Traektoria Nauki
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Homogeneous-Base Catalysed in Situ Transesterification of Desert Date Kernels: Biodiesel Yield and Methanol Recovery Maximization
Get PDFDepletion of petroleum reserves and environmental-related problems such as climate change have triggered research towards sustainable and green substitutes for petroleum-based products. Biodiesel has been identified as a good replacement for conventional diesel. The traditional two-step biodiesel production approach can increase the capital and operating costs due to the requirement of two different units for extraction and the reaction. To overcome the problem, this research was carried out to produce biodiesel from desert date seeds through in situ potassium-hydroxide-catalysed methanolysis. Experimental investigations were conducted under different operating conditions, including temperature, time, and catalyst dosage. The optimal yield of 98.1% was achieved in 120 minutes at 50 °C using 3 g of catalyst. The one-factor at-time designed experimental data were analysed using Design Expert 13. Catalyst dosage was a significant model term, while time and temperature were not statistically significant, corroborating the experimental observation. The optimisation results predicted an optimal biodiesel yield of 86.9% at a reaction temperature of 50 °C, a reaction time of 160 minutes, and a 3 g catalyst dosage, which is close to the result obtained from the experimental investigation. The results from the characterisation showed that the product has the properties of biodiesel, and the cake can be useful for pyrolytic production of bio-oil and biochar since the cake had fat and carbohydrate contents of 38.432 and 43.911%, respectively
Smart Energy Management in Nigeria: Implementing IoT and AI for Sustainable Urban Development
Get PDFThis article explores the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in improving renewable energy management within urban development in Nigeria. With the global shift towards sustainable living, many urban areas are upgrading their infrastructure to be more environmentally friendly. This transition involves advancements in waste management, increased renewable energy generation, and integration of modern technologies to optimise energy systems. A key focus of this research is the importance of effective policies in addressing challenges within the energy, transportation, and building sectors. The document emphasises collaboration among municipal authorities and stakeholders to optimise clean energy deployment, making cities smarter and more sustainable. The Smart Green Energy (IoT-SGE) system is central to this discussion, as it employs IoT technology for precise energy usage regulation through continuous monitoring and secure communication. The integration of AI allows the system to learn and adapt over time, significantly enhancing energy management efficiency.The article provides insights into best practices and frameworks for advancing smart cities with improved renewable energy management by examining various studies and practical applications. It also analyses successful case studies from global smart cities, demonstrating how innovative strategies can lead to sustainable urban growth. This research aims to outline a comprehensive strategy for implementing smart energy management systems, fostering a more sustainable future for urban areas in Nigeria
Prevalence and Pattern of Smoking Among Youths in Ilorin East Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria
Get PDFScientific research has associated smoking with a wide variety of health problems, including reduced life expectancy. An estimated 4 million people worldwide die from smoking cigarettes each year. Between February and March 2020, 300 youths in Ilorin East LGA participated in a descriptive cross-sectional study. Researchers regarded a p-value of less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) as statistically significant and maintained a 95% confidence level. They found that the respondents had a mean age of 23.6 ± 4.7 years, with nearly half (42.3%) falling in the 21–25 age range and approximately two-thirds (77.3%) female. With a mean age of 23.6±4.7 years, nearly half of the respondents (42.3%) are in the 21–25 year age range, and roughly two-thirds (77.3%) are female. About half of the respondents (49.3%) smoke, with half of them smoking once a week (49.3%); nearly three-quarters of the respondents (73.3%) and (70.0%) had positive attitudes and knowledge regarding cigarette smoking. Most respondents (9.7%) agreed that their religion prohibits smoking, while 85.3% believed that peer pressure. The majority of respondents (9.7%) acknowledged that their religion prohibits smoking, and 85.3% agreed that peer pressure plays a role in encouraging young people to smoke. The respondents' smoking habits and sociodemographic characteristics correlate significantly (p<0.05). The majority of the youth in this survey who smoked had good knowledge and attitudes toward tobacco cigarettes, with a 49.3% prevalence rate. Religious beliefs, peer pressure, and parental smoking are all associated with the habit of smoking. A statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) exists between the respondents' smoking behaviour and sociodemographic traits
Sustainability Practices in Urban Cemetery Management
Get PDFDeath is a natural event that can have negative consequences for humans, psychological in nature, as well as environmental health. Efficient land use management is critical for preparing for the dead in metropolitan settings, particularly in Nigerian cities. The accessibility, sufficiency and efficacy of management solutions for the deceased are crucial, particularly in Nigerian cities with various populations and land uses. This research focused on the long-term viability of urban management systems for the deceased and the facilities and services provided by cemeteries. The scarcity of amenities and services in cemeteries causes problems for urban management systems, such as adequate burying space, upkeep and surveillance. Inefficient methods of handling the demands of city dwellers near cemeteries in city planning should be handled to enhance citizens' quality of life and protect and enhance the urban area. Scientific research papers, journals, conference proceedings and theses were used to review the literature on urban management for the deceased. Critical concerns discussed include managing cities for the dead, rising demand for burying space, ecological methods and balancing the needs of the living with the dead. These strategies include reusing places, promoting cremation, creating green burial grounds, and developing inclusive ecosystems. It is self-evident that as cities grow, so will demand for burial space, prompting a move toward more sustainable and environmentally friendly techniques. Providing services and facilities for mourners can help ease their grieving and foster a sense of solidarity to balance the needs of the living and the dead. Cemeteries must be appropriately incorporated into the city's fabric
An Analytical Study of the Proliferation of Private Schools in Nigeria
Get PDFThis analytical study delves into Nigeria's significant growth and proliferation of private schools. It aims to explore the factors contributing to this phenomenon and its implications for education in the country. By analysing various factors such as government policies, socio-economic dynamics, and parental preferences, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the rise of private schools in Nigeria. Nigeria is witnessing a drastic rise in privately owned primary and secondary schools. The proliferation of private schools coincides with the fact that the country's government cannot bear the burden of providing quality education to its citizens through public schools; thus, private schools have sprung up at every corner of the country to serve as an alternative to public schools. The provision of quality education by high-cost private schools has been immense over the years. Yet, many Nigerians need help to afford to send their children to these high-cost private schools, which has led to a rise in the number of low-cost private schools to serve the interests of citizens from the lower socio-economic class. The majority of these low-cost private schools need to be registered, thus making it difficult for the government to enforce the regulation of these schools to ensure the standard of education is maintained. While private schools offer several advantages, balancing their growth and maintaining a robust public education system is crucial. The government must play an active role in regulating private schools to ensure quality education is accessible to a wide range of students, regardless of socio-economic background. By addressing the challenges and harnessing the benefits of private schools, Nigeria can pave the way for a more inclusive and prosperous future in education
The Effect of Learning Cycle to Reduce Speaking Anxiety in Chinese Language Learners
Get PDFThis study aims to assess the level of speaking anxiety among Mandarin learners at Malang State Polytechnic and evaluate the effectiveness of the Learning Cycle (LC) model in reducing speaking anxiety during Mandarin language learning. The research follows a quasi-experimental approach and focuses on students enrolled in the Business Administration Study Program at Malang State Polytechnic. One class was selected as the experimental group, while another was the control group using the intact classes technique. Data collection involved observation and post-tests. The findings revealed that: 1) The Independent Sample T-Test indicated a significant difference in anxiety levels between the control and treatment groups, with the treatment group exhibiting a higher mean value of 34.40 compared to the control group's mean value of 9.12. Thus, it can be concluded that the anxiety level of the treatment group is better than that of the control group; 2) The Paired Sample T-test results demonstrated a significant influence between the group's Pre Test and post-test, with an increase in mean values from 53.32 to 62.44. Additionally, the Pre Test mean value was smaller at 45.79, while the Post Test mean value was 79.00
Extract of Water Hyacinth used in the Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organophosphate and Organochlorine Pesticides
Get PDFWater hyacinth, commonly known as Eichhornia crassipes, is a deadly aquatic weed known for causing environmental hazards, which include blocking river waters and canals and clogging irrigation and hydropower systems chemically. It also reduces the bio-oxygen demand (BOD) of the aquatic in the river, which tends to make the river unfriendly to the animals around it. Thus, many countries are trying their best for the removal of this weed using various methods. Green synthesis is an excellent tool utilised in the synthesis process of AgNPs. Water pollution and environmental pollution caused by organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides have threatened living organisms, animals, and humans; hence, there is a need to synthesise multifunctional materials that can be used to degrade various pollutants. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of biosynthesised Silver and Iron nanoparticles for catalytic degradation of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides. The sample was collected in Hayin Gada Mubi Road Girei Local Government area of Adamawa State with latitude 90 171 1611 N and Longitude 120 261 4811 East.Silver and Iron Nanoparticles were synthesised using Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth extract) and characterised using XRD, SEM, TEM, and SEM.EDX, UV-Spectrophotometer and FTIR. SEM/EDX, TEM, XRD, FTIR confirmed the formation of Silver and Iron Nano particles. UV-Spectrophotometer gave optical information whereby an excitation at 410 nm for silver and Iron 358 nm. Research on the photocatalytic degradation rate of Organochlorine and Organophosphate using varied concentrations of 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25 for AgNPs in the photocatalysis process was the primary goal of the present study. The influence of the main operating parameters such as photocatalyst concentration, Pesticide concentration, pH and effect of time. The result revealed that AgNPs have high and significant photocatalytic efficiency in organophosphate, and organochlorine has less degradation activity. In conclusion, the research aimed to achieve AgNPs have higher activity against organophosphate (Sniper) than Organochlorine (DDT)
Implementation of Preschool Program Management in West Lombok PAUD Institutions, Indonesia
Get PDFThe research aims to describe the implementation of PAUD program management in West Lombok. Then, prepare the design and steps for carrying out research, such as planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating/controlling all PAUD programs. The research approach used in this research is qualitative research, and data was collected using interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Qualitative data from research results are analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. In qualitative research, the stages of data analysis include the following: 1) Data Reduction, 2) Data Presentation, and 3) Conclusion drawing (conclusion drawing/verification). In addition, data validity tests such as transferability and confirmability were carried out. The research results show that PAUD program management in West Lombok PAUD institutions has gone quite well, as evidenced by the implementation of 4 management functions: planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising existing programs in PAUD institutions
The Management of Work Practice to Improve the Competitiveness of Graduates in the Business and Working World Industries at SMKN 1 Gerung West Lombok, Indonesia
Get PDFThis research aims to understand the planning and organization of work placement practices to enhance the competitiveness of graduates in the Business and Working World Industries (IDUKA) at SMKN 1 Gerung West Lombok. The approach used in this research is qualitative. The qualitative approach is employed as the study aims to obtain knowledge about the phenomena that occur and is conducted by involving various methods available. The sources of research data are primary data and secondary data. Primary data sources include the school principal, vice principals of curriculum, vice principals of public relations, program heads, internship supervisors, and IDUKA. Secondary data sources consist of documents owned by the school being studied. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and documentation, while data analysis techniques involve four stages: data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion/verification. The research findings in the planning phase are as follows: 1) Curriculum alignment; 2) Human resource planning, including establishing PKL committees, appointment of PKL supervisors, and notification to parents of students; 3) Mapping of IDUKA; 4) Preparation and implementation schedule for PKL; 5) Financing. The Organizational stage is carried out by forming PKL committees. In conclusion, the planning and organization of work placement practices at SMKN 1 Gerung West Lombok have enhanced graduates' competitiveness in the Business and Working World Industries (IDUKA)
Physical Education Teacher's Knowledge of ICT-Based Learning Media at Primary School
Get PDFThis research aims to determine the level of knowledge of Physical Education teachers regarding ICT-based learning media. This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The subjects of this research were 56 elementary school physical education teachers in Pidie Jaya Regency. The instrument used in this research is a knowledge test instrument, which contains multiple-choice test questions. Data analysis uses completeness level and percentage formulas. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that 1) The level of knowledge of Physical Education teachers regarding ICT-based learning media in elementary schools as a whole with an average of 72.54% is in the medium category; 2) The level of mastery of indicator 1 in designing learning media in the form of images with an average of 81.91% is in the excellent category; 3) Level of mastery of indicator two regarding making learning media in audio form with an average of 74.01% in the sufficient category; 4) Level of mastery of indicator three regarding making learning media in audiovisual form with an average of 65.17% in the medium category; 5) Level of mastery of indicator four regarding projecting learning media in visual form with an average of 67.09% in the poor category; 6) Level of mastery of indicators 5 in internet browsing-based learning media with an average of 73.66% in the medium category