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Deep Learning Techniques for Image Recognition (Machine Learning)
Get PDFDeep learning (DL), a sophisticated subset of machine learning (ML), has emerged as a transformative force within the broader realm of artificial intelligence (AI). By leveraging architectures such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), DL has significantly advanced image recognition capabilities, enabling systems to identify and classify visual data with remarkable precision accurately. This technology is not only applicable to image recognition. Still, it has also made strides in diverse areas, such as speech recognition, language translation, automated gameplay, healthcare diagnostics, and the development of self-driving vehicles. The success of DL in this domain can be attributed to its ability to learn hierarchical representations of data, allowing for improved feature extraction and pattern recognition. Despite its impressive performance, deep learning is not without its limitations. Key challenges include its reliance on vast amounts of labelled data, which can be difficult and expensive to obtain, its lack of common sense reasoning and difficulties in addressing complex, multifaceted problems.Additionally, DL models often struggle with long-term planning and decision-making, which can hinder their effectiveness in certain applications. This paper delves into the significant role of deep learning in image recognition, providing a comprehensive overview of its methodologies, applications, strengths, and limitations. By examining current advancements and ongoing challenges, this work aims to contribute to understanding deep learning's impact on the field and its future potential
Cryptocurrencies and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs): Implications for Monetary Policy and Financial Stability
Get PDFThis study presents an in-depth investigation into cryptocurrencies and Central Bank digital currencies (CBDCs), focusing on implications for monetary policy and financial stability. An overview of CBDCs and cryptocurrency is evaluated by analysing their origins, significant characteristics, functionalities and roles in the economic ecosystem. A detailed assessment is carried out on the implication of cryptocurrency and CBDCs on monetary policy. The findings suggest that by facilitating decentralised and anonymous transactions, cryptocurrency deflates traditional monetary control and hence challenges the authority of central banks.In contrast, CBDCs are a better economic policy tool for central banks, thus probably raising policy effectiveness. Researchers analysed the implications of both virtual currencies on financial stability. They found that cryptocurrency poses a severe risk to financial systems due to its inherent volatility and instability.In contrast, they concluded that CBDCs offer a more viable alternative for enhancing financial stability by reducing the threat of financial disintermediation. The study concludes that cryptocurrency and CBDCs have the potential for transformation, but CBDCs align more with existing financial systems to support monetary policy and ensure financial stability. A comparative analysis was carried out to underline further that CBDCs provide, compared to cryptocurrencies, a more predictable and better-controlled environment for economic management, making them a more desirable option for central banks globally
Application of Information Technology in Identifying HOAX Information Circulating on Social Media Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic by the Sawahlunto Police Cyber Patrol Team
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic in the era of Industry 4.0 has fueled the spread of misinformation and disinformation on social media. Unregulated discussions and the 24-hour news cycle have facilitated HOAXes, often aimed at inciting public unrest. This phenomenon has led to a lack of trust in the validity of Covid-19 information, contributing to the rise in cases. Consequently, the government cannot address this issue alone and requires support from law enforcement. This study examines the problem from a police science perspective, proposing digital policing (e-policing) as a solution to identify and address circulating HOAXes. The Indonesian National Police's Priority Program (PRESISI) outlines an innovative approach by introducing the Polisinyo Urang Sawahlunto (PUAS) application. This research uses a qualitative approach to analyse the relevant findings, including interviews, observations, and literature reviews. The results show that: 1) The spread of HOAX information via social media within the Sawahlunto Police's jurisdiction is still widespread; 2) The PUAS application's HOAX checker feature can identify HOAXes related to COVID-19, helping the police gather valid information to share with the public; 3) However, when analysed through management theory, the application's implementation still lacks fulfilment of the Man, Money, Method, and Machines components. As a result, PUAS has not yet been fully implemented and requires further development
Utilisation of Information and Communication Technology in Improv-ing the Quality of Learning and the Quality of Education in Mataram City, Indonesia
Get PDFThe quality of learning will affect the quality of education in educational units, both primary and secondary education and higher education. Improving the quality of learning also depends on human resources in this case teachers/lecturers, the availability of hardware and software facilities and infrastructure and the availability of internet networks. The research approach used in this study is empirical research, namely research with data in the field as the main data source, such as interview results and observations, in this study, researchers focused on junior high schools in Mataram City. The research data obtained were analyzed by means of Data Reduction; Data Presentation; and Conclusion Drawing/Verification. The results of the study showed that the Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in improving the quality of learning and education quality in junior high schools in Mataram City is relatively high by maximizing the facilities and infrastructure owned by the school. However, for schools that still have minimal ICT facilities and infrastructure, they only utilize ICT in the learning process and e-report cards. Schools that have adequate facilities and infrastructure, in addition to utilizing ICT in the learning process and e-reports, but also in digital library services and online-based semester exams. So that schools that have utilized ICT in many programs in their schools, have higher learning quality and education quality compared to schools that have only utilized ICT a little. The utilization of ICT carried out in the Mataram City high school is also accompanied by a fairly good management system, this is indicated by the implementation of 4 management functions, namely planning, organizing, implementing, and supervisin
Education Economics: Evaluating Policies to Reduce the Skill Gap and Improve Educational Outcomes
Get PDFThis paper examines the role of education economics in addressing the skill gap and improving educational outcomes. Despite significant investments in education by governments and households, a gap persists between graduates' skills and those required by the labour market. The study underscores the need for educational policies that align with economic goals to enhance productivity and reduce unemployment. One of the critical areas of focus includes curriculum reform, which is highlighted as a vital tool for updating educational content to reflect the modern economy's evolving needs better; this includes integrating digital skills, critical thinking, problem-solving, and socio-emotional competencies into the curriculum to prepare students for 21st-century challenges. Another aspect of educational policies, as highlighted, includes vocational training, teacher development, and the challenges in effectively implementing these systems. The findings highlight that targeted policies emphasising practical skills and sustained teacher support can help close the skills gap and promote economic growth
Human Resource Development: A Philosophy of Education Perspective
Get PDFThis study explores the role of educational philosophy in human resource (HR) development, emphasising character-building, critical thinking, creativity, and professionalism. Employing a literature review method, it synthesises theories and practices to demonstrate how philosophical principles can shape education systems that prepare individuals for societal and workplace challenges. The paper highlights the importance of inclusive policies and humanistic approaches in cultivating ethical, adaptive, and competent HR for sustainable national development, aiming to address systemic and technological limitations
The Role of Predictive Analytics in Enhancing Customer Retention Strategies in E-commerce
Get PDFIn the ever-evolving dynamic environment of e-commerce, customer retention has become one of the main themes for any long-term successful business. This study will reveal some opportunities for applying Predictive analytics to improve customer retention strategies against such a big problem, which usually stands five to twenty-five times cheaper than acquiring new customers. This is a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative case studies intertwined with the quantitative analysis of empirical data from varied industries in e-commerce, such as fashion retail and online marketplaces. It, therefore, implies a strong positive correlation between the application of predictive analytics and customer retention rates. Businesses can use historical data and statistical algorithms to identify potential churning customers, developing targeted marketing campaigns to make them stick with the personal touch of customer experience. This study creates a financially viable impact by emphasising big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and focused marketing strategies toward creating customer value. The results denote that companies that have been able to apply predictive analytics enjoy customer satisfaction and create a better stronghold on the market. Theoretically and practically, this study contributes to an understanding of customer retention in e-commerce and aids businesses in how to apply effective practical predictive analytics strategies
Geotechnical Investigation of Road Failure Along Ogheghe, South-South, Nigeria
Get PDFTo assess the geotechnical properties of the soil, three different soil samples were collected from both failed and unfailed sections of Ogheghe Road in South-South Nigeria. These samples were analysed for particle size distribution, liquid limit, plastic limit, maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The results showed that for Sample One, the OMC and MDD were 35.88% and 1.42 g/cm³, respectively, with plastic and liquid limits ranging from 20.88 to 20.92% and 39.42 to 49.62%. The CBR values ranged from 15.20% to 24.00% in unsoaked conditions and 11.61 to 17.53% in soaked conditions. For Sample Two, the OMC and MDD were 13.15% and 1.72 g/cm³, respectively, with plastic and liquid limits ranging from 18.91 to 20.38% and 31.25 to 40.35%. The CBR values ranged from 12.00 to 19.71% in unsoaked conditions and 10.63% to 11.75% in soaked conditions. For Sample Three, the OMC and MDD were 19.24% and 1.40 g/cm³, respectively, with plastic and liquid limits ranging from 17.95 to 18.15% and 31.22 to 40.73%. The CBR values ranged from 6.09 to 7.65% in unsoaked conditions and from 4.63 to 7.29% in soaked conditions. These results were compared to the specifications established by the Federal Government of Nigeria for roads and bridges (1997); overall, the result revealed noticeable deviations from standards. This implies that the soil along the Ogheghe road is unsuitable for use as subbase and base materials and is a significant contributing factor to the road's failure
Clinical and Research Perspectives of the Use of Cannabinoids In the Treatment of Mental Disorders: Systematic Review
Get PDFMental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychosis, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are significant global health burdens. While conventional pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies offer symptom relief, up to one-third of patients exhibit inadequate response or intolerable side effects, prompting the exploration of alternative or adjunctive treatments.The researchers conducted a comprehensive literature search in January 2024 across PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. They screened peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2014 and 2023, using predefined eligibility criteria. The team extracted data using Cochrane-based templates and performed quality assessments with the RoB 2 tool for randomised trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. Finally, they conducted a narrative synthesis based on diagnostic categories.The researchers included ten studies—nine randomised controlled trials and one observational study—that examined cannabinoid interventions in PTSD, psychosis-spectrum disorders, ADHD, and social anxiety. Cannabidiol (CBD) was the most commonly studied compound. Neurobiological improvements were consistently observed in psychosis and PTSD, while clinical symptom reduction was more evident in social anxiety and ADHD. Although findings were heterogeneous, CBD demonstrated favourable safety across all studies, with mild or no adverse effects reported.CBD appears to be safe and shows therapeutic promise in certain psychiatric conditions, particularly for neurobiological modulation in psychosis and PTSD, symptom reduction in social anxiety, and behavioural improvements in adult ADHD. However, evidence remains preliminary. Standardised, large-scale trials are needed to confirm efficacy, refine dosing, and guide clinical use
Examining the Place and Role of Emotional Intelligence in Effective School Leadership and Administration
Get PDFEmotional intelligence (EI) is fast becoming an influential aspect of successful school leadership and administration. This paper explores and examines the role of emotional intelligence in effective school leadership and administration. The study utilises a combination of theoretical and conceptual analysis to show how various components of EI-self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills are essential in facilitating effective school leadership and administration. Also, the analysis tends to raise awareness of EI, essential in creating a better school climate, enhancing decision-making processes, and developing better communication and conflict resolution among staff. Various challenges are encountered when implementing emotional intelligence in schools, such as resistance to change and lack of training. The paper, therefore, highlights the necessity for instituting specific programs for professional development and cultivating EI skills in school leaders. The study recommends that focusing on leadership development through EI leads to robust, adaptable, and successful school leadership that, in turn, serves the good of the whole educational community