Traektoria Nauki
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Impact of Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) on the Development of Small-Scale Enterprises in Nigeria
Full text linkThe study investigates the impact of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) on the development of small-scale enterprises (SSEs) in Nigeria, focusing on its role in driving economic growth and improving operational efficiency. Data were gathered from 40 payphone centre owners in Apapa through questionnaires using a cross-sectional survey design. Respondents' demographic data showed that 62.5% were female, 37.5% were male, and 45% fell within the 15–30 age group, indicating youth dominance in the sector. Results revealed that 80% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that GSM has improved the standard of Nigerian small-scale enterprises. In comparison, 65% disagreed that GSM impacts only the Nigerian economy, not small-scale entrepreneurs.Additionally, 72.5% strongly agreed that GSM has created job opportunities and helped reduce unemployment, further supported by findings that 57.5% strongly agreed GSM aids in crime reduction through better communication with security agencies. Despite these benefits, 70% of respondents cited high tariffs as a major barrier, negatively affecting profitability. The results underscore GSM's transformative impact on SSEs while highlighting the need for a unified tariff structure to maximise its potential for business growth and economic development
The Role of Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) Initiatives in Fostering Global Citizenship Within Higher Education Institutions in West Africa
Full text linkThis study examines the role of diversity and inclusion (D&I) initiatives in fostering global citizenship within higher education institutions in West Africa, with a focus on developing intercultural competence, social responsibility, and critical thinking among students. Recognising global citizenship as a crucial framework for preparing graduates to address complex global challenges, the research uses a qualitative approach, drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted with students, faculty, and administrators at institutions such as the University of Lagos, University of Ghana and Université Cheikh Anta Diop. The interview data, analysed through thematic analysis, reveals that D&I initiatives positively influence students' intercultural understanding and sense of civic duty, equipping them to participate actively in social change. Despite these benefits, the findings highlight barriers, including limited funding, uneven policy implementation, and cultural resistance, which hinder the initiatives' full impact. Additionally, the study incorporates insights from 36 peer-reviewed articles from reputable databases, including ResearchGate and JSTOR, to contextualise D&I's potential for transformative education. The findings suggest that enhanced policy support, resource allocation, and institutional training are vital for maximising D&I programs' role in cultivating globally minded, socially responsible graduates across West African universities
Daylighting Performance Assessment: A Review of Methodologies
Full text linkThis review assesses various methodologies in evaluating daylighting performance, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Key methods include computer-aided simulations, field measurements, physical scaled modelling, and mathematical calculations. Computer-aided simulations offer detailed and accurate predictions but require specialised skills, resources, and validation for accuracy. Field measurements provide empirical real-time data, though they are resource-intensive and need more time. Physical scaled models offer tangible insights but may lack precision, while mathematical calculations are quick and accessible yet often simplified and applicable to small tasks. However, designers can enhance the efficacy of daylighting assessments by integrating multiple methods, investing in training and tools, prioritising real-world testing, and adapting strategies to local contexts. Continuous monitoring and holistic design approaches are essential for optimising natural light use, improving energy efficiency, and ensuring occupant comfort in sustainable building environments. The review provides a valuable guide for researchers, architects, and engineers in selecting and combining appropriate methodologies for practical daylighting performance assessment
Features of Translation and Adaptation of Nuclear Energy Terminology in the Azerbaijani Language: Linguistic and Scientific Aspects
Full text linkThis article examines the translation and adaptation of nuclear energy terminology into the Azerbaijani language from both linguistic and scientific perspectives. It discusses the challenges faced in accurately conveying complex nuclear terms, how dominant source languages (notably English and Russian) influence Azerbaijani nuclear vocabulary and the strategies employed for semantic and terminological adaptation. Issues of standardisation are explored, highlighting efforts by Azerbaijani institutions to unify technical terminology and ensure clear communication. Real examples of Azerbaijani nuclear energy terms are provided to illustrate how terms are translated or coined, such as nüvə reaktoru («nuclear reactor») and atom elektrik stansiyası («nuclear power plant»). The article draws on scholarly sources, glossaries (e.g., IAEA standards), and language policy documents to underscore the importance of consistent, accurate terminology in scientific discourse and national language development. The findings show that while historical Russian influence and modern English borrowings shape the Azerbaijani nuclear lexicon, deliberate adaptation and standardisation efforts are helping to harmonise terminology for effective scientific communication
Virtual Reality in Anatomical Sciences Teaching and Research
Full text linkThis research investigates the implementation and effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) technology in anatomical sciences teaching across three medical education institutions. The study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine VR's influence on learning outcomes, teaching methodologies, and resource utilisation in anatomical education. Data analysis from 245 participants, including 217 medical students and 28 faculty members, revealed significant improvements in student performance. The quantitative assessment demonstrated an 18.5% increase in spatial comprehension and a 14.3% enhancement in long-term knowledge retention compared to traditional teaching methods. Technical implementation analysis showed 92.8% average system uptime through dedicated support systems and robust infrastructure. Student comfort levels with VR technology improved from 3.2 to 4.5 on a five-point scale, while faculty technical confidence showed similar improvement patterns. Hybrid learning environments demonstrated 92% teaching time efficiency compared to traditional settings. The findings support VR technology's effectiveness in enhancing anatomical education while emphasising the importance of integrated teaching approaches. Critical success factors included comprehensive technical support, ongoing professional development, and balanced implementation strategies. These results provide valuable guidance for institutions implementing VR technology in medical education, contributing to theoretical understanding and practical application of educational technology in anatomical training
Фрейминг и прайминг в диалоговых системах: новые формы манипуляции речи через ИИ
Full text linkThe article explores the cognitive mechanisms of framing (language framing) and priming (anticipatory suggestion) in the context of human interaction with artificial intelligence (AI)-based dialogue systems. The author proposes an interdisciplinary analysis combining cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, social psychology and generative AI technologies to identify how such systems can use speech strategies of persuasion and manipulation. It is shown that dialogue AIs actively apply frames in the presentation of information, both in lexical framing and in the tone of utterances, which can skew interpretations and guide the user's opinion. In parallel, priming allows systems to shape attitudes even before the main utterance, through tone, order of presentation, or even background information, which is particularly effective in long-term interactions. The author discusses threats to user autonomy, especially for vulnerable groups (children, the elderly, people with mental disabilities), the problems of deception through anthropomorphisation of AI and substitution of real dialogue with simulated 'friendship'. Legal and regulatory initiatives, including the European AI Act (2024) provisions, prohibit AI use for covert behavioural influence and are considered. Possible solutions are also suggested, ranging from AI content labelling and algorithm transparency to increasing digital literacy among users. Thus, the article contributes to understanding the speech mechanisms involved in human-AI communication and emphasises the need for a balance between technological development and the preservation of human cognitive freedom.В статье исследуются когнитивные механизмы фрейминга (языкового обрамления) и прайминга (предваряющего внушения) в контексте взаимодействия человека с диалоговыми системами на основе искусственного интеллекта (ИИ). Автор предлагает междисциплинарный анализ, объединяющий когнитивную лингвистику, психолингвистику, социальную психологию и технологии генеративного ИИ, с целью выявить способы, посредством которых такие системы могут использовать речевые стратегии убеждения и манипуляции. Показано, что диалоговые ИИ активно применяют фреймы при подаче информации – как в лексическом оформлении, так и в тональности высказываний, – что может искажать интерпретации и направлять мнение пользователя. Параллельно прайминг позволяет системам формировать установки ещё до основной реплики – через тон, порядок подачи данных или даже фоновую информацию, что особенно эффективно в длительном взаимодействии. Автор обсуждает угрозы автономии пользователя, особенно уязвимых групп (дети, пожилые, лица с ментальными особенностями), проблемы обмана через антропоморфизацию ИИ и подмены реального диалога симулированной «дружбой». Рассматриваются юридические и нормативные инициативы, включая положения Европейского Акта об ИИ (2024), запрещающие использование ИИ для скрытого поведенческого влияния. Предлагаются также возможные решения – от маркировки ИИ-контента и прозрачности алгоритмов до повышения цифровой грамотности пользователей. Таким образом, статья вносит вклад в понимание речевых механизмов, задействованных в коммуникации человек–ИИ, и подчёркивает необходимость баланса между технологическим развитием и сохранением когнитивной свободы человека
Physicochemical Properties of Sediment and Isolation of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria from Crude Oil-Contaminated Iko River Estuary
Full text linkCrude oil pollution poses a significant threat by contaminating drinking water supplies and soil, posing health hazards to current and future generations and disrupting the ecological balance of affected ecosystems. Thus, the current study evaluated the physicochemical properties of sediment of the Iko River estuary contaminated with crude oil and isolated hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria using appropriate methods. Physicochemical analyses of the sediment showed slight variations in pH, temperature and electrical conductivity along the different sections of the estuary. The pH values were 6.2 (upstream), 5.0 (midstream), and 5.8 (downstream). The temperatures were 29 °C (upstream and downstream) and 30 °C (midstream). Electrical conductivity increased downstream, reaching 173 µScm-1. The isolated organisms were one Gram-negative and four Gram-positive bacterial isolates. The researchers tentatively identified the bacterial isolates as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus spp., and found that all isolates except Micrococcus spp. were motile. The analysis revealed that of the five isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis demonstrated strong potential to utilise all crude oil. Researchers could harness these microbial communities to mitigate the impacts of crude oil pollution and enhance the fertility and productivity of agricultural soils
Macroeconomic Analysis using VAR Model: The Impact of Money Supply on Inflation in Nigeria
Full text linkInflation remains a persistent macroeconomic challenge in developing economies like Nigeria, where controlling the money supply is a central policy tool for stabilization. This study empirically examines the dynamic relationship between money supply growth and inflation in Nigeria from 1961 to 2023 using a bivariate Vector Autoregression (VAR) model. Drawing on the Quantity Theory of Money, I account for real-world complexities such as structural rigidities and external shocks that can weaken the theoretical one-to-one link between money and prices. Annual time-series data on Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation and broad money (M2) growth are employed. Pre-estimation tests confirm that both series are non-stationary in levels but stationary after first-differencing, justifying a VAR in growth rates. A lag length of one year is selected based on information criteria. Key findings include a unidirectional Granger causality from money supply to inflation (F=13.099, p<0.001), meaning past changes in money supply significantly predict inflation, whereas the reverse is not true. Impulse response analysis reveals that a positive money supply shock triggers a gradual rise in inflation, peaking after about one year before tapering off, reflecting monetary transmission lags. Variance decomposition shows that money supply shocks account for roughly 30% of the variation in short-run inflation (first 1–3 years), while the bulk of inflation variability is due to other factors by the long run. These results affirm a monetary influence on inflation in Nigeria but also underscore the role of non-monetary factors and policy lags. Based on these findings, the policy implications emphasize the importance of prudent money supply management for price stability, while coordinating with fiscal policy and structural reforms to address supply-side constraints. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers at the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Ministry of Finance on controlling inflation through better monetary-fiscal coordination and discusses the need for future research to expand the model beyond the current bivariate setup to capture additional drivers of inflation
A Study of the Development and Deployment of Emotionally Intelligent Artificial Intelligence
Full text linkThis paper examines the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and emotional intelligence (EI), particularly in light of the growing deployment of emotionally responsive AI systems in sensitive human contexts (e.g., healthcare, education, and customer service). Although AI has made significant progress in understanding and simulating human emotions through affective computing, it remains structurally incapable of experiencing emotions, as AI lacks consciousness and self-awareness—a phenomenon known as the "empathy gap." At an emotional level, AI can simulate empathy through data-driven models. Emotionally intelligent AI can approximate empathy through its data-driven model, but these simulations are not equivalent to genuine empathy. This distinction also raises ethical concerns, as users may experience emotional reactions or develop trust in AI systems that can't actually comprehend or grasp emotions. Such an illusion of empathy, enforced by HAT for humans to harmonically anthropomorphise machines, can make some individuals be emotionally dependent and/or manipulated (especially the ones who are vulnerable). It also highlights key risks associated with emotionally intelligent AI, including bias in emotion recognition, emotional manipulation by both commercial and political actors, and the disruption of genuine human interactions. It acknowledges that although AI can augment users' enjoyment and engagement, it must be implemented and designed ethically and transparently if it is to remain a supportive tool rather than a replacement for genuine human empathy
Stakeholder Cooperation Patterns in Overcoming Tourism Scams in the KEK (Special Economic Zone) Tourism Area of Mandalika, Cen-tral Lombok, Indonesia
Full text linkThis research aims to identify forms of stakeholder cooperation to address tourism scams in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone, Central Lombok. Scam tourism is a fraudulent activity perpetrated by perpetrators to profit personally, ultimately damaging a destination's reputation and undermining tourism sustainability. This research uses a qualitative case study approach. The researchers collected data through non-participant observation, distribution of questionnaires, in-depth interviews with key actors—including the Central Lombok Tourism Office, the police/tourist protection task force, ITDC Mandalika, business owners, and local communities—and documentation. The data analysis technique employs the Miles and Huberman model, which comprises four stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Source triangulation is used to verify and validate data by comparing information across informants to ensure the credibility of the research findings. The research results indicate that a pattern of cooperation has emerged, with the Central Lombok Tourism Office as the primary driver. Support is provided by security personnel, ITDC Mandalika, local communities, and business operators through several initiatives, including the formation of a tourism security team, training, and law enforcement against fraudulent actors.Nevertheless, the implementation of this collaboration has not been optimal. Public education remains limited; the case-reporting system is not technology-based; and active public participation in the decision-making process remains minimal. The main constraints include weak inter-agency coordination and insufficient human resources. This research recommends stronger inter-sectoral coordination, increased human resource capacity, the development of digital reporting systems, and the active involvement of the community and business actors. The research recommends formalising cooperation through joint regulations, emphasising continuous education, emphasising the role of the community, establishing an integrated task force, integrating reporting, and optimising technology to build sustainable destinations