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    Zusammenarbeit für globale Entwicklung: Relevanz, Wirksamkeit, Reformbedarf

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    Dieser Policy Brief des DEval erläutert die aktuelle Relevanz der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit in der sich verändernden Weltordnung, illustriert bisherige Wirkungen und formuliert Reformbedarf bzw. Eckpunkte für wirkungsorientierte Reformen. Im Eigeninteresse Deutschlands und Europas bleibt Zusammenarbeit für globale Entwicklung im Rahmen eines regelbasierten multilateralen Systems hochrelevant. Die drei Zieldimensionen dieser Zusammenarbeit gilt es gut auszutarieren: 1) das traditionelle Solidaritätsgebot mit seinem Fokus auf Armutsbekämpfung, Menschenrechte und Gleichberechtigung; 2) die Stärkung globaler öffentlicher Güter beim Klimaschutz, der Demokratieförderung oder Biodiversität; aber auch 3) legitime Eigeninteressen wie in der Migrations- oder Außenwirtschaftspolitik

    Civil Society Under Attack: The Consequences for Horizontal Accountability Institutions

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    Existing research shows that the activity of independent civil society organizations (CSOs) is an important ingredient of democratization and democratic consolidation. Yet, what happens when governments impose restrictions on CSO activity? This manuscript investigates how restrictions on CSOs affect the quality of horizontal accountability institutions like parliaments and courts. CSOs monitor and mobilize against violations of democratic norms. Thus, if governments impose restrictions on CSO activity, they may face fewer barriers (i.e., less scrutiny and criticism) to dismantling horizontal checks and balances. In addition, when restrictions prevent CSOs from supporting horizontal accountability institutions (e.g., with monitoring and expertise), the latter’s ability to control and constrain governments likely declines. Our large-N cross-country analysis supports this argument, suggesting that the imposition of restrictions on CSOs diminishes the quality of horizontal accountability institutions. We examine alternative explanations (i.e., prior autocratization trends and the authoritarian nature of governments) and offer qualitative evidence from Kenya and Turkey to illustrate the expected causal pathways. Our results imply that a crackdown on CSOs serves as a warning sign of deteriorating horizontal oversight

    Spekulieren als künstlerische Strategie in der zeitgenössischen feministischen Performancekunst

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    Der Beitrag untersucht das Spekulieren als künstlerische Strategie in der zeitgenössischen feministischen Performancekunst. Auffallend ist hier in den letzten Jahren neben der Dekonstruktion des binären Geschlechtermodells eine Hinwendung zu utopischen Zukunftsentwürfen und alternativen Körperbildern. Da das feministische Spekulieren vermehrt in den Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit rückt, wird untersucht, inwiefern auch in der Performancekunst Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft zusammengedacht und das kritische und produktive Potenzial des Spekulativen genutzt werden. Mittels Methoden der Aufführungsanalyse wird den Strategien des Spekulierens in verschiedenen Aufführungen nachgegangen, wobei eine Aufführung der Gruppe Swoosh Lieu aus dem Jahr 2023 im Fokus steht, da diese Gruppe sich explizit mit Theorien des feministischen Spekulierens auseinandersetzt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass das Spekulieren sowohl auf der Ebene des Textes als auch auf derjenigen anderer theatraler Elemente wie Raum, Körper, Stimme, Licht und Ton eingesetzt wird, um binäre Ordnungen zu unterlaufen und alternative Wirklichkeiten zu entwerfen.This article examines speculation as an artistic strategy in contemporary feminist performance art in Germany. Apart from deconstructing binary gender identities, performance art has in recent years tended to create utopian futures and alternative body images. As attention is increasingly turning to feminist speculation, I investigate to what extent performance art uses the intertwining of the past, present and future and the critical and productive potential of speculation as artistic strategies. Using methods of performance analysis, various performances are investigated as to their use of speculative fabulation, with the focus on a performance by Swoosh Lieu in 2023, given that this group explicitly deals with theories of feminist speculation. It becomes clear that speculation is used both at the level of the text and of other theatrical and performative elements such as space, body, voice, light and sound to undermine binary orders and to design alternative, non-patriarchal realities

    Trabajo Social Rural y en Zonas Extremas: Sistematización de Experiencias y Reflexiones desde el Chile Profundo

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    En el marco de los cien años de Trabajo Social en Chile y América Latina, la Red Chilena de Trabajo Social y Sistematización se suma a esta importante conmemoración a través de la publicación del presente libro titulado Trabajo Social Rural y en Zonas Extremas. Sistematización de Experiencias y Reflexiones desde el Chile Profundo. De esta forma, este esfuerzo editorial colegiado busca hacer llegar en forma simbólica la centenaria conmemoración profesional a todas las zonas rurales y extremas del país, en donde se construye un Trabajo Social fuertemente enlazado a los ciclos de la naturaleza, respetuoso de las costumbres identitarias de las comunidades rurales, campesinas e indígenas, preocupado por proteger las condiciones de sustentabilidad ambiental y atento a los vertiginosos cambios contemporáneos que afectan a los estilos de vida y trabajo ancestrales

    Gescheiterter Einsatz: Rezension zu "How to Lose a War: The Story of America's Intervention in Afghanistan" von Amin Saikal

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    Amin Saikal: How to Lose a War: The Story of America’s Intervention in Afghanistan. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press 2024. 978-0-300-26624-

    Beruflich-wissenschaftliche Bildung: Wissenschaftliche Kompetenzen als Notwendigkeit der postmodernen Arbeitswelt?

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    Die Akademisierung der Berufswelt ist seit Jahrzehnten ein zentrales Thema der Bildungspolitik. Die Dissertation beleuchtet die wachsende Bedeutung wissenschaftlicher Kompetenzen für beruflich qualifizierte Fachkräfte in der postmodernen Arbeitswelt. Es wird untersucht, welche wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten für Fachkräfte heute erforderlich sind, welche Ursachen dem steigenden Bedarf zugrunde liegen und inwiefern die bestehenden Akademisierungsstrategien kritisch zu hinterfragen sind. Anhand eines ausgewählten Arbeitsfeldes wird praxisnah aufgezeigt, wie wissenschaftliches Wissen den Berufsalltag bereichern kann. Die Publikation richtet sich an Bildungsexpert:innen, Wissenschaftler:innen, Entscheidungsträger:innen sowie Fachkräfte, die sich mit der Zukunft beruflicher Bildung auseinandersetzen.The thesis examines the extent to which professionally qualified specialists today are increasingly faced with requirements for which "scientific competences" are (also) helpful and important. The starting point is the observation that many skilled workers with professional qualifications take up university studies without primarily pursuing social advancement. Instead, they often return to their previous professional fields, equipped with enhanced skills for more demanding activities. The central research question is therefore: Why do professionally qualified specialists acquire academic skills if neither a classic desire for advancement nor a purely intrinsic interest in education are decisive? The work refers to the structural, requirement- related dimension of a change in the world of work that increasingly requires skills that are imparted through scientific education: for example, systematic thinking, rational argumentation or critical reflection. On this basis, the work develops nine basic scientific competences that are relevant across disciplines. The professional field of early childhood education is used as an example to show how these competencies expand professional action, e.g. in conflict management, parent work or concept development in the team. In a further step, it is shown that characteristics such as complexity, openness and unpredictability, which characterize the work of educators, increasingly apply to all specialist professions. From this, the thesis is derived and substantiated that scientific competences are generally important in the postmodern working world not as an academic privilege, but as a basis for self-organized and reflexive action. The paper therefore argues for a systematic interlinking of vocational and academic education, without equating the two spheres. Finally, it outlines the educational policy implications of such a "professional-scientific education" in the sense of an extended general education

    Association of professional environment with loneliness and perceived social isolation among individuals in their second half of life

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    Little attention has been paid to the association of job-related factors with loneliness and perceived social isolation. More specifically, studies are missing examining how professional environment is associated with loneliness and perceived social isolation. Aim: To examine how the professional environment is associated with loneliness and perceived social isolation (also stratified by sex and age group). Methods: Data were taken from the latest wave of the nationally representative German Ageing Survey 2023 (focusing on individuals aged 43 and older living in private households, n = 3,576, mean age: 68.6 years, SD: 11.1 years, with 52.1% being female). Occupations were grouped into six professional environments (realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional professions) grounded on Holland’s model. More than 550 occupations were classified to one of those six categories based on Stuth’s approach. Loneliness and perceived social isolation were quantified using established tools. Results: Our findings revealed that individuals in social (β=-0.08, p < 0.01), enterprising (β=-0.09, p < 0.01), and conventional professions (β=-0.07, p < 0.05) had lower perceived social isolation scores compared to those in realistic professions among the total sample (and particularly among those aged 65 and older); however, no differences in loneliness were observed. Notably, some effects were sex-specific, with men in conventional professions and women in artistic professions experiencing lower perceived social isolation scores. Enterprising professions in particular mainly yielded positive outcomes across groups. Our findings underlined the association between professional environment and perceived social isolation, varying by age and sex. Conclusions: Enterprising professions in particular may assist in avoiding perceived social isolation, pending longitudinal evidence. Studies from other countries are recommended

    Sozialforschung als Ideengeschichte: Ein methodologisches Essay

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    Der Text erläutert in essayistischer Form die Methodologie der soziologischen Konstellationsanalyse. Neben den Grundbegriffen und der Verfahrenslogik kommen dabei auch klassische und moderne Verwendungsweisen von 'Konstellation' zur Sprache, ebenso wie die Frage des Umgangs mit dem chronischen Mangel einer politisch-philosophischen Deckung der sozialwissenschaftlichen Methodenlehre. Zu den Referenzautoren zählen u.a. Aristoteles, M. Weber, W. Benjamin, A. Salomon und U. Oevermann.The text explains the methodology of sociological constellation analysis in essayistic style. In addition to the basic concepts and procedural logic, the essay also discusses classical and modern modes of employing constellations, as well as the question of how to deal with the chronic lack of a political-philosophical basis for social science methodology. The authors referred to include, among others, Aristotle, M. Weber, W. Benjamin, A. Salomon and U. Oevermann

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