Traektoria Nauki
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Authentic Assessment in Chemistry Education at Senior High Schools and Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review (2015–2025)
Get PDFThis study aims to systematically examine the types, implementation, roles of educators, and challenges in the application of authentic assessment in chemistry education at the senior high school and higher education levels. The research team searched the literature using the Publish or Perish software, accessed through the Google Scholar database, for the period from 2015 to 2025. From an initial 200 articles identified, screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded 25 relevant articles for further analysis. Data were analysed qualitatively using a thematic approach based on four main research questions. The findings reveal that educators have implemented authentic assessment in various forms, including performance assessment, projects, portfolios, inquiry-based experiments, e-portfolios, as well as self- and peer-assessment. These models emphasise a holistic integration of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Educators implement authentic assessments in diverse learning contexts, both face-to-face and online, and often integrate them with real-world, problem-based activities. Teachers and lecturers play roles as instrument designers, learning facilitators, and providers of formative feedback. However, the implementation of authentic assessment still faces several challenges, such as time constraints, limited facilities, digital readiness, and a lack of educator training. This review recommends policy support and the strengthening of teacher and lecturer capacity to ensure the effective implementation of authentic assessment in chemistry education
Exploring the Impact of Integrated Biological and Emotional Intelligence-Based Counseling Strategies on Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Development in Preschoolers
Get PDFThis study investigated the effectiveness of an integrated biological and emotional intelligence-based counselling intervention on developmental outcomes in Nigerian preschoolers during the critical early childhood period. Using a randomised controlled trial design, 128 preschoolers (ages 3-5) from eight Lagos State early childhood centers were assigned to intervention (n=64) or control (n=64) groups, with assessments at baseline, mid-intervention (4.5 months), and post-intervention (9 months) using standardised cognitive assessments, behavioral rating scales, and neurophysiological measures from 32 participants. Results demonstrated significant improvements in the intervention group across all developmental domains: cognitive flexibility (d=0.76), inhibitory control (d=0.68), working memory (d=0.55), emotional awareness (d=0.73), emotion regulation (d=0.62), emotional vocabulary (d=0.79), prosocial behaviors (d=0.70), conflict resolution (d=0.67), reduced aggressive incidents (d=0.58), increased prefrontal cortex activation (d=0.73), improved neural efficiency (d=0.64), reduced stress reactivity (d=0.69), and faster stress recovery (d=0.76). Intervention effects were consistent across gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, with children having lower baseline executive function showing powerful improvements. These findings provide compelling evidence that integrated biological and emotional intelligence-based counselling approaches significantly enhance multiple developmental outcomes during the preschool period, supporting the effectiveness of the intervention in promoting lifelong foundations for emotional resilience, cognitive adaptability, and social competence
Bridging the Gap: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mhealth Interventions in Improving Antenatal Care Uptake and Reducing Maternal Mortality in Rural Northern Nigeria
Get PDFThis systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) interventions in improving antenatal care (ANC) uptake and reducing maternal mortality in rural Northern Nigeria. Drawing from 50 studies involving over 85,000 participants, the findings reveal that mHealth interventions—particularly SMS-based solutions—significantly enhance attendance at ANC (OR 1.85), skilled birth attendance (OR 1.67), and utilisation of postnatal care (OR 1.94). Researchers found that educational text messages improved ANC uptake by up to 67%, with SMS interventions proving to be the most cost-effective. Despite these promising outcomes, barriers such as digital illiteracy, poor network infrastructure, and socio-cultural resistance remain. The study supports the integration of tailored mHealth strategies into maternal health policies for rural Nigerian contexts
Strategic Communication for Crisis Management in Public Health Institutions: Lessons from Nigeria and Beyond
Get PDFStrategic communication plays a central role in public health crisis management, especially during high-impact emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper presents a comparative case analysis of strategic communication practices across two public health institutions: the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and the U.S.-based HEAL (Health Equity Action Lab), a data-focused public health initiative committed to advancing health equity and strengthening crisis response among underserved communities. Using a qualitative content analysis of secondary data, including institutional reports, press briefings, global frameworks (WHO, CDC), and scholarly evaluations, the study explores how communication clarity, transparency, timeliness, leadership visibility, and stakeholder engagement influenced public trust and crisis responsiveness. The analysis identifies key divergences and similarities in the communication strategies employed by each institution. HEAL demonstrated high leadership visibility and message clarity but lacked robust feedback mechanisms and transparency. NCDC showed improvement over time but was often constrained by reactive messaging and limited stakeholder inclusion. A thematic integration reveals that institutions with consistent messaging and participatory planning were better able to maintain public confidence and internal alignment. The study concludes by highlighting the consequences of weak strategic communication, such as public scepticism, misinformation spread, and non-compliance. It proposes a cross-context framework for strengthening crisis communication in future emergencies. These findings offer actionable insights for public health leaders and policymakers in both developed and developing settings
Globalization and Stock Market Development in Nigeria
Get PDFGlobalisation affects new stock markets in many ways, and earlier research has not always reached consistent conclusions. Nigeria's stock market has grown fast, but it has also become more unpredictable. This study examines how various aspects of globalisation have influenced Nigeria's stock market from 1990 to 2023. We used yearly data on market size, ease of trading, price changes, and market efficiency, along with scores for economic, social, and political globalisation. Our method enabled us to observe both short- and long-term effects. We found that economic globalisation was linked to a 0.85% drop in market size for every 1% increase, while more trade with other countries made trading easier by 0.62%. More foreign investment in stocks led to a 0.31% increase in price changes. The market bounced back quickly after disruptions. Our results showed that globalisation and market growth are mutually reinforcing. Social globalisation helped the market, while political globalisation had mixed effects. These findings suggest that countries like Nigeria should move carefully to gain from trade while keeping financial risks in check
Artificial Intelligence in Embryo Selection
Get PDFDespite four decades of refinement, in vitro fertilisation live birth rates plateau at 25-30% globally, largely due to limitations in subjective embryo selection. We evaluated whether artificial intelligence-assisted embryo selection improves clinical pregnancy rates compared to conventional morphological assessment. This multi-centre prospective cohort study was conducted across six university-affiliated IVF clinics in the United Kingdom between January 2023 and March 2024. We enrolled 1,187 patients undergoing single blastocyst transfer, with 1,172 completing the analysis (585 in the control group and 587 in the intervention group). The study compared a 6-month control phase using conventional morphological grading against a 6-month intervention phase employing the iDAScore v1.0 deep learning algorithm. The primary outcome analysis employed logistic regression, adjusted for female age, body mass index, anti-Müllerian hormone level, and infertility diagnosis. Clinical pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the AI-assisted group (45.7%, 268/587) compared to the conventional group (38.1%, 223/585), with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.40 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.77; p = 0.004). This represents a 40% increase in pregnancy odds and an absolute improvement of 7.6 percentage points. AI-assisted embryo selection significantly improves clinical pregnancy rates whilst maintaining the safety standard of single embryo transfer
Adopting Artificial Intelligence in Small And Medium Enterprises: Exploring Administrative Challenges and Strategic Pathways For Effective Implementation
Get PDFResearchers increasingly recognise Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a transformative force in organisational management, yet Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) face unique challenges in adopting these technologies. This study examines the administrative challenges and strategic pathways involved in adopting AI in SMEs. The research team used a qualitative design and collected data through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews with SME administrators across multiple sectors.Findings reveal four significant administrative challenges: financial constraints, skills deficits, organisational resistance to change, and policy uncertainty. These barriers restrict SMEs' ability to integrate AI technologies effectively. However, SMEs demonstrate resilience through strategic pathways, including incremental adoption of AI solutions, staff training and capacity building, partnerships with technology providers and research institutions, and collective advocacy for policy support. The study highlights that AI adoption is not merely a technical process but a complex administrative and institutional phenomenon shaped by leadership readiness, organisational culture, and external policy environments.The study concludes that effective AI adoption requires a dual approach: strengthening internal organisational strategies while ensuring supportive external institutional frameworks
Youth Slang in the Era of Digitalisation and Globalisation: Structure, Functions and Social Significance
Get PDFМолодежный сленг в эпоху цифровизации и глобализации представляет собой динамичное языковое явление, отражающее ключевые культурные и социальные процессы современности. В статье рассматриваются структура и функции сленговой лексики, её роль в формировании групповой идентичности, социальной дифференциации и экспрессивного выражения. Особое внимание уделено влиянию глобализации и цифровых технологий, ускоряющих распространение лексических инноваций и способствующих интернационализации молодежного общения. Анализ показал, что сленг активно использует заимствования, аббревиации, семантические сдвиги и графические новации, превращаясь в креативный механизм языковой адаптации. Сленг рассматривается не только как элемент повседневного общения, но и как культурный код поколения Z, транслирующий ценности, мировоззренческие установки и социальные позиции. Изучение молодежного сленга позволяет глубже понять процессы языковой эволюции и закономерности развития современного общества.Youth slang in the era of digitalisation and globalisation is a dynamic linguistic phenomenon that reflects key cultural and social processes of the modern world. This article examines the structure and functions of slang vocabulary, its role in the formation of group identity, social differentiation and expressive communication. Particular attention is paid to the influence of globalisation and digital technologies, which accelerate the spread of lexical innovations and contribute to the internationalisation of youth communication. The analysis showed that slang actively employs borrowings, abbreviations, semantic shifts, and graphic innovations, serving as a creative mechanism of language adaptation. Slang is considered not only an element of everyday communication but also a cultural code of Generation Z, transmitting values, worldviews, and social positions. The study of youth slang allows for a deeper understanding of the processes of language evolution and the patterns of development of modern society
Digital Diplomacy and Small States: The Case of Kosovo
Get PDFDigital diplomacy in modern times is increasingly being used and gaining momentum. With advances in technology, the methods of conducting diplomacy have also evolved. One of these evolutions is digital diplomacy. This paper examines the role of digital diplomacy in affirming Kosovo as a new and small state in the international arena. Considering the challenges Kosovo faces in gaining international recognition and improving its image, it has used diplomatic approaches and digital tools to enhance recognition and build international relations. This paper analyses the strategies and messages of Kosovo's institutions and diplomats on social networks and digital platforms. This study identifies the advantages and limitations that small states with different international statuses and capacities face. Based on the analysis conducted in this paper, the findings show that Kosovo uses digital technology to strengthen its international relations and image, to challenge political obstacles, and to build support. In this paper, we highlight the importance of digital diplomacy as a strategic tool for small states in the modern era and amid ongoing technological development. This analysis reveals that digital diplomacy is an appropriate method and mechanism to address the limitations of traditional diplomacy, thereby strengthening the influence of small states in the international arena, with a particular focus on the case of Kosovo
Financial Inclusion and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: The Role of Mobile Banking, Microfinance Institutions, and Digital Payment Systems
Get PDFDespite the growth of digital finance, many Nigerians are still outside the formal financial system. This study examines whether mobile banking, microfinance, and digital payments help reduce poverty. In 2024, we surveyed 500 adults in Lagos and Enugu to understand how their use of financial services relates to income, assets, emergency funds, school attendance, and housing. We found that 68.4% had bank accounts, but only 52.3% used them regularly, showing a 16.1% gap between account ownership and use. Mobile banking reached 42.4% of people who previously did not have bank accounts. Microfinance users were more likely to expand their businesses (52.8% versus 21.5%). Financial inclusion helped people perform better in all areas. For instance, 68.4% of fully included people earned more than ₦50,000 a month, compared to only 23.3% of excluded people. These findings show that people use both formal and informal financial tools. Policies should focus on encouraging regular use and addressing barriers such as cost, paperwork, and digital skills