Traektoria Nauki
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Предпосылки развития психолингвистики в Европе (анализ работ немецких ученых Антона Марти и Карла Бюлера)
Get PDFPsycholinguistics appeared at the interface of two «oldest» sciences—psychology and linguistics — and became one of the main linguistic sciences in a relatively short period. The need for scientific knowledge of the nature of human mental intellectual activity determined the emergence of this new science. As part of the synchronous study of language in the twentieth century, many original concepts were put forward based on a psychological understanding of the nature of the object of linguistics.The theoretical significance of the work is that, for the first time, it describes in detail the concepts of A. Marty and K. Buehler in terms of influence on the formation of modern psycholinguistics. The works of the German linguist Anton Marti, who is devoted to the problem of the emergence of language, are considered. In his scientific works, Anton Marti calls language «any sign of mental processes». Thus, an analysis of the development of psycholinguistic thought is made. Also, a vision of the main problems of modern psycholinguistics associated with language use in speech communication and individual speech-thinking activity is proposed.The article reveals the scientific prerequisites and the main trends in the development of modern psycholinguistics, its methods, current problems, and achievements – a description of the mechanisms of speech, linguistic personality, etc. and shows the methodological foundations and historical continuity of the teachings of linguists. The works of A. Marti, K. Buhler, etc., are consecrated in terms of the significance of their views for today's understanding of the same scientific problems.Психолингвистика появилась на стыке двух «старейших» наук – психологии и лингвистики, она стала одной из основных лингвистических наук за относительно короткий период своего существования. Появление этой новой науки было обусловлено потребностью в научном познании природы психической интеллектуальной деятельности человека. В рамках синхронного изучения языка в XX веке было выдвинуто много оригинальных концепций, основанных на психологическом понимании природы объекта лингвистики.Теоретическая значимость работы заключается в том, что в ней впервые подробно описываются концепции А. Марти и К. Бюлера с точки зрения влияния на формирование современной психолингвистики. Рассматриваются работы немецкого лингвиста Антона Марти, которые посвящены проблеме возникновения языка. Антон Марти в своих научных трудах называет язык «любым признаком психических процессов». Таким образом, проводится анализ развития психолингвистической мысли, а также предлагается видение основных проблем современной психолингвистики, связанных с использованием языка в процессах речевого общения и индивидуальной речемыслительной деятельности.В статье раскрываются научные предпосылки и основные тенденции развития современной психолингвистики, ее методы, актуальные проблемы и достижения – описание механизмов речи, языковой личности и т.д., показаны методологические основы и историческая преемственность учений лингвистов, работ А. Марти, К. Бюлера, и т.д. освящены с точки зрения значимости их взглядов для сегодняшнего понимания тех же научных проблем
Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability: Empirical Evidence from Selected African Countries
Get PDFEnvironmental deterioration, driven by human activities, poses a critical global challenge. Its far-reaching consequences are a threat to the planet and future generations. Economic growth brought about by rapid industrialisation, increased economic activities, and globalisation has not only improved gross domestic product (GDP) and material well-being globally but consequently increased the emission of greenhouse gases, which in no doubt has far-reaching catastrophic impacts on society in the short-term and long term. Climate change, deforestation, pollution, natural resource depletion, food shortage and biodiversity loss are interconnected problems of environmental deterioration. Climate change harms ecosystems and food security, increases global inequality, and brings about more frequent and severe weather events – deforestation results in habitat loss - destabilising ecosystems and reducing biodiversity. Pollution from industries, agricultural activities, and urban sources endanger ecosystems and harm human health. Like never before, harmonising the concepts of people (society), profit (economy) and the planet (environment) to achieve a sustainable solution has been more crucial.For this reason, this study examines the impact of economic growth on environmental sustainability – empirically examining 15 randomly selected African countries. The Fixed Effect (FEM) method regression model was employed for the panel data. The analysis revealed that the coefficient of GDP growth rate is positive and statistically significant. However, the GDP growth rate squared is negative and statistically significant. These coefficients suggest that economic growth contributes positively and significantly to environmental degradation through the emission of greenhouse gases but substantially declines as the economy grows further. Thus, these coefficients show that we have an inverted U-curve, which supports the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis. Agricultural value-added (AVA), manufacturing value-added (MVA) and foreign direct investment (FDI) have negative and significant impacts on greenhouse gas emissions, hence promoting environmental sustainability.In contrast, trade openness had a positive but insignificant impact on greenhouse gas emissions. The study urges policymakers across Africa to be benevolent in crafting economic policies, considering the environmental and social effects to protect people's well-being today and in future generations. Appropriate sensitisation and policy initiatives such as taxes and subsidies should be effectively employed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the barest minimum while also promoting eco-investing and eco-friendly initiatives
Chronotopic Contrasts: Unraveling Temporal Dynamics in Utopian and Dystopian Narratives
Get PDFThis research article delves into the intricate interplay between time dynamics and dystopian narratives, focusing on how temporal disruptions shape and define the genre. It explores the convergence of dystopia and science fiction, highlighting the deliberate construction of time to serve specific purposes within these narratives. Through a comprehensive analysis of seminal dystopian works such as "1984", "Children of Men", and "The Time Machine", the study examines the multifaceted roles of temporal disruptions in critiquing propaganda, totalitarianism, and power structures.Furthermore, it explores how such disruptions illuminate the confusion, disorientation, and trauma inflicted upon individuals within dystopian societies, challenging conventional notions of linear time and prompting reflections on memory, truth, and narrative complexity. This research aims to deepen our understanding of the complex relationship between time dynamics and dystopian narratives, shedding light on the thematic, philosophical, and socio-political implications inherent in the genre
The Principle of Restorative Justice in The Judge's Consideration of Criminal Decisions
Get PDFRestorative justice is currently being utilised as an alternative method for resolving criminal cases. As this approach continues to evolve, there have been numerous instances where judges have considered implementing Restorative Justice efforts during trials as a factor in determining the severity of punishment. This study aims to identify the legal foundation for implementing Restorative Justice at the Court Level and examine the considerations made by judges when applying Restorative Justice in sentencing criminal cases. This research employs a prescriptive normative legal research methodology, incorporating both a statutory approach (statute approach) and a contextual approach (conceptual approach). Primary and secondary legal materials and relevant non-legal materials are utilised in this study. The findings of this research demonstrate that the Supreme Court has long embraced the concept of restorative justice through implementing policies. Furthermore, it has become a significant factor for judges to consider when making decisions
Inclusive Education Management For Children With Special Needs at SMP Lenterahati Islamic Boarding School, Indonesia
Get PDFThis study examines the management of inclusive education at SMP Lenterahati Islamic Boarding School, focusing on its implementation and effectiveness for children with special needs. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The study results indicate that the management of inclusive education at SMP Lenterahati includes various aspects, such as an adaptive curriculum, teacher training, supporting facilities, and parental involvement. Implementing an adaptive curriculum allows children with special needs to follow lessons according to their abilities. Teacher training is routinely carried out to improve understanding and skills in teaching students with special needs. In addition, the school provides supporting facilities such as special study rooms and learning aids. Parental involvement in the education process is also an important factor in supporting the success of inclusive education. Overall, the management of inclusive education at SMP Lenterahati Islamic Boarding School has proven effective in meeting the needs of children with special needs and creating an inclusive learning environment. However, challenges still need to be overcome, such as limited resources and increasing awareness of all school staff. This study enriches the literature on inclusive education and can be a reference for other schools that want to implement inclusive education
Digital Communication in the Absence of Institutional Email: A Case Study of Academic Staff at the Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigates adaptive communication practices developed by academic staff at the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu, in response to the absence of institutional email infrastructure. We used a mixed-methods case study approach to examine 189 academic staff members through surveys and interviews. Results reveal that 100% of staff use personal email for official communication, with 93.1% utilising WhatsApp as a supplementary platform. Despite significant challenges in information security (87.3%) and professional boundary blurring (76.2%), overall communication satisfaction remained moderately high (3.6/5). Factor analysis revealed three primary dimensions of adaptive strategies: Digital Innovation, Social Networking, and Formal Documentation, explaining 68% of the variance in communication practices. Personal email proficiency emerged as the strongest predictor of communication effectiveness (β = 0.35, p < 0.001). The findings suggest institutions can maintain effective operations through strategic adaptation despite infrastructure limitations
Gender Imbalance in STEM Programs in Nigeria
Get PDFGender imbalance in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education is a persistent global challenge, particularly in Nigeria, where societal and institutional factors often limit women's participation in these fields. This study investigates the gender disparities in enrollment across STEM programs at the University of Agriculture, Makurdi, over four academic sessions (2009–2013). Using secondary data analysis and theoretical insights from Bandura's Social Cognitive Career Theory, the research examines the enrollment trends of male and female students in selected STEM programs. Findings reveal significant gender imbalances, with male students consistently outnumbering their female counterparts in Mathematics, Computer Science, and Statistics programs.In contrast, Biology Education exhibited near gender parity. The results suggest that societal stereotypes, self-efficacy perceptions, and parental influence significantly shape career choices, perpetuating the underrepresentation of women in STEM. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to address systemic barriers and promote gender equity in STEM education in Nigeria and beyond
Performance Evaluation and Staff Allocation in Organization in South-west Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examined the relationship between performance evaluation practices and staff allocation in organisations within Southwest Nigeria, focusing on key sectors like banking, manufacturing, and government agencies across Lagos, Ogun, and Oyo States. The purpose was to investigate how performance reviews, key performance indicators (KPIs), and continuous performance management influence decisions about staff allocation. The researchers adopted a descriptive survey research design and selected a sample of 51 HR managers, supervisors, and personnel using stratified random sampling. The researchers collected data through structured questionnaires and analysed it using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation to determine relationships between variables. The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between effective performance evaluation methods and optimised staff allocation, with annual reviews (r = 0.451, p < 0.01), KPIs (r = 0.654, p < 0.01), and continuous performance management (r = 0.586, p < 0.01) all contributing to better task assignments and resource utilisation. The conclusion emphasised the importance of adopting comprehensive evaluation systems to enhance decision-making in staff allocation, ultimately improving organisational efficiency
Analysis of Nutritional Status, Physical Fitness and Learning Outcomes of SMP Negeri 2 Kuala Batee Aceh Barat Daya Students, Indonesia
Get PDFJunior high school is closely related to movement and food or nutrition. The nutrition obtained by a child through daily food consumption plays a major role in the child's life. SMP Negeri 2 Kuala Batee students are individuals who, during this growth period, experience great growth and development, so good nutrition and good fitness are needed to support the growth and development of more optimal children. This research includes descriptive research, which aims to determine the presence or absence of a relationship between variables and other variables, while the approach used to answer the problem is correlational. The samples in this study were Class I and Class II students of SMP Negeri 2 Kuala Batee, totalling 40 students. Sampling technique using random sampling by lottery. Data collection techniques using tests and measurements. The instrument used to determine the level of physical fitness is the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test for the age group 13-15 years, 2010. The nutritional status measurement instrument is the weight-for-height index for ages 6-17 – data analysis using the percentage formula. The results of measuring nutritional status show that students who are categorised as very thin are six students (15%), in the category of thin three students (7.5%), in the category of medium five students (12.5%), in the normal category 20 students (50%), in the position of fat two students (5%), Obesity 4 students (10%). The results of the physical fitness level test show that students with excellent physical fitness category one student (2.5%), good physical fitness category three students (7.5%), moderate physical fitness category 18 students (45%), physical fitness category less nine students (22.5%), physical fitness category very less (22.5%). So it can be concluded that class I and class II students of SMP Negeri 2 Kuala Batee have an average nutritional status of normal category, namely 50%, and moderate physical fitness level, namely 45%
Unique Standpoints of the Distinctive British Feminist Writers of the 20th Century (regarding Gender Concerns)
Get PDFThe 20th century bore witness to a transformative period in literature and society, where the echoes of feminism reverberated through the pens of visionary writers who sought to challenge and redefine gender norms. Among the luminaries of this literary movement were three distinguished British feminist writers – Virginia Woolf, Doris Lessing, and Angela Carter. Their works encapsulated the spirit of their time and forged unique paths in the feminist discourse, offering diverse perspectives on gender concerns.This research paper explores the distinct perspectives of three influential British feminist writers and their contributions to gender-related discourse. The primary goal is to analyse and compare the approaches of Virginia Woolf, Doris Lessing, and Angela Carter in addressing gender concerns within their literary works. The research focuses on understanding how these writers challenge traditional gender roles, critique patriarchal structures, and contribute to women's empowerment.The objects of the study include a comprehensive examination of selected works by each author, with a keen focus on identifying recurrent themes, narrative techniques, and ideological underpinnings related to gender. The analysis explores the historical and socio-cultural contexts that shaped these writers' unique gender-issue viewpoints.The results of this research aim to provide a nuanced understanding of how Virginia Woolf, Doris Lessing, and Angela Carter individually navigate and contribute to the feminist discourse. By comparing their works, the study seeks to elucidate commonalities and divergences in their feminist perspectives, shedding light on the evolving nature of feminist thought throughout the 20th century. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader conversation on the intersection of literature and feminism, offering insights into how these writers have influenced and shaped discussions around gender concerns