Traektoria Nauki
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Nasalization [N-] In Indonesian: Generative Morphology Perspective
Get PDFThis study describes the formation of Indonesian words based on generative morphology theory. Data sourced from oral and written data. The data collection method used is the documentation and observation methods, while the data analysis method uses the distributional and matching methods. The results of data analysis are presented using informal methods. The results of this study indicate that the affixes that form verbs consist of {meN-], {-an}, {ber-}, {ter-}, {meN-kan}, and {meN-i}. The meaning of these affixes is 'activities concerned with'; 'process'; 'each other'; 'to be in a state'; 'own'; 'can be in'; 'already in'; 'causative'; 'resultative'; 'intensive; and 'continuative'. The noun-forming affixes consist of {se-}, {-in}, {-at}, {pen-an}, {ke-an}, and {per-an} affixes. The meaning conveyed by these affixes is 'equal'; 'The same'; 'in a state of'; 'plural (feminine) actors'; 'plural (masculine) actors'; 'method'; and 'hal'. Adjective-forming affixes consist of affixes {-i}, {-iah}, {-ah}, and {wi-}. The meaning generated by these affixes is 'related to'; 'frequency'; 'tool'; and the 'perpetrator'. In terms of morphological typology, in general, Indonesian word formation is a mixed-type language because at the level of affixation and reduplication, Indonesian words are of the agglutination type and at the level of compounding, it behaves as an incorporation type language and tends to collect several lexical morphemes and combine them be a single word. The process of forming Indonesian words in terms of generative morphology consists of components: 1) a list of morphemes that contains free basic morphemes, bound basic morphemes, affixes, reduplications and compound words; 2) rules for forming words that process all the contents of the morpheme list, to produce acceptable and unacceptable forms; 3) filters in charge of attaching phonological idiosyncrasy
State of the Art on Vehicular Engine Exhaust Emissions Standards and Regulations: a Review
Get PDFThe burning of fossil fuel introduced massive quantities of pollutants leading to many adverse effects on human health. Therefore, regulations to reduce or eliminate exhaust gases and pollutants emissions from fossil fuels began to be issued worldwide in the 1970s. Automotive emissions issue has been strictly regulated since 1980. Therefore, this article reviewed some significant countries' vehicular emission standards for diesel and gasoline engines. The review began with an overview of considerable diesel and gasoline exhaust emissions, how they are generated, and their impact on the environment and human health, then surveyed the emission standards and regulations for motor vehicles in the United States, Europe, Japan, Australia, China, India and Nigeria. This section discovered that most countries have modelled their regulatory standards using the European and US regulatory models. Since Countries like Japan and Europe have already been following the worldwide harmonised test cycle (WHTC) to rectify the differences in present emission standards followed by different countries, more concerted research is needed for evolution to a shared universal emission standard implementable worldwide so that other countries may introduce the same shortly. Policies to discourage growth in personal automobile use are also potentially most significant. Thus, the review herein has been discussed to have better insight into the status of existing vehicular emission standards, which may be helpful for future improvisation and implementation of vehicular emission standards in Nigeria
Правові засади та особливості державної політики у сфері національних меншин (спільнот) в Україні, Болгарії та Китайській Народній Республіці
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities and legal foundations of modern state policy in the field of national minorities (communities) of Ukraine, as well as the problems of limiting the constitutional rights and freedoms of national minorities (communities) in China and Bulgaria.The author's methodological analysis included several philosophical, general scientific and specifically scientific methods. In particular, comparative jurisprudence was used to analyse the experience of the People's Republic of China and Bulgaria regarding restrictions on the rights of national minorities (communities). The comparative method contributed to generalising knowledge in state policy in the field of national minorities (communities).The positions of scientists and institutional international bodies regarding state policy in the field of national minorities (communities) are represented. The work is motivated by a casual dimension. The authors reveal the critical points of state policy in the field of national minorities (communities). Special attention is focused on the problem of positive discrimination (special protection) of national minorities. Difficulties in implementing state policy in the field of national minorities (communities) in China and Bulgaria are pointed out, and the issue of the legal position of the Bulgarian minority (community) in Ukraine is also raised.The article reflects the main directions of state policy in the field of national minorities (communities) and the main tasks of the State Service of Ukraine on ethnopolitics and freedom of conscience. Examples of discrimination against the Macedonian national minority in Bulgaria, on the one hand, and the free, equal development of all nations and peoples living on the territory of Ukraine, on the other hand, neither the imperfection of international legislation nor the weakness of international legal institutions for the protection of human rights is the main obstacle for the free national development of nations and individuals. State national policy is the most critical condition and objective factor for such action, which can either promote national development or hinder it.It was established that the constitutional principles of the modern state national policy of Ukraine from the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, which enshrine the most important values of the constitutional system of Ukraine. Attention is drawn to the fact that the national policy of Ukraine is primarily aimed at achieving balance and parity of interests of each individual and all peoples (communities) living on the territory of Ukraine in the field of national relations.The conclusion states that the national policy of Ukraine is the state's legal policy in regulating the legal status of national minorities and forming a regulatory framework that ensures the implementation of national policy at the level of state authorities and local self-government in Ukraine.Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей та правових засад сучасної державної політики у сфері національних меншин (спільнот) України, а також проблеми обмеження конституційних прав та свобод національних меншин (спільнот) у КНР та Болгарії.Авторський методологічний аналіз включав низку філософських, загальнонаукових та спеціально наукових методів. Зокрема метод порівняльного правознавства застосовувався для аналізу досвіду КНР та Болгарії щодо обмежень прав національних меншин (спільнот). Компаративний метод сприяв узагальненню знань у сфері державної політики у сфері національних меншин (спільнот).Репрезентовані позиції науковців та інституційних міжнародних органів щодо державної політики у сфері національних меншин (спільнот), мотивовано позицію казуальним виміром. Авторами розкрито ключові моменти державної політики у сфері національних меншин (спільнот), окрему увагу сконцентровано на проблемі позитивної дискримінації (особливому захисті) національних меншин. Вказано на труднощі реалізації державної політики у сфері національних меншин (спільнот) у КНР та Болгарії, а також піднято питання правового становища болгарської меншості (спільноти) України.У статті відображено основні напрямки державної політики у сфері національних меншин (спільнот) та основні завдання Державної служби України з етнополітики та свободи совісті. Приклади дискримінації македонської національної меншини в Болгарії, з одного боку, і вільного, рівноправного розвитку всіх націй і народів, що проживають на території України, – з іншого, ні недосконалість міжнародного законодавства, ні слабкість міжнародно-правових інститутів захисту прав людини не є головною перешкодою для вільного національного розвитку народів та окремих індивідів. Як найважливіша умова та об'єктивний чинник такого розвитку виступає державна національна політика, яка може або сприяти національному розвитку, або гальмувати його.Констатовано, що конституційні засади сучасної державної національної політики України утворюють положення Конституції України, що закріплюють найважливіші цінності конституційного ладу України. Звернено увагу, що національна політика України націлена насамперед на досягнення балансу, паритету інтересів кожної людини окремо та всіх народів (спільнот), що проживають на території України, у сфері національних відносин.У висновку зазначено, що національна політика України – це правова політика держави у галузі регламентації правового статусу національних меншин, формування нормативної бази, що забезпечує реалізацію національної політики на рівні органів державної влади та місцевого самоврядування в Україні
Financial Technology Mediates the Impact of Business Strategy on MSME Financial Performance in West Nusa Tenggara
Get PDFThis study aims to explore the business strategies that have been carried out by MSMEs so that results of MSME financial performance can be obtained in adopting digital financial service technology in Fintech. The method with accidental sampling is 100 respondents using questionnaires – data analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results show that business strategy positively and significantly affects the financial performance of MSME business actors in West Nusa Tenggara. Business strategy completely and significantly affects financial technology for MSME businesses in West Nusa Tenggara. Financial technology positively and significantly affects the financial performance of MSME business actors in West Nusa Tenggara. Financial technology can strengthen the influence of business strategy on the financial performance of MSMEs in West Nusa Tenggara. The research results show that all variable impacts are positive and significant, as well as the effect of mediation variables on independent variables on dependents. Therefore, in the future, MSME players must always consider preparing business strategies and applying technology because this affects their financial performance significantly and sustainably
Development of Performance Assessment on Science Practicum Integrated with Automated Feedback to Measure Scientific Attitude in University: a Case Study in Indonesia
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to know the responses of respondents and university types on the development of scientific attitude instruments that are integrated with automatic feedback on science practicum performance assessments at four universities in Indonesia. Using a case study approach and cluster random sampling procedures, the data were examined with a Kruskal-Wallis test. Questionnaires, interviews at the management level, and observations directly were used to collect data. The research sample included three hundred seventy-six undergraduates and teachers in college at four different universities. The findings reveal no performance assessment of scientific attitude since there was no standard instrument. The assessment results of private colleges were similar to those of public colleges (p > 0.05) in measuring scientific attitude integrated with real-time feedback, implying that neither public nor private universities have conducted scientific attitude of performance assessments with real-time feedback on science practicum. The analysis statistical results were not significant between undergraduates and teachers in college regarding the measurement of scientific attitude on performance assessments integrated with real-time feedback in science practicum (p > 0.05), implying that undergraduates have the same experience as lecturers in assessing scientific attitude on performance assessment with feedback in science practicum. This study suggests developing scientific attitude measurement on performance assessment that provides real-time science practicum feedback
Antibacterial Potential Of Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Peels Against Selected Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From Futa Botanical Garden Soil
Get PDFEmerging antibacterial resistance is a great challenge to modern medicine and is an increasing problem in different regions, limiting therapeutic options. Therefore, this study aimed to use the Citrus aurantium extract and assess its effect on bacterial agents. The antibacterial potentials of orange (Citrus aurantium) peel were evaluated on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Three solvents, Ethanol, Methanol and Hot water, were used for extraction. The resultant extracts were used on three Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria isolated from FUTA Botanical Garden. These phytochemicals include alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. The agar well diffusion method assessed the antibacterial activity, reflected by the diameter of growth inhibition zones. Results showed that among the solvents used, the extracts exhibited better performance in the order of Ethanol > Methanol > Hot water, which reflects the suitability of solvents for Citrus aurantium peel extraction. It was found that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the extracts at 200 mg/ml. Among them, Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest sensitivity against extracts from (15.00±1.00 mm to 21.00±1.00 mm). Among the Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella spp was susceptible to the 200 mg/ml extracts ranging from (13.00±1.00 mm to 15.00±1.00 mm). This may be attributed to a high concentration of flavonoids and total phenolic content in the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Citrus aurantium peel
A Critique of Inclusive Education Policy and the Extent of Its Implementation in Nigeria
Get PDFNigeria is one nation that has embraced inclusive education as the educational approach for meeting the educational needs of diverse learners within the same classroom. Over the years, the Nigerian government has adopted policies, among which the Universal Basic Education Act in 2004 and the Child's Rights Act (CRA) launched in 2003 have been more prominent. These policies specify the rights of children with disabilities to have equal educational opportunities as their counterparts that are not having disabilities. The Nigerian laws and guidelines on inclusive education in Africa remain the best, but one of the significant challenges that the country has faced in implementing these policies across educational institutions. Implementation requires a synergy between the three tiers of government, yet several challenges have hampered these processes; some of the challenges include funding, curriculum modification, teacher training, and the all-round restructuring of the Nigerian educational system. Despite the challenges confronting the overall implementation of inclusive education policies, states such as Lagos, Kaduna, Kwara, Enugu and Jigawa have made massive strides in developing and implementing their respective domestic inclusive policies. Therefore, the collaboration of all stakeholders in the education system is essential to enable inclusive education implementation in Nigeria. Thus, more attention should be placed on policy implementation, monitoring and follow-up to ensure the development of inclusive education in Nigeria
Servant Leadership Schooll Principles in Improving Teacher Performance at Smpn 7 Mataram, Indonesia
Get PDFThis study describes servant leadership in improving teacher performance and building student character at SMPN 7 Mataram. The research approach used is qualitative with the case study method. Interview techniques, observation, and documentation studies were used for data collection. Checking the validity of the data is done by testing credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The study results show that the servant leadership of school principals can improve teacher performance, especially in discipline, with several efforts, namely supervising, providing motivation and increasing specialisation, activating school MGMP activities, and holding workshops
Electrochemical Readout in Lab-On-Chip Platforms: Overview of State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Get PDFLab-on-chip (LoC) platforms are disruptive technologies in analytical chemistry and bioengineering and are known to enable miniaturised and sensitive analysis of complex biological and chemical samples. Electrochemical detection became one of the most explored among several readout methods, hence its versatility, robustness, straightforward execution, sensitivity, and portability. Therefore, this brief review critically examines the principles, applications, and prospects of electrochemical detection in LoC technologies, highlighting its significance in advancing various fields, including clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and drug discovery
Analysis of Attack Speed in Fencing Athletes
Get PDFFencing is one of the leading sports in Indonesia, which is expected to become a top sport to win medals at every sporting event. In fact, up to now, Indonesian fencing athletes still face crucial problems in achieving this target. The condition of the training program being ineffective means that the athlete's ability level is challenging to develop and is stagnant, especially in attacking movement techniques. Attacks are the technique most often used by athletes and are crucial in getting points in every fencing match. The reality on the field is that fencing athletes often carry out attacks that do not produce points due to their low attack speed. This condition will make it easier for the opponent to predict attacks so that attacks can be easily avoided or evaded. So, practical training in fencing attacks is needed to improve the attack speed. This research aims to determine the condition of the Fencing attack speed level through attack movement techniques using static movements in Fencing athletes. This research uses a quantitative approach and a descriptive method. The population in this study were fencing athletes assisted by the Indonesian National Sports Committee, Aceh Province. The sample in this study consisted of 8 people. The instrument technique used to collect data in this research was an attack test instrument called the Kuhadja Fencing Test. Based on the results of the study that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the average attack speed through static movement is 4.37 m/s