wypowiedziach kluczowych dla jego autorefleksji. „Odbudowanie przestrzeni metafizycznej, strzaskanej przez kataklizmy XX wieku” zakłada przemyślenie podstaw dotychczasowej kultury oraz poszukiwanie nowych środków wyrazu. Autor, odnosząc się do ponad sześciu dekad działalności twórcy Polskiego Requiem, skupia się na kilku kluczowych wątkach, takich jak: liczba i parametr, czas i przestrzeń, metafizyka dźwięku, ethos dzieła i sacrum obecne w samej muzyce. Owa interpretacja stara się wydobyć mniej opisywane cechy muzyki Pendereckiego, stanowiące jednak w rozumieniu autora stały i ważny komponent we wszystkich okresach jego twórczości
O historii komunikowania muzyką i jej inspiracjach
No full textThe history and interpretation of musical communication. Music plays one of the central roles in the history of interpersonal communication. From ancient times, various musical forms, simple at first and later more complex, have accompanied man. Musical communication and content differ from other forms of expression in that they are significantly more abstract in transmitting their content and use. This is true not only of the human voice but other natural sounds and musical instruments. The purpose of this paper is to present an emanational analysis of musical sources as proposed by Pope Benedict XVI as well as with selected information relating to sources, musical genres and the history of this form of communication.O historii komunikowania muzyką i jej inspiracjach. Jedną z centralnych ról w historii komunikacji międzyludzkiej pełni muzyka. Z początku proste, a potem coraz bardziej wyszukane formy muzyczne towarzyszą człowiekowi już od starożytności. Muzyczna komunikacja i ekspresja odróżnia się od innych form wyrazu znacznie większą abstrakcyjnością przekazywanych treści oraz wykorzystaniem oprócz głosu ludzkiego, również innych dźwięków naturalnych oraz instrumentów muzycznych. Celem opracowania jest przestawienie emanacyjnej analizy źródeł muzycznych autorstwa papieża Benedykta XVI w zestawieniu z wybranymi informacjami o źródłach, gatunkach muzyki i historii tej formy komunikacji