Traektoria Nauki
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The Integration of Artificial Intelligence Into Graphic Communication Design Profession: Opportunities and Challenges
Full text linkThe opportunities for integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into graphic communication design are transforming the profession, even as this technological shift presents significant potential alongside inherent challenges. Using a quantitative approach, this research surveyed graphic communication designers via questionnaires and interviews to assess the benefits and drawbacks of AI tools in the graphic design profession. Results indicate that AI tools can effectively enhance workflows and should be regarded as partners. However, there are critical challenges, including ethical issues related to authorship, originality, and the potential undervaluation of traditional skills. Navigating this new landscape requires a balanced approach that maximises AI's benefits while addressing its impact on the profession's future
The Impact of Mass Media on Rice Production in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria
Full text linkThe study on the impact of mass media usage on rice production in Anambra State primarily focused on identifying the farmers' socio-economic characteristics and determining the significant sources of mass media used by rice farmers to access agricultural information. A multi-stage random sampling technique was employed, and a well-structured questionnaire was used to gather information from 337 farmers. The study employed descriptive statistics, regression models, and inferential statistics to analyse the data using SPSS version 23.0 and Excel software. The study suggested that males (60%) are more involved in rice farming in Anambra State. The mean age and farming experience were 39 years and 12 years, respectively. The study reveals that the majority (43.64%) of the farmers attended primary school, with a mean farm size of 1ha, and an average output of 4.813 tons/ha. The study shows that the mean household size is 7. Thus, we must emphasise the importance of mass media in disseminating agricultural information
Phytochemical Evaluation and Pharmacological Activities of Leaf and Fruit Extracts of African Blackberry Nightshade - Solanum Nigrum Linn. (Niprd H 7357)
Full text linkSolanum nigrum is a tropical plant sometimes used as a vegetable for consumption in some communities where they grow in the wild, with anecdotal reports of its usefulness as a medicinal plant, especially in treating asthma. This present study aimed to determine the phytochemical constituents of the leaf, fruit, and seed of Solanum nigrum Linn. extracts and evaluate its pharmacological activities via ATBS and DPPH assays evaluate its pharmacological activities of the chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts.The researcher collected fresh leaves and fruits of privately cultivated Solanum nigrum Linn. from FCT Abuja, Nigeria, extracted them using solvents (chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol), and evaluated the pharmacological activities of the various extracts via ATBS and DPPH assays.Alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, flavosterols, fixed oils, terpenoids, and saponins were present in both the leaf and fruit extracts of Solanum nigrum. The fruits, however, have higher concentrations of phenols, flavonoids, and vitamins B1, B2, and C. Our Study further showed that the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts exhibited high ABTS and DPPH scavenging capacity. The high ABTS and DPPH scavenging capacity by the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts suggests that the plant has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant properties and authenticate its traditional use in the treatment of asthma. Therefore, future research on the effect of plant extracts on smooth muscles and, subsequently, clinical trials on asthma patients is recommended.
Effective Principal Leadership Strategy in Managing Integrated Islamic School Organisation at SMA IT Yarsi Mataram, Indonesia
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to determine the effective principal leadership strategy in managing an integrated Islamic school organisation at SMA IT YARSI Mataram and the supporting and inhibiting factors of the effective principal leadership strategy in managing an integrated Islamic school organisation at SMA IT YARSI Mataram. This study employs a qualitative approach, utilising a case study research design. The data collection techniques employed are interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique employed is the Miles and Huberman model, which involves data reduction, data presentation, and data analysis to conclude. The results of this study indicate that the effective principal leadership strategy carried out is to develop the school's vision and mission based on the integration of holistic intelligence (intellectual-spiritual) and the principles of the Qur'an, align all components of the school, carry out recruitment and development of human resources, implement curriculum standards, and integrate Islamic values with everyday life. Internal supporting factors are the principal's experience in managing SIT and the condition of human resources following JSIT. External supporting factors are good relations with the foundation, cooperation with the committee and parents, adequate facilities and infrastructure and available educational funding. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include the condition of teaching and educational personnel, the availability of facilities and infrastructure, and obstacles in managing school organisations
Effect of Firm Characteristics on Financial Performance Of Listed Food and Beverage Companies in Nigeria
Full text linkThis study examines the influence of firm characteristics—specifically, firm age, size, leverage, and liquidity–on the financial performance of listed food and beverage companies in Nigeria from 2008 to 2017. Using an ex post facto research design and panel data regression analysis on data collected from 14 firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, the study examined how these organisational attributes influence Return on Assets (ROA). Results reveal that the model explains 33.53% (R² = 0.3353) of the variation in financial performance, with firm size (β = 2.4884, p < 0.0001) and liquidity (β = 6.0807, p = 0.0204) showing significant positive relationships with ROA. In contrast, leverage (β = -0.1359, p < 0.0001) demonstrated a significant negative impact, and firm age (β = -0.0465, p = 0.4288) showed no significant influence. The study concludes that internal firm characteristics play a crucial role in determining the financial performance of Nigerian food and beverage companies. It recommends that management should prioritise efficient asset utilisation, implement strategic growth initiatives, exercise caution in capital structure decisions by favouring equity over debt financing, and enhance liquidity management to improve financial outcomes
Enhancing Nutritional and Microbial Quality of African Fermented Condiments through Mixed Fermentation of Locust Beans and Soybeans
Full text linkThis study investigates the effect of mixed fermentation on the microbial, nutritional, and sensory properties of a traditional African condiment, "Opey", which is made from locust beans and soybeans. Microbial profiling revealed a reduction in pathogenic organisms and an enrichment in beneficial lactic acid bacteria during the mixed fermentation. The proximate analysis revealed increased protein (42.1 g/100 g), fat (19.9 g/100 g), and mineral content (7.32 g/100 g) in Opey compared to individual fermentations. The pH dropped to 4.6 in mixed fermentation, indicating that lactic acid bacteria likely drove acidification. Sensory evaluation showed improved taste and texture scores. The results highlight the potential of soybean fortification to enhance the nutritional value and safety of traditional locust bean-based condiments
Student Competence Development in Participating in Science Competition at State Islamic High School (MAN 1), Mataram, Indonesia
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to formulate effective student competency development at MAN 1 Mataram in improving achievement in science, identify factors that influence student competency development in participating in science competitions at MAN 1 Mataram, and describe the results of implementing student competency development at MAN 1 Mataram in improving achievement in science competitions. This study employs a qualitative approach, utilising a case study method. The data sources used are both primary and secondary. Primary data sources are obtained from teachers, lecturers, alumni, and students who are part of the KSM team. Secondary data sources, on the other hand, are obtained from archives, photographs, and literature studies, including book media. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis procedure involves data collection, analysis, reduction, display, and verification, as well as data examination using credibility tests, transmissibility tests, defendability, and confirmability. The results of this study are: 1) The coaching process follows systematic stages, including scheduled time, additional lesson hours, practice questions with varying difficulty levels (from easy to complex), and private tutoring; 2) Factors that influence student competency coaching at MAN 1 Mataram in participating in science competitions, namely internal and external factors; 3) The implementation of student competency coaching at MAN 1 Mataram has been proven effective in improving science competition achievements, as evidenced by increased academic achievement, strengthened scientific skills, and the development of students' competitive character
The Stability of Columns Against Lateral Impacts and Vertical Loads of a Three-Storey Building Using Euler and Vianello Method
Full text linkAttacks on city centres using vehicle bombs have become characteristic of the campaigns of various organisations of international terrorism. An explosion of a bomb inside or directly near a structure may lead to disastrous consequences for the external and internal structural frames of the building, as well as the collapse of walls, the explosion of large panels of windows, and the disconnection of key life-safety systems. Numerous factors, including direct blast effects, collapse of the structure, impacts of the debris, fire, and smoke, may cause death and physical injuries to the occupants.The indirect impacts may merge to block or hinder people from evacuating on time, thus leading to additional losses. Moreover, significant disasters caused by the explosion of gases + chemicals lead to high dynamic loads, exceeding the initial design loads, of most constructions. Such extreme loading conditions pose significant danger, and hence, over the last 30 years, efforts have been underway to study ways of structural analysis and design to resist blast loads. Blast analysis and design of buildings subjected to blast impact loading demand an extensive knowledge of blast phenomena and the dynamic response of several structural components. The paper gives an informative account of the impact of an explosion on buildings. The nature of explosions and how the blast waves in free air work is explained. This paper also presents diverse methods for estimating blast loads and structural response
Modelling and Optimisation of a Reactive Distillation Process for Biodiesel Production
Full text linkReactive distillation is a method that integrates distillation and a chemical reaction into a single entity. The reaction releases heat that automatically drives the separation of the components, which makes the process particularly advantageous for exothermic reactions. The process also offers a novel alternative to liquid-phase chemical reaction processes, in the sense that the separation of products from unconverted reactants enables high conversion, as product removal restores equilibrium and forces the reaction to completion. There are numerous advantages of this method. However, the fusion of chemical activities and separation in the same unit of apparatus has created some difficulties in the process, and chemical engineers are still working on determining the optimal parameters for operating the process effectively. In this article, the authors model and enhance a reactive distillation process that yields biodiesel (methyl propionate) and water as by-products from the esterification of propionic acid and methanol. They accomplished the esterification process by using tests generated with Design Expert and Aspen HYSYS. They optimised the process with MATLAB to maximise the biodiesel yield. The manipulated variables were the reflux ratio and the column's reboiler duty. The results of the optimisation and validation process showed that the best conditions for producing high-purity biodiesel with a mole fraction of 0.8435 were a reflux ratio of 5 and a reboiler duty of 500000 kJ/s, respectively
Money Supply and Agricultural Output Nexus: The Nigerian Experience
Full text linkThis study examined the nexus between the money supply and agricultural sector output in Nigeria from 1990 to 2023. The study's specific objectives were to investigate the influence of the money supply on agricultural sector output and to determine the direction of the relationship between them, using an autoregressive lag model and a Granger causality test. The study's result showed a long-term link between money supply and agricultural output. It also showed that the broad money supply had a direct and significant long-term impact on the agrarian sector's production within the study period. Researchers using the Granger causality test found a one-directional relationship between the broad money supply and agricultural sector output. The study recommended that policymakers and the government should provide concessional credit instruments to farmers to increase access to these credit facilities and enhance agrarian output