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The importance of the School of Journalism of the Catholic Church in the system of the reform in Francoist Spain
No full textThis article deals with the issues of educating journalists during the Franco regime in Spain and the place occupied by the School of Journalism of the Catholic Church in this system. The first years of dictatorship were characterized by a strong subordination of education and occupation to the current interests of the state, which regulated access to the profession and education only within the framework of the State School of Journalism. In the second half of the 50’s there was a gradual liberalization of the system, consisting in the gradual admission of other entities to the organization of vocational education of journalists, especially the Catholic Church. This allowed for the launch in 1960 of the School of Journalism of the Catholic Church, the functioning of which was the first manifestation of the regime’s gradual withdrawal from state supervision over the process of educating journalists. The Catholic Church School referred to the pre-war, excellent traditions of the journalism school organized by the Catholic daily El Debate, becoming a kind of counterweight to the regime’s State School of Journalism.The competition between schools (although still slight at that time) contributed to an increase in the quality of education. The emphasis on the completion of general education or the design of curricula taking into account the development of information technology made it possible to equip students with competences required in the labour market, which previously could only be obtained to a greater or lesser extent in practice.This article deals with the issues of educating journalists during the Franco regime in Spain and the place occupied by the School of Journalism of the Catholic Church in this system. The first years of dictatorship were characterized by a strong subordination of education and occupation to the current interests of the state, which regulated access to the profession and education only within the framework of the State School of Journalism. In the second half of the 50’s there was a gradual liberalization of the system, consisting in the gradual admission of other entities to the organization of vocational education of journalists, especially the Catholic Church. This allowed for the launch in 1960 of the School of Journalism of the Catholic Church, the functioning of which was the first manifestation of the regime’s gradual withdrawal from state supervision over the process of educating journalists. The Catholic Church School referred to the pre-war, excellent traditions of the journalism school organized by the Catholic daily El Debate, becoming a kind of counterweight to the regime’s State School of Journalism.The competition between schools (although still slight at that time) contributed to an increase in the quality of education. The emphasis on the completion of general education or the design of curricula taking into account the development of information technology made it possible to equip students with competences required in the labour market, which previously could only be obtained to a greater or lesser extent in practice
Accessing the Political Press of the Second Polish Republic on the Internet
No full textDigital libraries provide an easy and convenient source of data for journalistic academic research. In this paper, the author answers the question of whether the most well-known socio-political Polish press titles published between 1918 and 1939 are available online and to what extent they are fully digitised and accessible in digital libraries. Through media content analysis and the press content analysis methods of Walery Pisarek, all the digital resources available for an ordinary Internet user were browsed. The main role of the analysis was to establish which journals and periodicals were published weekly and as daily newspapers. Also, the nature and political leanings of press publications were taken into consideration (each press title was usually associated with a particular party). At the same time, the texts were profiled as regional, national, Catholic, etc. Finally, an attempt to develop a typology of the given titles is made.Digital libraries provide an easy and convenient source of data for journalistic academic research. In this paper, the author answers the question of whether the most well-known socio-political Polish press titles published between 1918 and 1939 are available online and to what extent they are fully digitised and accessible in digital libraries. Through media content analysis and the press content analysis methods of Walery Pisarek, all the digital resources available for an ordinary Internet user were browsed. The main role of the analysis was to establish which journals and periodicals were published weekly and as daily newspapers. Also, the nature and political leanings of press publications were taken into consideration (each press title was usually associated with a particular party). At the same time, the texts were profiled as regional, national, Catholic, etc. Finally, an attempt to develop a typology of the given titles is made
Biskupi katowiccy o świętowaniu niedzieli podczas pielgrzymek stanowych do Piekar Śląskich po II wojnie światowej
No full textA particularly important issue that needs to be presented is the topic of celebrating Sunday as the Lord’s Day. Contrary to appearances, this topic is still relevant, therefore an attempt has been made to include teaching from the pilgrimages to Piekary Śląskie. This term should be understood as the state pilgrimages of adult and young men which takes place on the last Sunday of May and the pilgrimages of women and girls that takes place on the Sunday after August 15. The subject of the sacred character of Sunday was discussed by the subsequent bishops of Katowice Herbert Bednorz, Damian Zimoń and Victor Skworc. This was the result of many years of industrial development in this area and the actions of the authorities during the People’s Republic of Poland, which aimed at enslaving people. As was evidenced by the implementation of the four-tiered system of work in the mines, which was officially introduced in 1977. Therefore, during the pilgrimages, the famous slogan „God’s Sunday and Ours” was created. After the transformations of 1989, the archbishops Damian Zimoń and Victor Skworc continued to recall this slogan, opposing the practice of conducting business on Sunday and the creation of new shopping centers. Therefore, they often spoke on behalf of those employed in commerce who did not have time for their family and rest, and were prevented from participating in the Sunday Mass. Despite the enforcement of the Sunday trading ban, this issue is still relevant, as many are looking for ways to circumvent it.Ważnym zagadnieniem wymagającym omówienia jest wątek świętowania niedzieli jako dnia Pańskiego. Wbrew pozorom temat ten nie stracił na aktualności, dlatego też podjęto próbę opracowania uwzględniającą nauczanie biskupów podczas pielgrzymek do Piekar Śląskich. Należą do nich pielgrzymki stanowe mężczyzn i młodzieńców odbywające się w ostatnią niedzielę maja oraz pielgrzymki kobiet i panien organizowane w niedzielę po 15 sierpnia. Temat sakralnego charakteru niedzieli poruszali kolejni biskupi katowiccy: Herbert Bednorz, Damian Zimoń i Wiktor Skworc. W okresie PRL przymus pracy w niedzielę był skutkiem wieloletniego rozwoju przemysłu na Górnym Śląsku oraz działań ówczesnych władz, które dążyły do zniewolenia człowieka. Miał temu służyć czterobrygadowy system pracy w kopalniach, który wprowadzono oficjalnie w 1977 r. W odpowiedzi powstało słynne hasło pielgrzymkowe: „niedziela Boża i nasza”. Po przemianach 1989 r. abp Damian Zimoń i abp Wiktor Skworc nadal przypominali to hasło, sprzeciwiając się praktyce handlu niedzielnego oraz powstawania nowych centrów handlowych. Często przemawiali w imieniu osób zatrudnionych w handlu, które nie miały czasu dla rodziny i na odpoczynek oraz nie mogły uczestniczyć w niedzielnej Mszy Świętej. Mimo wejścia w życie zakazu handlu niedzielnego zagadnienie to nadal jest aktualne, wielu bowiem szuka sposobów jego obejścia
Raport szacowania ryzyka doboru środków bezpieczeństwa
No full textThe article shows the profile of risk management in the range of selection of security solutions.It presents procedures for limiting the risk related to the security of personal data protection in a parish, and in particular defines the methodology and principles of risk management connected with data processing and storage. The analysis of the effects of threats and the likelihood of their occurrence assesses the scale of these effects, indicates examples of threats in the area of information security and selection of security measures, i.e. ways to act in specific situations to prevent their loss. Suggested risk reduction measures can contribute to the organization of a personal data protection system in a parish, especially through a clearly-defined and observed data security system.Artykuł ukazuje zarys zarządzania ryzykiem w zakresie doboru środków bezpieczeństwa. Postuluje procedury w zakresie ograniczania ryzyka względem bezpieczeństwa ochrony danych osobowych w parafii, a w szczególności określa metodykę i zasady zarządzania ryzykiem związanym z przetwarzaniem danych i ich przechowywaniem. Analiza skutków zagrożeń i prawdopodobieństwa ich wystąpienia ocenia skalę tychże skutków, wskazuje na przykładowe zagrożenia na płaszczyźnie bezpieczeństwa informacji oraz dobór środków bezpieczeństwa, czyli sposobów postępowania w konkretnych sytuacjach zapobiegających ich utracie. Sugerowane działania zmniejszające ryzyko mogą przyczynić się do organizacji systemu ochrony danych osobowych w parafii, zwłaszcza przez ściśle określony i przestrzegany system zabezpieczeń danych
George Florovsky’s critique of the Russian eligious-philosophical renaissance: an attempt at evaluation
No full textIn the present paper I present a project of Neopatristic synthesis by prominent Russian thinker Fr. George Florovsky, as well as the main reasons for which he criticised the existing style and direction of development of Russian thought in the form of religious-philosophical renaissance, or “the Silver Age.” By engaging in polemics with Florovsky’s approach, I advance four remarks. First, Florovsky himself was under the influence of the Russian religious-philosophical renaissance. Second, it was not Florovsky who initiated the Patristic studies in Russia, since they had been conducted from the 18th century. Third, the Neopatristic synthesis and the “Silver Age” philosophy could have been perceived as complementary projects rather than contrary in their tenor. Fourth, Florovsky left his own postulate uncompleted. In the concluding part of the paper I compare Florovsky’s and Zenkovsky’s approaches, arguing in favour of the latter thinker.In the present paper I present a project of Neopatristic synthesis by prominent Russian thinker Fr. George Florovsky, as well as the main reasons for which he criticised the existing style and direction of development of Russian thought in the form of religious-philosophical renaissance, or “the Silver Age.” By engaging in polemics with Florovsky’s approach, I advance four remarks. First, Florovsky himself was under the influence of the Russian religious-philosophical renaissance. Second, it was not Florovsky who initiated the Patristic studies in Russia, since they had been conducted from the 18th century. Third, the Neopatristic synthesis and the “Silver Age” philosophy could have been perceived as complementary projects rather than contrary in their tenor. Fourth, Florovsky left his own postulate uncompleted. In the concluding part of the paper I compare Florovsky’s and Zenkovsky’s approaches, arguing in favour of the latter thinker
Wielka lekcja duchowości i humanizmu. Papież Jan Paweł II w siedzibie UNESCO w Paryżu (2 czerwca 1980 roku)
No full textA great lesson of spirituality and humanism. Pope John Paul II at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris (June 2, 1980). The speech given by St. Pope John Paul II at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris on June 2, 1980 has a special place among his numerous addresses concerning culture. Referring to the cultural changes which took place in the last three centuries the pope stood up for the culture, emphasising that in an individual dimension culture represents the constitutive element of life of every man and, correspondingly, in a social dimension it provides a support for self-determination and for the freedom of nations. Formulating such a message, the pope referred to Polish experiences, in order to highlight even stronger the significance and the primacy of a person and to point out the subjective meaning of a nation and the ethical dimension of culture. In the papal message one can also find a call for cultural opposition against contemporary subjectivism and other tendencies heading towards the disinheritance of man and, by the same token, to the shutting of the door of universal horizon of hope and love, which is based on manifold human experiences from the past.Wielka lekcja duchowości i humanizmu. Papież Jan Paweł II w siedzibie UNESCO w Paryżu (2 czerwca 1980 roku). Wśród wielu wypowiedzi papieża św. Jana Pawła II na temat kultury, szczególne miejsce zajmuje przemówienie wygłoszone w siedzibie UNESCO w Paryżu, 2 czerwca 1980 roku. Odnosząc się do przemian kulturowych, które miały miejsce w trzech ostatnich stuleciach, papież na nowo opowiedział się po stronie kultury, podkreślając, że w wymiarze z indywidualnym stanowi ona konstytutywny element życia każdego człowieka, a w wymiarze społecznym daje ona oparcie samostanowieniu i wolności narodów. Formułując takie przesłanie, papież odwołał się do polskich doświadczeń, aby na tym tle jeszcze raz podkreślić znaczenie i prymat osoby oraz wskazać na podmiotowe znaczenie narodu oraz etyczny wymiar kultury. W przesłaniu papieskim znajdujemy także wezwanie do stawienia oporu kulturowego współczesnemu subiektywizmowi i tendencjom zmierzającym do wydziedziczenia człowieka, a tym samym zamknięcia przed nim uniwersalnego horyzontu nadziei i miłości, który opiera się na wielu ludzkich doświadczeniach z przeszłości
Przekład jako świadectwo religijne
No full textTranslation framework of Word Youth Day. This article concerns the issue of translation offered to pilgrims during World Youth Day – religious event organized in July 2016 in Krakow. The paper discusses two kind of religious texts presented during WYD: written – prayers, hymn books and guides given to young Catholics and spoken – Holy Mass, broadcast religious services and meetings with the Holy Father.The paper concerns linguistic analysis of translation of religious vocabulary from Polish to Russian by professional translators and amateurs, who were working in parishes. The article also contains examples of interligual and intersemotic translation and description of work and materials made by parish translators.Переводческое оформление Всемирных Дней Молодёжи. В статье освещается проблема перевода как аспекта оформления международного мероприятия, особенно религиозного характера. Вопрос рассматривается на примере Всемирных Дней Молодёжи, т.е. встречи молодых католиков с папой римским, которая прошла летом 2016 года в Кракове. В качестве материала исследования выбраны тексты составленные или переведенные как профессионалами, так и непрофессиольными переводчиками и использаванные паломниками во время богослужений (литургические тексты, молитвы, песенники) и в обычном общении (путеводители, карты, планы, пресса). Внимание фокусируется на работе переводчиков двух краковских приходов, где принималась молодёжь владеющая русским языком. На выбранных текстах дано описание межъязыкового (с польского на русский) и межсемиотического переводов, обсуждается их адекватность
La resistenza al cambiamento e il ruolo del leader
No full textThe presented text is an attempt to answer, on appearing more and more often in the context work, the question concerning leadership. First of all, it should be stated how the relation between the leadership and the change can be managed, and also how to promote, so how to indroduce changes. The starting point in the presented considerations is to determine what kind of resistance may be caused by the change itself.The presented text is an attempt to answer, on appearing more and more often in the context work, the question concerning leadership. First of all, it should be stated how the relation between the leadership and the change can be managed, and also how to promote, so how to indroduce changes. The starting point in the presented considerations is to determine what kind of resistance may be caused by the change itself.The presented text is an attempt to answer, on appearing more and more often in the context work, the question concerning leadership. First of all, it should be stated how the relation between the leadership and the change can be managed, and also how to promote, so how to indroduce changes. The starting point in the presented considerations is to determine what kind of resistance may be caused by the change itself
The Fifth Gospel in the Context of the Way of St. James
No full textWhat is referred to as the Fifth Gospel is the tangible and intangible memorabilia from the area of the present-day Holy Land. The buildings, landscape, nature, social atmosphere and customs cultivated till this very day allow to have a better understanding of the inspired biblical texts. The authors prove this thesis to be valid. They show that although it is mainly used in the pastoral care of pilgrims, it is not devoid of theological foundations. People experience faith also in a physical manner. Sensual experiences associated with the stay in the Holy Land make it easier to grasp spiritual matters and to reinforce faith. The article illustrates the issue in question with a few practical examples. The closing paragraphs formulate pastoral postulates. They show how the experience of visiting the land of biblical events can be used in the pastoral care of pilgrims more effectively.What is referred to as the Fifth Gospel is the tangible and intangible memorabilia from the area of the present-day Holy Land. The buildings, landscape, nature, social atmosphere and customs cultivated till this very day allow to have a better understanding of the inspired biblical texts. The authors prove this thesis to be valid. They show that although it is mainly used in the pastoral care of pilgrims, it is not devoid of theological foundations. People experience faith also in a physical manner. Sensual experiences associated with the stay in the Holy Land make it easier to grasp spiritual matters and to reinforce faith. The article illustrates the issue in question with a few practical examples. The closing paragraphs formulate pastoral postulates. They show how the experience of visiting the land of biblical events can be used in the pastoral care of pilgrims more effectively
Association between one’s attachment to parents and subsequent attachment to a partner
No full textThe primary purpose of this study was to explore the association between individuals’ attachments to their mothers and fathers, and their subsequent attachments to partners, based on research conducted in Slovenia. Participants in the empirical study were antenuptial couples who attended the premarital counselling course organized by and offered through the Franciscan Family Institute in Ljubljana, Slovenia. In order to explore more fully the concept of attachment, the authors of the study focused on the following dimensions: trust, communication and estrangement. The results of the study showed greater similarities in the three identified dimensions to the way in which both women and men experience attachment to their mothers and partners, while there were marked differences in the subjects’ experience of attachment to their fathers.The primary purpose of this study was to explore the association between individuals’ attachments to their mothers and fathers, and their subsequent attachments to partners, based on research conducted in Slovenia. Participants in the empirical study were antenuptial couples who attended the premarital counselling course organized by and offered through the Franciscan Family Institute in Ljubljana, Slovenia. In order to explore more fully the concept of attachment, the authors of the study focused on the following dimensions: trust, communication and estrangement. The results of the study showed greater similarities in the three identified dimensions to the way in which both women and men experience attachment to their mothers and partners, while there were marked differences in the subjects’ experience of attachment to their fathers