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In Bewegung versetzt: Forschungen zum Archiv des Kunstethnologen Hans Himmelheber
Get PDFDer Nachlass des deutschen Kunstethnologen und Sammlers Hans Himmelheber (1908-2003) kam aus dem Privatbesitz seiner Familie an das Museum Rietberg Zürich. Ein Forschungsprojekt in Kooperation mit dem Historischen Seminar der Universität Zürich begleitete die Archivwerdung von Himmelhebers Dokumenten, Filmen, Fotos und Objekten vor allem aus der heutigen Côte d'Ivoire und der Demokratischen Republik Kongo. Die darin reflektierte Wissensproduktion zur Kunst Afrikas wurde multiperspektivisch und translokal untersucht, etwa mit Restudies. Weil Himmelhebers Theorien am Beginn eines Paradigmenwechsels hinsichtlich der materiellen Kultur Afrikas standen, weg von einer als anonym wahrgenommenen "tribalen" Handwerkskunst hin zur individuellen Künstlerpersönlichkeit, spielten auch zeitgenössische und heutige künstlerische Positionen eine wichtige Rolle im Projekt. Das Archiv wurde zum Feld, das es in unterschiedlicher Weise zu erkunden galt. Unsere Reisen in dieses "Feld" sind nun wiederum Bestandteile des von den Nachkommen übergebenen und durch die Bearbeitung (auch digital) neu geschaffenen Archivs Himmelheber.The private archives of the German art anthropologist and collector Hans Himmelheber (1908-2003) were transferred from the ownership of his family to the Museum Rietberg in Zurich. A research project in collaboration with the Department of History at the University of Zurich accompanied the archiving of Himmelheber's documents, films, photos and objects, which mainly come from what is now Ivory Coast and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The production of knowledge about African art reflected in these rich archives was examined from different perspectives and in different places, for example with the help of restudies. Since Himmelheberʼs theories stand at the beginning of a paradigm shift in the study of the material culture of Africa, away from anonymous "tribal" craftsmanship and towards individual artistic personality (Künstlerpersönlichkeit), contemporary and current artistic positions played an important role in the project. The archive became a field that could be explored in different ways. Our journeys into this "field" are now part of a new Himmelheber archive, which has been recreated through research, restudies, artistic interventions and (digital) processing
No votes for old men: Leaders' age and youth turnout in comparative perspective
Get PDFAcross countries, young people vote less than older citizens. While a few explanations have been suggested, this paper proposes that one core reason lies in youth under-representation in partisan politics, in particular as issues such as climate change increase the salience of inter-generational conflict. I argue that young people are less likely to vote in elections if they do not feel their age represented by candidates. I test this with data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems spanning 223 national elections in 58 countries between 1996 and 2021, combined with data on 980 party leaders and/or presidential candidates in those elections. I find that respondents younger than 30 are up to 4 per cent less likely to vote if the leading candidate of their favourite party is 70 in relation to a leader around 40. However, this effect only appears in more recent years and was nonexistent in the 1990s and early 2000s. Older voters' turnout is unaffected by leaders' and candidates' ages. Two potential mechanisms are the effects of descriptive representation of young voters on their external efficacy and democratic satisfaction. These findings corroborate the possible emergence of age as potential cleavage in contemporary politics and point to an important element of low youth participation as well as to the mobilization potential by parties selecting younger candidates
Absolute gains, relative losses: How the poor and the rich view redistribution differently
Get PDFHow do people perceive the utility of redistribution? Support for redistribution is commonly understood as being determined by self-interest in a way that is monotonically proportional to expected net transfers. However, this would imply that average support for redistribution is static and unaffected by changes in the distribution of incomes. This study addresses this incongruence by integrating concepts from the literature on redistribution preferences, namely the diminishing marginal utility of income, inequity aversion and loss aversion. These concepts are formalized by making two distinctions regarding redistribution: absolute versus relative utility and gains versus losses. An analysis of the European/World Values Survey suggests that the preferences of the poor are determined by absolute gains, while the preferences of the rich are determined by relative losses. In other words, the poor care about how much they gain from redistribution, while the rich care about the share of their income that they lose from it. The findings have important implications for the relationships among public opinion, economic development and income inequality
Exklusive Solidarität - die Ausblendung von Antisemitismus in intersektionalen und postkolonialen Ansätzen
Get PDFRezension: Christina Engelmann und Lisa Yashodhara Haller (Hg.): Materialistischer Feminismus - Gegenwartsanalysen zu Geschlecht im Kapitalismus
Get PDFHält die Brandmauer? Eine gesamtdeutsche Analyse: Wer unterstützt die AfD in den deutschen Kreistagen (2019-2024)
Get PDFNachdem im Deutschen Bundestag Ende Januar 2025 erstmals eine politische Mehrheit mit den Stimmen der AfD zustande kam, sind viele Deutsche besorgt, dass es bald weitergehende Kooperation mit der AfD geben könnte. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht unsere Studie den Stand der Brandmauer in Deutschland auf kommunaler Ebene. Dafür analysieren wir mehr als 11.000 Sitzungen der kommunalen Volksvertretungen auf Kreisebene in allen Bundesländern von Mitte 2019 bis Mitte 2024. Unsere Auswertung zeigt, dass in etwa 81,2% der Fälle keine Kooperation mit der AfD stattfindet. Dabei lassen sich zwar regionale Unterschiede feststellen, es besteht allerdings kein großer Unterschied zwischen ost- und westdeutschen Kreisen. Auch in westdeutschen Kreisen wird die Brandmauer nicht strikt und überall eingehalten. Erst beim Vergleich von Landkreisen und kreisfreien Städten werden größere Unterschiede deutlich. Vor allem ostdeutsche Landkreise sind Vorreiter bei der Kooperation mit der AfD, während es in westdeutschen Kreisen keine signifikante Stadt-Land Differenz gibt. Parteipolitisch sind es gerade kleinere Parteien, die besonders häufig mit der AfD kooperieren, gefolgt von FDP und CDU. Obwohl die Brandmauer also zu bröckeln beginnt, ist sie entgegen vielfacher Darstellung auf kommunaler Ebene noch lange nicht vollständig eingerissen
Analysis of the Level of Knowledge and Physical Condition of the PSSI Askab Referee of Southwest Aceh Regency, Indonesia
Get PDFReferees are part of the match apparatus and must understand all the rules related to football as mandatory knowledge to lead matches with measurable quality in making every decision. This research aims to: 1) find out the Level of Knowledge of the Referee Askab PSSI Southwest Aceh Regency in 2024, 2) find out the Level of Physical Condition of the Referee Askab PSSI Southwest Aceh Regency in 2024. This study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The population in the study was 20 people, and the entire population was used as a research sample, so this study is called a population study with details of C-1 license referees as many as three people, C-2 license referees as many as five people and C-3 license referees as many as 12 people. The data collection technique is done by distributing test questions directly to respondents related to referee knowledge data.Meanwhile, the physical condition ability test was carried out by measuring the ability of the cardiopulmonary endurance test (Balke 15 minutes), speed ability (30-meter running test), and agility ability (T-Test). The results of the measurement of referee knowledge showed that the category was very good for two people (10%), the good category was for 13 people (65%), and the category was acceptable for five people (25%). Meanwhile, the level of physical condition related to the element of agility shows that 14 people are in the very good category (70%), four people are in the good category (20%), and two people are in the medium category (10%). The speed test results obtained the speed ability of the Aceh Southwest Askab referees, namely 20 people are in the good category (100%). Furthermore, the results of the cardiopulmonary endurance test of the Southwest Aceh assab referees were 20 people, or all of them were at the medium category level (100%). Based on the study results, it can be concluded that the average level of knowledge of the Askab PSSI Southwest Aceh referees is in the medium category, with a frequency of 13 people (65%). Meanwhile, for the ability of physical condition of each, namely agility is in the very good category of 14 people (70%), speed ability is in the good category (100%), and cardiopulmonary endurance ability is in the medium category as many as 20 people (100%)
AI as a Psychodynamic Therapist: Future Perspectives
Get PDFBackground: The integration of artificial intelligence into psychodynamic therapy presents a transformative opportunity to enhance mental health interventions. Aims: By consolidating evidence from diverse studies, this research underscores the theoretical and practical implications of psychodynamic AI systems and their potential to reshape therapeutic practices. Methodology: This study employs a meta-analytic approach to synthesize findings from existing research, focusing on the application of psychodynamic principles - such as unconscious processes, relational dynamics, and symbolic meaning - in AI-driven systems. Despite the dominance of cognitive-behavioral frameworks in AI therapeutic tools, psychodynamic approaches offer unique potential for fostering deeper emotional engagement and interpersonal understanding. Results: The analysis highlights advancements in AI-based systems designed to emulate psychodynamic processes and explores challenges, including technical limitations and ethical concerns. The findings emphasize the need for future research to refine AI's capacity to address complex psychodynamic phenomena while adhering to ethical standards, ensuring accessibility, and enhancing emotional intelligence. Conclusions: Ultimately, this work advocates for a balanced integration of psychodynamic principles with AI technologies to achieve scalable and effective mental health solutions
The Evolution of Disinformation from Fake News Propaganda to AI-driven Narratives as Deepfake
Get PDFBackground: Misinformation has undergone significant transformations over the past few decades, evolving from relatively simple text-based fake news articles to highly sophisticate AI-driven content such as deepfakes and other forms of manipulated media. Aims: This paper traces the historical development of misinformation, its increasing reliance on Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the potential future trajectories of disinformation as AI technologies advance. Methodology: We begin by examining the shift from traditional text-based disinformation campaigns, often propagated via social media platforms, to more immersive and persuasive forms of AI-generated media. Discussions: We discuss how AI techniques, such as Generative Adversarial Networks and Natural Language Processing, have revolutionized the landscape of false information, allowing for the automation of misinformation production and its widespread dissemination at an unprecedented scale. Furthermore, this paper investigates the role of social media algorithms in amplifying disinformation, demonstrating how these platforms, originally designed to prioritize user engagement, inadvertently aid in the spread of false information by promoting sensationalized or emotionally charged content. Through an in-depth analysis of case studies, including the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2020 U.S. elections, this paper highlights the dangers posed by AI-generated misinformation, particularly deepfakes, which are becoming increasingly difficult to detect, even by advanced AI systems. The implications of this shift for democratic processes, public trust, and societal cohesion are profound. This paper also explores the ethical dilemmas posed by AI-driven misinformation and presents potential solutions through the lens of AI-enhanced detection technologies and policy interventions. Lastly, this paper emphasizes the urgent need for interdisciplinary cooperation between policymakers, technologists, and media organizations to mitigate the harmful impacts of AI-driven misinformation while preserving the integrity of information in the digital age. Conclusions: By exploring both technological and regulatory approaches, a comprehensive framework for understanding the evolving threat of AI-driven disinformation is essential and pathways for future research in this critical area is suggested
Did you serve? New evidence on the causal effect of conscription on wage in Germany
Get PDFAnhand administrativer Daten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung identifiziere ich den kausalen Effekt der Wehrpflicht auf Löhne für Männer mit Abitur zu Beginn ihrer Karriere. Mein quasi-experimentelles Design nutzt eine Diskontinuität in der Wahrscheinlichkeit, gedient zu haben, die durch den Einschulungsstichtag in Verbindung mit der Aussetzung der Wehrpflicht im Jahr 2011 verursacht wird. Der Vergleich von Männern, die in einem engen Zeitfenster um den Stichtag geboren wurden, ergibt, dass sich die Wehrpflicht positiv auf das Einkommen von Männern mit hoher Schulbildung auswirkt. Falsifikationstests mit Männern und Frauen unterschiedlicher Geburtsjahre zeigen, dass dieser Effekt nur bei jenen Männern mit Abitur auftritt, bei denen der Stichtag zu einer Diskontinuität in der Dienstwahrscheinlichkeit führt. Ich teste mehrere Mechanismen: Wehrdienstvermeidungsverhalten und die Selektion in breite Berufssektoren erklären mein Ergebnis nicht. Vielmehr führt die Wehrpflicht dazu, dass Männer häufiger in Berufen arbeiten, die Teamarbeit erfordern. Gestützt durch Umfragebefunde aus der Literatur legen meine Ergebnisse nahe, dass Männer unter der Wehrpflicht soziale Fähigkeiten erwerben.Using German administrative data, I identify the causal effect of conscription on men’s early career wage. My quasi-experimental design exploits a discontinuity in the probability of having served which is induced by the school start cutoff in connection with the suspension of conscription in 2011. Comparing men born in a narrow window around the cutoff, I find that conscription has a positive effect on wage for men of high educational background. Falsification tests using men and women of different birth years show that the effect is unique to men for whom the school start cutoff induces a discontinuity in the probability of having served. I test several mechanisms: draft avoidance behavior and the selection into broad occupational sectors do not explain my result. Rather, conscription causes men to select into jobs requiring more teamwork, which are on average higher-paying. Underpinned by qualitative survey evidence of the literature, my results suggest that men under conscription acquire social skills