Traektoria Nauki
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Transforming Higher Education Curriculum Based on the Indonesian National Qualifications Framework (KKNI) to Address Human Re-source Challenges in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era
Full text linkThe rapid technological advancements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution have posed significant challenges to the relevance and responsiveness of higher education curricula in Indonesia. This study explores the transformation of higher education curricula through the integration of the Indonesian National Qualifications Framework (Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia, KKNI) and the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) policy. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and library research methodology, this study examines 14 primary data sources, including government regulations, curriculum guidelines, scholarly literature, and empirical reports from higher education institutions.The findings reveal that KKNI serves as a foundational framework that shifts curriculum design from content-based to outcomes-based models, emphasising graduate competencies aligned with industry standards. Concurrently, MBKM promotes curricular flexibility by offering students diverse experiential learning opportunities, including internships, entrepreneurship, research, and community service. The integration of KKNI and MBKM supports the development of holistic, adaptive, and globally competitive graduates.However, challenges remain in the implementation process, including infrastructural limitations, insufficient faculty readiness, fragmented evaluation practices, and weak institutional-industry linkages. The study employs the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model to assess the effectiveness of curriculum transformation, emphasising the importance of stakeholder collaboration, continuous assessment, and strategic policy alignment.This study concludes with a conceptual model for curriculum reform that integrates KKNI and MBKM, offering practical recommendations for institutions and policymakers to enhance the quality, relevance, and sustainability of higher education in Indonesia. The findings contribute to the discourse on education reform in developing countries and serve as a reference for designing future-ready curricula in the context of Industry 4.0
Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Prescription Pattern in the Dental Clinic of the Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Full text linkThis retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the prescription patterns of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs at the Dental Clinic of Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BhUTH), Jos, Nigeria, from January 2022 to July 2024. The review covered a total of 179 patient records, focusing on case classification (surgical vs. non-surgical), demographics, and prescribed medications. Non-surgical cases predominated (86.6%), with a nearly equal gender distribution, although males were more likely to undergo surgical procedures. Out of 183 prescriptions analysed, paracetamol accounted for 71.6%, followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as diclofenac (25.1%), and combination NSAID-prostaglandin formulations, including Arthrotec (3.3%). The strong preference for paracetamol reflects its perceived safety profile and effectiveness in managing mild to moderate dental pain. These findings reflect a conservative, evidence-based approach to dental pharmacotherapy, emphasising nonopioid analgesics for routine dental care at the Dental Clinic in BhUTH, Jos, Nigeria. Experts recommend providing regular updates on drugs used in pain management, as prescribers tend to focus on NSAIDs at the expense of other options.
Theoretical and Experimental-Phonetic Approach To Text Intonation in English
Full text linkIn English, tone forms a well-developed, relatively independent subsystem of intonation. The interest in the study of the tone features of intonation is explained by the fact that the speaker can consciously realise it in important segments in terms of the meaning, which form the centre of the syntagma and where the other parts are located around it. The study of the semantic structure of tone within the constituent functions of intonation reveals the deep meaning realised in the text. In addition to the scientific-theoretical issues presented in the text, an experimental-phonetic analysis was conducted to accurately determine the role of intonation on the acoustic parameters of speech. The frequency, strength and time of the main tone were also analysed here. In addition, the melody, emphasis, tempo, timbre, intensity and rhythm of the text are also analysed. The purpose of the experimental-phonetic analysis is to determine the text intonation on three parameters – frequency, strength, and time of the main tone, by using the PRAAT program. Complex acoustic (localisation of acoustic parameters, frequency, intensity, time of the main tone) analysis was carried out with the help of experimental-phonetic analysis. The article provides oscillograms and spectrograms of selected language materials. The results of the experiment are presented in a diagram at the end of the article. In the experiments, specialised methods of mathematical-statistical and contextual analysis were employe
Isolation, Biochemical And Biophysical Characterisation of Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria From Diesel Contaminated Environment
Full text linkEnvironmental contamination by diesel fuel poses substantial ecological challenges, compromising both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to its persistent toxic properties. Biological remediation offers a sustainable and environmentally conscious solution to address these environmental concerns by utilising hydrocarbon-metabolising microorganisms. This research examines the bioremediation capabilities of Paenibacillus polymxa, obtained from a diesel-polluted location, for addressing diesel contamination issues. The isolated bacterial strain developed prominent, cream-coloured, textured colonies when grown on Bushnell-Haas medium and exhibited elongated, Gram-positive, motile characteristics with spore-forming capabilities. Biochemical analysis demonstrated broad metabolic capabilities, showing positive responses for catalase, oxidase, urease, casein degradation, and starch breakdown activities. Maximum diesel breakdown efficiency was observed at 5% diesel concentration, pH 9, and 37°C temperature, achieving a peak degradation rate of 70%. These results demonstrate the organism's durability and effectiveness in hydrocarbon metabolism, establishing it as a viable option for environmentally sustainable remediation of diesel-contaminated areas. Subsequent research should emphasise genetic optimisation, nutrient enhancement, consortium development, and field validation to confirm practical applications and commercial viability
Cross-Cultural Communication Challenges in Global Business: How Cultural Differences in Communication Styles Affect Internation-al Collaboration
Full text linkThis study examines cross-cultural communication issues in global business, with special attention to the impact of cultural variation in communication style on the effectiveness of international collaboration. Using a mixed-methods approach that includes both quantitative surveys of 352 professionals across 28 countries and qualitative interviews with 22 experienced international business practitioners, this research identifies the most critical communication issues and confirms relevant management mechanisms. The study shows that the four primary sources of difficulty are: language barriers, difficulty communicating directly, conflicting time orientations, and different expectations regarding hierarchy, with 72% of respondents dealing with language-related issues on a regular or very regular basis. Statistical analysis shows a strong negative correlation between the severity of communication challenges and collaboration effectiveness (r = -0.54, p < 0.001). Cultural intelligence was the most significant predictor of collaboration success (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), followed by the use of an explicit communication protocol (β = 0.28, p < 0.001). Results show four major themes: language barriers that conceal more profound cultural differences, virtual communication that creates misunderstandings, implicit assumptions that generate conflicts, and trust that requires cultural adaptation, with effective practices emerging that integrate cultural learning and explicit communication protocols. The study offers empirically grounded suggestions at system, team, and individual levels, including investment in cultural intelligence development, clear communication guidelines and policies, and psychologically safe spaces for cultural learning. The results confirm that organisations can successfully manage cross-cultural communication challenges when they intentionally use cultural diversity as a strategic resource
Subsurface Characterisation Using the Electrical Resistivity Method: A Case Study of Itohan Girls Grammar School, Benin City, Nigeria
Full text linkTo map the subsurface for borehole development, a 2D electrical resistivity inversion survey was conducted at Itohan Girls Grammar School, located on Sapele Road in Benin City. The researchers used the ABEM Terrameter SAS 2000 to perform Wenner and Schlumberger configurations over different areas. The inter-electrode spacings were 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, and 40 m, while the AB/2 values were 300 m for VES 1 in the NW–SE direction, 392m for VES 2 in the SE–NW direction, and for VES 3 in the N–S direction, with a traverse length of 600 m. Using DIPRO software, a pseudosection of the apparent resistivity values acquired along a 140 m (W–E) traverse was created to process the data. Thereafter, the researchers performed computer iterations. They generated a columnar geosection for the three VES datasets. VES 1, VES 2, and VES 3 revealed resistivity values of 283.4 Ωm, 153.0 Ωm, and 145.6 Ωm, respectively, indicating sandy clay formations with soil thicknesses of 3.5 m, 5.3 m, and 1.3 m, respectively. The second layers of VES 1 and VES 2 correspond to the third layer of VES 3, showing high resistivity values of 2601.6 Ωm, 1528.0 Ωm, and 4600 Ωm, respectively. These resistivity values depict lateritic sand formations with thicknesses of 23.6m, 29.6m, and 11.7m, respectively. The second layer of VES 3 has a resistivity of 87.0 Ωm, indicating a clayey sand formation with a thickness of 1.6m. VES 1 has a sandy clay formation as its basement, with a resistivity of 475.3 Ωm. The basement layers of VES 2 and VES 3 have resistivity values of 18,640.0 Ωm and 100,000.0 Ωm, respectively, indicating sandstone as the bedrock. The 2D resistivity structure revealed four distinct soil formations along the traverse from west to east, extending to depths of about 50 meters. These correspond to the geoelectric layers identified by the vertical electrical soundings conducted in the area. The results suggest that the area is suitable for large, shallow engineering structures and borehole drilling
Public Diplomacy: The Role of Social Media in Digital Diplomacy
Full text linkIn the digital age, characterised by rapid technological advancement, social media has become a crucial tool in public diplomacy. States, governments, organisations, politicians, and diplomats increasingly use online platforms to communicate directly with international audiences, shape public opinion, convey strategies and goals, and manage international relations. The evolution of soft power and digital diplomacy has accelerated, primarily driven by the increasing influence of social media. This paper explores the concept of public diplomacy and examines how social media influences both public and digital diplomacy. It addresses the opportunities, challenges, and risks associated with their use. Using descriptive and analytical methods, we analyse academic literature, official documents, and international reports on public Diplomacy, digital Diplomacy, and the role of social media platforms. In addition, we include specific case studies that highlight the impact and interconnection between digital diplomacy and social media. By applying qualitative analysis, this study aims to understand the broader context, strategies, and diplomatic perceptions, as well as the influence of social media in this field. The findings of this analysis highlight the growing importance and effectiveness of public diplomacy, particularly digital diplomacy. While digital platforms enhance transparency, civic engagement, and the reach of soft power, contributing to stronger international relations, they also pose significant risks, including misinformation, cyberattacks, and misinterpretation of diplomatic messages, all of which can have serious negative consequences. Public Diplomacy, digital Diplomacy, and social media are interlinked, and when used appropriately and strategically, they can yield meaningful and positive outcomes
Analysis of Emotional Intelligence and Sports Injuries in Body Contact Athletes
Full text linkEmotional intelligence and sports injuries are crucial aspects that athletes must develop to manage the pressure of competition, maintain focus on proper technique, and make informed decisions. Without adequate emotional intelligence, athletes are more vulnerable to injury, often due to excessive aggressiveness, impulsive decision-making, or emotional tension that can affect their physical performance and increase the risk of sports-related injuries. This study aims to determine the level of emotional intelligence and the incidence of sports injuries among body contact athletes assisted by KONI Aceh. Using a quantitative approach with descriptive research type. The study population consisted of body contact athletes, specifically martial arts sports groups such as karate, kickboxing, muay thai, pencak silat, and combat and game sports athletes, including basketball, kabaddi, korfball, rugby, and soccer, totalling 200 athletes. The sample was taken from as many as 50% (100 athletes) using a probability sampling technique with a random sampling method. The data collection technique involved distributing a questionnaire, specifically an emotional intelligence questionnaire with thirty statement items and a sports injury questionnaire, each consisting of thirty statement items, to athletes online via Google Forms. The results of the research on the level of emotional intelligence of body contact athletes coached by KONI Aceh are in the strong category, with a frequency of 59 athletes, with a percentage of 59% which indicates that most athletes have a fairly good ability to manage emotions, control psychological pressure that can reduce the risk of sports injuries. Meanwhile, the level of athlete sports injuries is in the low category, with a frequency of 87 athletes, representing 87% of the total, which indicates that athletes do not experience serious injuries or are in good recovery condition. The high emotional intelligence possessed by athletes contributes to the low incidence of injuries, as their ability to manage emotions and stress during training or matches plays a crucial role in preventing a higher risk of injury
Digital Literacy and Information Disorder: Understanding Older Adults' Interaction With False Information on Social Media
Full text linkThis paper investigates how older adults engage with social media and how they deal with misinformation and disinformation. Many older adults today rely on platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp to stay informed, but often struggle to distinguish the truth from false information online. This research, therefore, focuses on why older users struggle to identify false information online. It also examines how digital literacy, trust in information sources, and emotional responses factor into their decisions. A mixed-method was employed. Researchers distributed a questionnaire to 20 elderly users aged 60 years and older and conducted interviews with the same participants to add more depth. They analysed the data using simple statistics and thematic analysis. The results indicate that many elderly users struggle with fact-checking and sometimes believe messages passed along by friends or family. But the more digital skills people had, the more cautious they were about sharing and the more questions they asked. This study suggests the need for basic, applicable media literacy education even for older adults. Helping them fact-check being misled.The following research questions guide this study: 1) How do older adults respond to misinformation and disinformation on social media? 2) What factors influence their trust in the content they receive and share on social media? 3) In what ways does digital literacy affect their ability to deal with false or misleading information?By addressing these questions, the study aims to shed light on how older adults interact with social media amid widespread misinformation and disinformation. It also hopes to suggest practical ways to help improve digital literacy and critical thinking skills among this age group
Alternative Assessment Methods in Higher Education: Evaluating their Impacts on Critical Thinking and Creativity
Full text linkThis study examines the impact of alternative assessment methods on the development of critical thinking and creativity in higher education. Drawing on 13 empirical studies published between 2019 and 2025, the review explores a variety of assessment approaches, including project-based learning (PBL), project-based flipped classrooms (PBFC), the ASSURE instructional model, portfolio assessments, online peer assessment (OPA), and design thinking frameworks. These alternative methods prioritise authentic, reflective, and student-centred learning experiences that go beyond traditional examinations. The findings suggest that such practices enhance metacognitive awareness, foster innovation, and improve higher-order thinking skills across diverse educational contexts. However, systemic challenges often hinder their implementation, including misalignment between policy and practice, limited technological infrastructure, and inadequate faculty preparedness. The review highlights the need for inclusive, flexible, and context-sensitive assessment models that align with 21st-century learning objectives. It concludes by recommending institutional reforms, targeted faculty development, and further longitudinal research to evaluate the scalability and long-term effectiveness of alternative assessments