Traektoria Nauki
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Adoption of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) in the Protection of Critical Infrastructure
Full text linkSecuring critical infrastructure (CI), including energy, healthcare, transportation, and financial systems, has become a pressing concern in the face of increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. These essential systems underpin modern society, and disruptions to their operations can have severe economic, social, and safety consequences. Traditional perimeter-based cybersecurity approaches have proven insufficient against evolving attack vectors, highlighting the need for more resilient strategies such as Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA). Zero Trust Architecture represents a paradigm shift in cybersecurity, advocating "never trust, always verify." Unlike legacy models, ZTA emphasises continuous authentication, least privilege access, and network micro-segmentation to mitigate external and internal threats. By assuming that breaches are inevitable, ZTA enforces stringent access controls and real-time monitoring to safeguard critical systems. This review examines the adoption of ZTA in the protection of critical infrastructure.Key findings showed the benefits of ZTA, including enhanced resilience against cyberattacks and improved regulatory compliance. The paper also discusses challenges such as integration with legacy systems, resource constraints, and organisational resistance. Recommendations are provided to guide the phased implementation of ZTA and promote cross-sector collaboration to secure critical infrastructure effectively.
Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis Using ARDL Approach
Full text linkThe study examines the relationship between exchange rate volatility and economic growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2023. We employ the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method to investigate the cointegration between exchange rate volatility, interest rate, inflation, money supply and the Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP). The findings suggest that exchange rates have a positive influence on economic growth, whereas interest rates, inflation, and the money supply have a negative impact in the long term. The error correction mechanism reveals a 9% annual rate of adjustment to long-run equilibrium. Our results suggest that stabilising exchange rates is vital to sustainable economic growth in Nigeria, and this is a consequence of why coordinated macroeconomic policies are essential
Epigenetics of Developmental Disorders
Full text linkEpigenetic features of developmental disorders in African children remain largely undescribed despite high and variable exposure burdens. We aimed to quantify blood-based epigenetic differences and their links to environmental exposures in Nigerian children. In a matched case–control study across Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (Kano), University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (Abuja), Lagos University Teaching Hospital (Lagos) and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (Enugu), we enrolled 180 children aged 3–10 years between 1 March 2023 and 31 May 2025: cases (n=90; autism spectrum disorder [ASD] n=30, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] n=30, intellectual disability [ID] n=30) and matched controls (n=90). Genome-wide DNA methylation (Illumina EPIC), targeted histone marks (ChIP-qPCR), and small RNA sequencing were analysed in R 4.3.0 (minfi/limma/DMRcate; FDR<0.05). Primary result: global 5-methylcytosine was lower in cases (mean 4.8%±0.4) than controls (5.2%±0.5); ANOVA F(3,176)=9.02, p<0.001; mean difference −0.4%. Fifteen differentially methylated positions (Δβ 5–8%; including NR3C1 +7.4%, p<0.001) passed FDR. H3K9 acetylation was reduced (~15%) in cases, t(178)=−3.45, p=0.0007. MicroRNAs differed by diagnosis (e.g., let-7d lower in ADHD, fold-change 0.30, p=0.002; miR-145-5p higher in ASD, 1.7-fold, p<0.01). In multivariable logistic regression, higher methylation (OR 0.66 per +1% [95% CI 0.52–0.84], p=0.001), higher H3K9ac (OR 0.80 [0.68–0.95], p=0.014), higher let-7d (OR 0.88 [0.78–0.99], p=0.047), and lower blood lead (OR 1.25 per +1 µg/dL [1.12–1.39], p<0.001) independently predicted case status; AUC=0.81. An interaction was indicated, with ~9.5-fold higher odds for low methylation and lead levels greater than five µg/dL (95% CI 4.0–22, p = 0.01). In interviews (n = 15), parents described routine exposure to soot, proximity to landfills or smelters, and economic hardship. A concise, measurable epigenetic–toxicant profile identified Nigerian children with developmental disorders and points to modifiable risk
Нормативно-правове регулювання публічного управління в умовах цифрової трансформації
Full text linkThe object of this study is the management relations that arise in the process of digital transformation. The subject of this study is the regulatory and legal framework governing public administration in the context of digital transformation. The study is based on the principle of comprehensiveness, which utilises comparative analysis, structural, functional, and systemic approaches. This comprehensive approach ensures that all aspects of the digital transformation in public administration are thoroughly examined. Based on experience in the field of public administration in European Union countries, analysis of statistical data and special studies, the study of foreign literature, and practical inquiries, the essence of public administration in the context of digital transformation caused by the application of information and communication technologies is considered, which allows for the structural restructuring of the economy in accordance with the requirements of the European Union and NATO. The development of public administration in the context of digital transformation enables dynamic integration into the European Union by accelerating the structural restructuring of administration, providing a dynamic direction, and facilitating the optimal combination of tactical and strategic goals. The object of research is the system of information support for the activities of public administration bodies and their interaction with the population, public organisations, and private business entities on issues of organising the regulation of socio-economic relations. The task of a systematic approach to the issue of digital transformation of public administration involves considering methods and mechanisms for implementing state policy in the field of socio-economic management, highlighting the need to identify optimal organisational mechanisms for the application of information and communication technologies in public administration and regulatory and legal regulation that complies with European Union regulatory documents and NATO standards in the field of defense.Об’єктом дослідження виступають управлінські відносини, що виникають у процесі цифрової трансформації. Предметом дослідження виступає нормативно-правове регулювання публічного управління в умовах цифрової трансформації. Дослідження ґрунтується на принципі комплексності, що базується на використанні порівняльного аналізу, структурного, функціонального та системного підходу. На основі досвіду діяльності в галузі публічного управління в країнах Європейського Союзу, аналізу даних статистики та спеціальних досліджень, вивчення зарубіжної літератури, запитів практики, розглянуто сутність публічного управляння в умовах цифрової трансформації зумовлену застосуванням інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій, що дозволяє забезпечити структурну перебудову економіки з урахуванням вимог Європейського Союзу та НАТО. Розвиток публічного управління в умовах цифрової трансформації дозволяє забезпечити динамічну інтеграцію до Європейського Союзу за рахунок прискорення структурної перебудови управління, надання цьому процесу динамічної спрямованості, можливості оптимального поєднання забезпечення тактичних та стратегічних цілей. Об’єкт дослідження є система інформаційного забезпечення діяльності органів публічного управління та їх взаємодії з населенням, громадськими організаціями та суб’єктами приватного бізнесу з питань організації регулювання соціально-економічних відносин. Завдання системного підходу до питання цифрової трансформації публічного управління передбачає розгляд методів і механізмів реалізації державної політики у сфері соціально-економічного управління виділивши необхідність визначення оптимальних організаційних механізмів застосування інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій у публічному управлінні та нормативно-правового регулювання, яке відповідає нормативним документам Європейського Союзу, та в галузі оборони стандартам НАТО
Impact Of Employee Training And Development On Organisational Performance: A Case Study Of Guaranty Trust Bank Zaria Branch
Full text linkThe paper examines how employee training and development impact the performance of an organisation at the Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB) Zaria branch in Nigeria. The researchers collected data by issuing a questionnaire to 40 employees, all of whom responded. The researchers analysed the data using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients in SPSS V22.0. They tested three hypotheses: (H01) on-the-job training has no significant relationship with organisational performance, (H02) off-the-job training has no significant relationship with organisational performance, and (H03) online training has no significant relationship with organisational innovativeness. They found that on-the-job training does not make a difference, while off-the-job training has a minimal positive influence. Even online training offers a significant difference in enhancing innovativeness, which leads to improved performance. This study suggests that GTB should focus on online training, select training programs based on merit, and conduct frequent evaluations to align the programs with organisational objectives and strengthen the bank's competitiveness in the Nigerian banking industry
Sub-Acute Effects of Hot Aqueous Arachis hypogaea Pericarp Extract on Serum Antioxidant Markers Following Doxorubicin Administration in Male Wistar Rats
Full text linkThe toxicity of Doxorubicin, an anthracyclic antibiotic, a valuable drug as the drug of choice for treatment of various cancer types, has been an issue of great concern. The drug generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress and inflammation in body tissues; hence, there is a need for adjuvant therapy while monitoring the concentration of Doxorubicin in serum. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant properties of Arachis hypogaea L. (Fabaceae family) pericarp, commonly known as groundnut peel, and its subacute effect on serum antioxidant markers following doxorubicin administration. Researchers have studied several antioxidant markers, including superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. These markers indicate the balance between the body's antioxidant defence and oxidative damage. Results showed a significant decline in oxidative stress and a reduction in the prospects of tissue injury induced by Doxorubicin administration. Hence, Arachis hypogaea pericarp extract can play a protective role against Doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and toxicity in serum, thereby enhancing antioxidant defence
Blockchain Technology and Artificial Intelligence in the Information Society: Philosophical and Legal Aspects
Full text linkУ статті здійснено комплексне дослідження філософсько-правових аспектів розвитку та використання технологій блокчейн і штучного інтелекту (ШІ) в умовах становлення інформаційного суспільства. Проаналізовано особливості взаємодії технологічних і правових систем у контексті цифрової трансформації суспільства. Розкрито основні риси децентралізованої архітектури блокчейну, що забезпечує новий рівень прозорості, довіри та захисту даних, а також охарактеризовано роль штучного інтелекту у формуванні автоматизованих процесів прийняття рішень. У роботі наголошено, що ці технології радикально змінюють традиційне розуміння правовідносин, підзвітності, етичної відповідальності та соціальної комунікації. З’ясовано, що блокчейн сприяє утвердженню цифрової довіри та автономії суб’єктів, тоді як штучний інтелект формує умови для делегування людських функцій алгоритмам і створює передумови для виникнення нових видів правосуб’єктності. Особливу увагу приділено ризикам, пов’язаним із правовою невизначеністю автономних систем, можливими порушеннями приватності та загрозами цифрової нерівності. У статті також розглянуто етичні виміри використання алгоритмів, питання легітимності їхніх рішень і необхідність філософсько-правового переосмислення понять «відповідальність», «свобода» та «довіра» у цифровому світі. Зроблено висновок, що ефективне функціонування блокчейн- та ШІ-систем можливе лише за умови гармонійного поєднання технічних стандартів, правових норм і моральних принципів, які повинні відображати фундаментальні цінності людства.This article presents a comprehensive study of the philosophical and legal aspects of the development and use of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the context of the emerging information society. The peculiarities of the interaction between technological and legal systems in the context of digital society transformation are analysed. The main features of the decentralised blockchain architecture, which ensure a new level of transparency, trust, and data protection, are revealed, and the role of artificial intelligence in shaping automated decision-making processes is characterised. The study emphasises that these technologies radically change the traditional understanding of legal relations, accountability, ethical responsibility, and social communication. It is found that blockchain promotes the establishment of digital trust and autonomy of subjects. At the same time, artificial intelligence creates conditions for delegating human functions to algorithms and lays the groundwork for new forms of legal subjectivity. Special attention is paid to the risks associated with the legal uncertainty of autonomous systems, potential privacy violations, and threats of digital inequality. The article also considers the ethical dimensions of algorithmic use, questions of the legitimacy of their decisions, and the need for a philosophical and legal rethinking of the concepts of “responsibility”, “freedom”, and “trust” in the digital world. The conclusion is drawn that the effective functioning of blockchain and AI systems is possible only through a harmonious combination of technical standards, legal norms, and moral principles, which should reflect the fundamental values of humanity
Overview of Importance and Isolation of Β-Sitosterol From Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Musa Acuminata Calla (Banana Blossom)
Full text linkIn northern Nigeria, the banana blossom has traditionally been used to treat a variety of ailments, including microbiological infections; it reduces menstrual bleeding, aids in the treatment of diabetes, anaemia, and ulcers, reduces anxiety, aids in weight loss, and produces an undetermined amount of filtrate decoction to facilitate conception. As a result, the study intends to isolate secondary metabolites to identify the bioactive compound(s) found in banana blossoms. The ethyl acetate extract was utilised in column chromatography to isolate the compound. Fractions were collected from the column and subjected to thin-layer chromatography to confirm their purity for component separation using a thin stationary phase supported by an inert backing, yielding BF58 fractions. Researchers characterised the fraction BF 58 using NMR spectroscopy. β-Sitosterol was isolated from Musa acuminata calla
Development of Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) for Sustainable Urban Wastewater Treatment
Full text linkThe growing demand for efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment solutions in urban areas has positioned membrane bioreactors (MBRs) as a promising alternative to conventional treatment systems. This study explores the development, optimisation, and application of MBR technology for urban wastewater management. Combining biological degradation with membrane filtration, MBRs offer superior effluent quality, compact footprint, and the potential for water reuse, making them ideal for space-constrained urban settings. The research focuses on recent advances in membrane materials, fouling mitigation strategies, energy efficiency, and system integration with decentralised treatment frameworks. Researchers evaluate performance using pilot-scale and full-scale MBR systems, emphasising nutrient removal, sludge characteristics, operational stability, and lifecycle costs. The findings demonstrate that MBRs can significantly contribute to achieving circular water economy goals in urban environments, supporting environmental protection and resource recovery. The authors also discuss recommendations for policy and future research directions
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern-Term Formation
Full text linkThe rapid expansion of scientific knowledge and digital content in the 21st century has significantly increased the demand for accurate, efficient, and scalable terminology development processes. Term formation – the creation, extraction, validation, and standardisation of specialised vocabulary – has traditionally been a manual endeavour by linguists, terminologists, and subject matter experts. However, with the growing complexity and volume of information, traditional methods are no longer sufficient to keep pace. Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in Natural Language Processing (NLP), machine learning, and knowledge representation, are transforming terminology science. AI-powered systems can process vast multilingual and domain-specific corpora to automatically identify candidate terms, evaluate their relevance using semantic and statistical criteria, and suggest standardised forms and multilingual equivalents. These technologies support the automation of term extraction, filtering, clustering of semantic variants, and alignment across languages and disciplines. This article explores the core applications of AI in term formation, including automatic term extraction, term validation and filtering, semantic clustering, and standardisation. It also addresses integrating AI tools in multilingual environments and constructing terminological resources compatible with ontologies and knowledge graphs. While AI introduces speed, scalability, and contextual awareness to terminology management, it also raises challenges related to accuracy, cultural and linguistic sensitivity, and algorithmic bias. The study concludes that a hybrid model – combining AI's computational capabilities with expert human judgment – offers the most promising path toward creating dynamic, inclusive, and globally coherent terminological systems