SSOAR - Social Science Open Access Repository
Not a member yet
93520 research outputs found
Sort by
Die Nichtinanspruchnahme von Beschäftigtenrechten
Get PDFArbeitsrechtsverletzungen sind ein konstitutives Moment der gegenwärtigen Arbeitswelt, so zeigen es zahlreiche empirische Studien der vergangenen Jahre - insbesondere mit Fokus auf migrantisierte Beschäftigungsverhältnisse. Ebenso konstitutiv scheint zu sein, dass Beschäftigte ihre verletzten Rechte nur selten einklagen. Auf Grundlage einer Literaturstudie und einer Fallstudie zur Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten geht der Artikel der Frage nach, wie sich die Nichtinanspruchnahme von Beschäftigtenrechten erklären lässt. Er zeigt, dass hierfür Rechtsverständnis, Rechtswissen und Rechtsbewusstsein (subjektorientierte Faktoren), (multiple Prekarität der) Lebenslage und Beschäftigungssituation (kontextbezogene Faktoren) sowie Kosten-Nutzen-Kalkulationen in Bezug auf die Rechtsmobilisierung und der Zugang zum Recht (rechtssystemische Faktoren) eine Rolle spielen.Labor law violations are a constitutive element of the current world of work, as numerous empirical studies in recent years have shown - especially focusing on employment relationships involving migrants. Equally constitutive seems to be that employees rarely assert their violated rights. Based on a literature review and a case study on the labor market integration of refugees, the article explores how the non-enforcement of labor rights can be explained. It shows that this is influenced by legal understanding, legal knowledge, and legal consciousness (subjective factors), life situations and employment situations characterized by multiple precarity (contextual factors), as well as cost-benefit calculations concerning legal mobilization and access to justice (legal systemic factors)
Minimizing trade-offs and maximizing synergies for a just bioeconomy transition
Get PDFThe transition to a bioeconomy holds promise for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and advancing sustainable development but also presents complex challenges. This perspectives article critically examines the environmental, social, and economic implications of shifting from fossil-based to bio-based resources, addressing key concerns such as land use competition, biodiversity loss, and social equity. Rising biomass demand poses sustainability risks, especially for the Global South, where it may exacerbate food insecurity and ecosystem degradation. Without careful management, this transition could lead to deforestation, biodiversity loss, and increased carbon emissions, undermining its intended benefits. To navigate these challenges, the article outlines pathways for an inclusive and sustainable bioeconomy transition. It emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary approaches that integrate diverse knowledge systems and values to ensure the equitable distribution of benefits and risks. Policymakers should adopt governance frameworks that align sustainable development goals with local realities, fostering a just transition that mitigates socioecological challenges while maximizing long-term sustainability
Gewerkschaftliche Positionierung zu migrantischer Arbeit in Kontexten der Fragmentierung und Prekarität: Einsichten aus der Paketlieferbranche
Get PDFDas Verhältnis von Gewerkschaften zu Migration ist seit jeher von Ambivalenzen zwischen grundsätzlicher Ablehnung und proaktiver Adressierung geprägt - insbesondere in prekarisierten Kontexten. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Dokumentenanalyse vorgestellt, welche die Positionierung der Gewerkschaft Ver.di in der Paketzustellung untersucht, einer Branche, die von Fragmentierung und Prekarisierung gleichwohl wie von einem hohen Anteil migrantischer Beschäftigter geprägt ist. Die Analyse zeigt eine distanzierte Thematisierung migrantischer Arbeit durch die Gewerkschaft. Ich argumentiere, dass diese strategische gewerkschaftliche Positionierung Konsequenz der grundlegenden Fragmentierung des Sektors in zwei Welten ist. Auf Grundlage dieser Analyse erörtere ich, wie Gewerkschaften sich in Kontexten prekärer und migrantisch geprägter Branchen strategisch besser positionieren können.The relationship between trade unions and migration has always been characterized by ambivalences between fundamental rejection and proactive addressing, especially in precarious contexts. This article presents a document analysis that examines the positioning of the trade union Ver.di in parcel delivery services, a sector that is characterized by fragmentation and precarization as well as by a high proportion of migrant employees. The analysis reveals a distant union coverage towards migrant work in the sector. I argue that this union positioning is a result of the fundamental fragmentation of the sector into two worlds. Based on this analysis, I concludingly reflect how unions can more efficiently apply strategies in contexts of precarious and migrant-dominated sectors
The Regulation of Disinformation under the Digital Services Act
Get PDFThis article critically examines the regulation of disinformation under the EU's Digital Services Act (DSA). It begins by analysing how the DSA applies to disinformation, discussing how the DSA facilitates the removal of illegal disinformation, and on the other hand, how it can protect users' freedom of expression against the removal of certain content classified as disinformation. The article then moves to the DSA's special risk‐based rules, which apply to Very Large Online Platforms in relation to mitigation of systemic risks relating to disinformation, and are to be enforced by the European Commission. We analyse recent regulatory action by the Commission in tackling disinformation within its DSA competencies, and assess these actions from a fundamental rights perspective, focusing on freedom of expression guaranteed under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights
The Use of Coding in a Situational Analysis of the Political Participation of Indigenous People in Chile's Constitutional Process
Get PDFIn situational analysis (SA), various procedures are available, including coding and mapping, each serving distinct purposes at different levels of the research process. In this article, I present a case regarding the uses of coding based on a research project focused on the political participation of Indigenous peoples in Chile's constitutional process. The motivation for this article stems from the challenges I encountered as a newcomer to SA. Within the research process, coding - used alongside other techniques like mapping - played a crucial role in enabling engagement with the data and tackling analytical challenges. In the initial stage, coding helped identify various elements and discourses in the constitutional process that were essential to the project's findings. In a later stage, it assisted in redeveloping a positional map that initially did not reflect the full spectrum of discursive positions. In vivo codes also fostered interdisciplinary connections among bodies of literature in political science and education. These applications of coding can benefit other researchers, particularly those who are new to the methodology.In der Situationsanalyse (SA) stehen verschiedene Verfahren zur Verfügung, darunter Kodierung und Mapping, die jeweils unterschiedlichen Zwecken auf verschiedenen Ebenen des Forschungsprozesses dienen. In diesem Artikel stelle ich ein Beispiel für den Einsatz von Kodierungen vor, das auf einem Forschungsprojekt basiert, in dem ich mich mit der politischen Beteiligung indigener Völker im chilenischen Verfassungsprozess befasst habe. Die Motivation für diesen Artikel rührt von den Herausforderungen her, denen ich als Neuling bei der Verwendung der SA begegnet bin. Im Forschungsprozess spielten Kodierungen - neben anderen Techniken wie dem Mapping - eine entscheidende Rolle, um die Auseinandersetzung mit den Daten zu ermöglichen und analytische Herausforderungen zu bewältigen. In der Anfangsphase half das Kodieren dabei, verschiedene Elemente und Diskurse im Verfassungsprozess zu identifizieren, die für die Ergebnisse des Projekts wesentlich waren. In einer späteren Phase erlaubte es die Neuentwicklung einer Positionskarte, die zunächst nicht das gesamte Spektrum der diskursiven Positionen widerspiegelte. In-vivo-Codes förderten auch das Sichtbarmachen interdisziplinärer Verbindungen zwischen politikwissenschaftlicher und bildungswissenschaftlicher Literatur. Diese Ausarbeitungen des Kodierens können anderen Forscher*innen zugutekommen, insbesondere jenen, die noch unerfahren mit der Anwendung dieser Methodologie sind
Новітній інструментарій стратегічного управління транспортним комплексом України в умовах діджиталізації
Get PDFThe article examines the relevant aspects of strategic management of Ukraine's transport complex in the context of digitalisation. The study aims to identify modern tools for strategic management in the transport field and analyse the dynamics of its digitalisation using the example of key indicators. The study hypothesises that using the latest strategic management tools based on digital technologies contributes to improving the efficiency of Ukraine's transport sector, ensuring its adaptability, competitiveness, and sustainability in a dynamic digital environment.The scientific and practical significance of introducing digital technologies as a factor in improving the efficiency of transport enterprises in a dynamic market is substantiated. The study systematises statistical data on the use of digital management tools: in particular, the dynamics of the share of enterprises that have websites, use social media, implement ERP, CRM and BI systems, analyse big data, use cloud computing and apply artificial intelligence technologies.The author analyses the pace of digital technology adoption in 2018-2024 and identifies the main barriers to digital transformation, including lack of investment, poor digital competence of staff, and lack of an enabling environment. At the same time, the author focuses on the existing opportunities for digitalisation: increasing the availability of cloud services, expanding digital infrastructure and adapting enterprises to new technological solutions. It is proved that increasing the level of automation and digital openness of enterprises is a prerequisite for forming effective strategic management in the transport sector. The conclusions provide specific recommendations on the priority areas of state and corporate policy in the digital transformation of the transport sector.The scientific and practical value of the work lies in substantiating the need to integrate digital solutions into the strategic management of the transport sector, taking into account the specifics of its development in Ukraine
A myriad of options: Validity and comparability of alternative international education variables
Get PDFEducation is a key variable in survey-based research, impacting various outcomes and serving as a cornerstone in social stratification research. However, measuring education in cross-national surveys is challenging due to the complexity and variability of educational systems across countries. For comparative research, the education variable does not only need to be valid, but also comparable across countries, which implies a similar degree of validity in different countries. Simultaneously, education measures need to be parsimonious, especially for self-administered surveys. This study, expanding on previous research, evaluates the validity and comparability of 16 alternative education coding specifications using nearly 400 dependent variables to identify an optimal solution that could serve as a standard. We use European Social Survey (ESS) rounds 5 to 10 data, which provide a highly detailed international education variable serving as a benchmark. Results suggest that, while no alternative variable performs as well as the benchmark, a variable comprehensively covering educational quality ranks second in terms of validity, while the three-digit version of ISCED 2011 with a reduced quality indicator and coverage of the general/vocational divide, yields better comparability across countries than the other alternatives. These findings offer insights for comparative surveys to select an optimal international education variable for different survey modes and for researchers analysing survey data.Bildung ist eine Schlüsselvariable in der umfragebasierten Forschung, die sich auf verschiedene Ergebnisse auswirkt und als Eckpfeiler in der Forschung zur sozialen Schichtung dient. Die Messung der Bildung in länderübergreifenden Erhebungen ist jedoch aufgrund der Komplexität und Variabilität der Bildungssysteme in den einzelnen Ländern eine Herausforderung. Für die vergleichende Forschung muss die Bildungsvariable nicht nur valide, sondern auch länderübergreifend vergleichbar sein, was ein ähnliches Maß an Validität in verschiedenen Ländern voraussetzt. Gleichzeitig müssen die Bildungsmaße sparsam sein, insbesondere bei selbstverwalteten Erhebungen. Diese Studie, die auf früheren Untersuchungen aufbaut, bewertet die Gültigkeit und Vergleichbarkeit von 16 alternativen Kodierungsspezifikationen für Bildung unter Verwendung von fast 400 abhängigen Variablen, um eine optimale Lösung zu ermitteln, die als Standard dienen könnte
Right-Wing Populism in Germany: Growing Pressure on Corporate Communications to Take a Stand?
Get PDFIncreasing polarization and the success of right-wing populist parties present companies with the challenge of dealing with the rise of right-wing populism in a polarized, media-driven environment alongside responsible action and stakeholder expectations. Companies are increasingly joining forces in positioning initiatives in order to take a joint stance for a pluralistic, open and diverse democracy. Accordingly, this study examines how companies deal with this in terms of communication and what role (perceived) positioning pressure plays. It complements existing research with the perspective of companies by shedding light on motivations, motives, and internal decision-making processes. By means of 15 qualitative guided interviews with communication managers from German medium-sized and large companies in the B2C sector as well as with communication consultancies, the social phenomenon of corporate positioning towards right-wing populism is examined using qualitative content analysis. Companies perceive right-wing populism as a relevant social development. Corporate values, social responsibility, and economic risks such as a shortage of skilled workers are key drivers for positioning. At the same time, external risks such as customer losses, hate messages, or internal conflicts are carefully weighed up. Decision-making processes on positioning are usually initiated by the communications department and ultimately decided by the Management Board. Despite growing challenges and risks, corporate positioning is expected to inrease and remain a central topic of strategic communication
From "being there is everything" to "go big or go home"? Comparing the opening ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing
Get PDFThis chapter discusses the rationales behind Chinese soft power
projection by comparing the opening ceremonies of the 2008 Summer
Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics. It shows that the Chinese party-
state managed to instrumentalize both sporting events to its advantage by
using the attention of millions at the opening ceremony to craft narratives
of global development, to perform sleight of hand regarding international
tensions, and to signal enhanced standing on the world stage
Untersuchung der jährlichen Einnahmen und Ausgaben bei den Leistungen der Eingliederungshilfe nach Art. 25 Absatz 4 BTHG (Finanzuntersuchung): Abschlussbericht 2024
Get PDFDas Bundesteilhabegesetz hat finanzielle Auswirkungen auf Länder und Kommunen, die nach Artikel 25 Absatz 4 BTHG zu überprüfen waren. Dieser Prüfauftrag umfasst Untersuchungen in sechs Themenbereichen, dies sind: (1) verbesserte Einkommens- und Vermögensanrechnung, (2) Einführung des Budgets für Arbeit und der anderen Leistungsanbieter (ergänzt um das Budget für Ausbildung), (3) neue Leistungskataloge für die soziale Teilhabe und die Teilhabe an Bildung, (4) Trennung der Fachleistungen der Eingliederungshilfe von den Leistungen zum Lebensunterhalt, (5) Einführung neuer Planungsverfahren sowie (6) Einführung von Frauenbeauftragten in den Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen und überregionale Interessenvertretung. Auf der Basis von Dokumentationen, Trägerbefragungen und statistischen Analysen werden die finanziellen Entlastungen und Belastungen der Träger der Eingliederungshilfe und der Grundsicherung hochgerechnet und mit der Kostenschätzung verglichen, die im Rahmen des Gesetzgebungsverfahrens vorgenommen wurde. Die in den Jahren 2018 bis 2022 durchgeführte Hauptuntersuchung wurde in den Jahren 2023 und 2024 mit Fokus auf die Teiluntersuchungen 2 bis 5 fortgeführt, um auch den weiteren Stand der Umsetzung zu untersuchen. Schließlich wurden die Fragen untersucht, inwiefern die Neuregelungen zu Effizienzgewinnen führen konnten und welche exogenen Faktoren die Ausgabenentwicklung der Eingliederungshilfe beeinflusst haben.The Federal Participation Act (Bundesteilhabegesetz, BTHG) has a financial impact on federal states (Länder) and communes, which needs to be inspected according to article 24 paragraph 4 BTHG. The audit assignment comprises of investigations in six subject areas, which are as follows: (1) Improvements of income and property charge, (2) the introduction of Budget für Arbeit and other service providers (additionally Budget für Ausbildung), (3) new catalogues of benefits for participation in education and in social participation, (4) the division of the integration assistances' professional services and means of subsistence, (5) the introduction of new planning procedures as well as (6) the introduction of women's representatives in workshops for individuals with disabilities and supraregional interest groups. On the basis of documentations, surveys among providers and statistical analysis, the financial reliefs and loads concerning Eingliederungshilfe and Grundsicherung have been forecasted. In addition, these is compared to cost estimates, which were performed within the scope of legislative procedure. The main investigation was conducted from 2018 to 2022 and was prolonged for further two years due to the process of implementation. Finally, questions of possible financial efficiency and of exogeneous factors with impact on expenditure of Eingliederungshilfe are discussed