Traektoria Nauki
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Green Energy Cooperation and Political Security Issues for a Broader South Caucasus Region
Full text linkThe paper is devoted to the study of positive political and regional security impacts of the regional green energy production and export projects being implemented in the South Caucasus, such as "green energy zone" projects in the Republic of Azerbaijan, as well as the Black Sea Submarine Cable (BSSC), which are important transregional energy connectivity platform between EU and South Caucasus. The main conclusion of the paper is that green energy cooperation is highly important both in addressing the negative impacts of global climate change and for mitigating political and regional security risks. Moreover, the paper focuses on the green energy potential of each country in the region. It provides an analysis of the geopolitical, environmental, and energy security perspectives of such projects in the South Caucasus, which has been plagued by ethnic conflicts orchestrated by geopolitical players for over 30 years since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991
ChatGPT vs Human Writing: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of IELTS Task 2 Authorship
Full text linkArtificial intelligence tools, such as ChatGPT, have recently become increasingly prevalent in the academic world due to their remarkable capabilities for generating essays, including logical structure, contextual relevance, and advanced vocabulary. Undoubtedly, these tools outperform humans in many aspects; however, despite their language-driven strengths, machine-generated content exhibits apparent shortcomings that make it easily identifiable as machine-authored. This article examines the critical deficiencies and limitations of AI writing, with a focus on the significant qualitative and quantitative differences between human-written and automated texts. It emphasises the originality and emotional colouring of human writing while highlighting the absence of these qualities in AI-generated essays despite their linguistic advantages. These findings may guide educators in helping learners refine their writing skills, identify common errors in human writing, and recognise the unique style that distinguishes it from machine-generated writing. The outcomes can be helpful not only in the academic environment but also in AI development, making the generated texts more closely resemble human writing
Strategic Balancing in the South Caucasus: Azerbaijan's Multi-Vector Foreign Policy and New Actors
Full text linkAs one of the main arenas of modern geopolitical competition, ensuring security and stability in the South Caucasus is characterised by the mutual relations of the three neighboring countries of the region, Iran, Russia, and Türkiye, the development of regional strategies of the United States and Western Europe, as well as the relations of traditional actors towards new players entering the system of regional international relations. The independence of the countries in the region coincided with a period of significant turmoil and uncertainty. During the 1990s, the policies of the United States and Russia towards the region were on the verge of evolution. While Russia, Iran, and Türkiye, neighbouring countries of the South Caucasus, had historical, ethnic, and religious interests, the United States and the European Union evaluated the region more from the perspective of energy, democracy, and security. However, today, new changes are taking place in the regional security environment, primarily manifested in the weakening of traditional actors' influence and the entry of new actors, such as China, India, Pakistan, Israel, and the Gulf countries, into the regional geopolitical competition space. At the same time, the security of the South Caucasus is closely linked to the security of other regions - the Middle East, the Balkans, the Black Sea basin, and Central Asia. In this regard, new challenges are emerging for the foreign policy of the South Caucasus states. The struggle of new powers for influence in the region, on the one hand, allows Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia to implement a more balanced and multi-vector policy.On the other hand, the problem of reconciling different interests arises. The emergence of new participants in the South Caucasus presents an opportunity to diminish the influence of traditional actors seeking to maintain the status quo and manipulate the region's countries. At the same time, economic projects, increased investments, construction and planning of transport corridors can stimulate the positive development of the regional security architecture.On the other hand, the problem of reconciling different interests arises. The emergence of new participants in the South Caucasus presents an opportunity to diminish the influence of traditional actors seeking to maintain the status quo and manipulate the region's countries. At the same time, economic projects, increased investments, construction and planning of transport corridors can stimulate the positive development of the regional security architecture
Remittances, Migration and Human Capital Development in Low In-come Economies
Full text linkNigeria receives about $21 billion in remittances each year, even as the country loses skilled workers to migration. This paper tests how money sent home shapes human-capital choices in low-income settings. We study Nigerian households and track education and health spending as key outcomes. We also check thresholds by transfer size and regularity, and how effects differ by who migrated and why. Using household survey data and standard econometric models, we find that steady, higher-value inflows raise school attendance and out-of-pocket health spending. The gains are strongest in liquidity-constrained homes. Results point to remittances as a risk-sharing and investment tool, not just income support. Policy should lower remittance costs and link inflows to training and care programmes
Artificial Neural Network Modelling, Simulation and Prediction of Gas Production
Full text linkRecently, exploration, drilling and production in oil and gas sources have become challenging owing to the complexity of the system. Industry developers established these sources several years ago, and their production histories now differ. To that end, the production and administration of oil and gas resources have necessitated the application of an advanced method of data processing, referred to as an artificial neural network, to solve these challenges. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN), a type of Artificial Intelligence (AI), is a network of interconnected nodes inspired by the structure of neurons in the brain. One primary goal of neural networks is to solve the complex problems of the oil and gas industry that cannot be easily addressed using traditional modelling tools. This method typically helps decision-makers improve choices and reduce non-productive time and costs. In this research, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model of a gas production system in MATLAB to model, simulate, and predict gas production. We trained the network on field gas-production data, using temperature and pressure as input parameters, and applied various training algorithms. We varied the number of hidden-layer neurons and the delays in the model, which produced 35 distinct outputs. The predicted outputs demonstrated excellent performance, achieving a correlation value of 0.98 and a mean squared error of less than 2%. Furthermore, the statistical error metrics showed excellent agreement between the ANN predictions and field report data. Thus, the results indicated that the ANN model could be applied to predict gas production accurately from a flow station
Управління конфліктами в кроскультурній організації: вплив культурного інтелекту лідера
Full text linkThe article examines conflict management in a cross-cultural work environment as a critical component of the effective functioning of international organisations. It analyses the impact of cultural differences on communication styles, approaches to conflict resolution, and team dynamics, as well as the role of cultural intelligence (CQ) in ensuring effective interaction and productivity. It highlights the competencies of managers, including cultural sensitivity, innovative competence, communication adaptability, and the ability to manage cross-cultural teams. Special attention is paid to the roles of expatriates and inpatriates in global organisations, as well as the importance of local managers in maintaining stability and ensuring effective management. It is shown that awareness of cultural differences, the development of an inclusive culture, and the use of individual approaches to conflict resolution enable organisations to realise the benefits of cultural diversity, thereby reducing the risks of misunderstandings and conflicts.У статті розглядається управління конфліктами в міжкультурному робочому середовищі як критично важлива складова ефективного функціонування міжнародних організацій. Аналізується вплив культурних відмінностей на стилі спілкування, підходи до вирішення конфліктів та командну динаміку, а також роль культурного інтелекту (CQ) у забезпеченні ефективної взаємодії та продуктивності. Висвітлюються компетенції менеджерів, включно з культурною чутливістю, інноваційною компетентністю, комунікаційною адаптивністю та здатністю до управління кроскультурними командами. Особлива увага приділяється ролям експатріантів і інпатріантів у глобальних організаціях, а також значенню місцевих менеджерів у підтриманні стабільності та ефективності управління. Показано, що усвідомлення культурних відмінностей, розвиток інклюзивної культури та використання індивідуальних підходів до вирішення конфліктів дозволяє організаціям реалізовувати переваги культурного різноманіття, зменшуючи ризики непорозумінь та конфлікті
Analysis of Pedagogical Competence of PPG Students in the Field of PJOK Study Wave 2 Unimed in 2024
Full text linkPedagogical competence is one of the essential skills that every teacher needs to possess, as it significantly impacts the success of the learning process in the classroom. This study aims to observe the pedagogical abilities of PPG Teacher Candidates in the field of PJOK, specifically in recognising students, designing learning processes, implementing learning, assessing learning outcomes, and developing students. The research method used in this study is a mixed-methods approach (Sequential mixed methods). In this study, the population consisted of PPG Teacher Candidate students in the field of PJOK who were undergoing PPL at SMA Negeri 11 Medan, and the sample was selected using a total sampling technique. Data collection is employed in two ways: through quantitative methods, which utilise questionnaire instruments, and qualitative methods, which involve interviews. Based on the study's results, it is known that.1) Students have shown a good understanding of the characteristics of students, and they adjust their teaching methods to the needs of students' developmental learning styles.2) Students' ability to design learning has shown promising results; they can make structured lesson plans and appropriate methods in designing learning stages that support learning outcomes.3) The implementation of learning carried out by PPG students is in the good category by making creative and engaging learning; they can also master the material well to convey to students.4) students conduct good assessments by using various methods such as formative and summative tasks and skills,5) Students actively develop their abilities by being empathetic and communicative
Information as a Tool for Organisational Development: a Case Study of MTN Lagos, Nigeria
Full text linkInformation is, no doubt, one of the basic rudiments that can propel an organisation to a height in no time. It is on record that organisations that recorded overwhelming success globally relied heavily on the available information they had. When there is information, wise decisions and informed judgments will be made. The crux of the matter is the ability to manage available information, the source for more reliable information both within and outside the organisation, process and implement the information. It is against this contention that this research work is carried out. Therefore, this research aims to examine and analyse the role of efficient information management in MTN Lagos's organisational development.In conclusion, a sample of 35 employees, comprising top management and junior staff, was drawn for the research. The researchers administered thirty-five copies of the questionnaire, but participants adequately filled out and returned only thirty. This study found that organisations manage their information, leading to organisational development. However, there were problems which, if appropriately addressed, more success could be attained. The study, therefore, recommends that organisations obtain sophisticated automation capable of withstanding complex issues and motivating staff so that they put corporate objectives beyond personal objectives
Improving the Critical Thinking Ability of Students of Vocational Schools Using Portable Multi CDI Ignition Systems based Virtual Reality
Full text linkImproving critical thinking skills is imperative in 21st century education, especially at the Vocational High School (SMK) level. This article highlights the limited level of mastery of critical thinking among vocational school students, especially in the fields of engineering and the motorbike business. The proposed approach to improve these skills involves the use of a multi-CDI portable motorcycle ignition system trainer in problem-based learning. Through the Problem Based Learning approach, students are invited to identify damage, explain the cause, apply repair procedures, analyze repair results, and evaluate the results. The use of appropriate media and learning methods is recognized as the key to creating unique interaction patterns, bringing a cognitive dimension to the learning process. The student-center approach is the main focus, because it is considered a key factor in improving students' critical thinking skills in vocational schools. Thus, this article proposes concrete and relevant solutions to advance the critical thinking skills of vocational school students, especially in the fields of engineering and the motorbike business.
Enhancing Power Grid Resilience Through Energy Storage And Demand Response
Full text linkThe resilience of power grids is increasingly essential in the face of climate change, extreme weather events, and the growing complexity of energy systems. To ensure continuous electricity supply during outages and stress events, utilities and grid operators are exploring innovative solutions. This paper examines two key strategies — energy storage systems (ESS) and demand response (DR) — for enhancing grid resilience. Energy storage technologies allow grid operators to store excess electricity during periods of low demand and release it during peak usage or disturbances.Meanwhile, demand response programs encourage consumers to adjust their energy consumption patterns in response to grid needs, improving operational flexibility and reducing stress on the infrastructure. This paper examines the combined potential of ESS and DR in improving grid stability, mitigating the effects of system failures, and optimising energy usage. We present a framework for integrating both technologies into grid operations and evaluate case studies of successful deployments. Results indicate that combining ESS with DR programs supports immediate grid reliability and contributes to long-term sustainability by reducing operational costs and enhancing system flexibility