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Impact de Trump 2.0 sur l'Afrique subsaharienne
Get PDFAs Trump takes aim at global norms and institutions, the question of what parts of the post-Cold War order can be saved, and for whom, needs urgent attention. Moving away from these positions will require major changes. Trump 2.0 has generated optimism in Africa. South Africa, in particular, was initially optimistic. But later, bilateral relations with South Africa deteriorated as the Trump administration, including his economic advisor, South African-born Elon Musk, openly sided with the white SA establishment, at least for the next four years. Prospects for democratic transitions were also dashed, as Trump did not care about democratising sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but rather supported African autocracies, such as in Biya's Cameroon, Gnassingbé's Togo, and the Central African Republic and Ivory Coast. Trump's intention to dismantle USAid threw all its contractors into disarray. Fear, pain and hunger were the terrible consequences of US funding cuts, for example in Kenya and war-torn Sudan. The US was the largest ODA donor in SSA. In fiscal year 2023/2024, the US had donated nearly $3.7 billion. Jihadism in the Sahel, the Horn of Africa and beyond is likely to intensify and spread. The isolationist US Africa policy under Trump could further reduce Western influence. Trump's trade policies, particularly the imposition of tariffs and withdrawal from multilateral agreements such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), have affected developing countries' access to the US market. This is particularly true in SSA, which relies heavily on exports of commodities, textiles and manufactured goods to the US market. The imposition of tariffs on steel, aluminium and other manufactured goods further increased the cost of exports from these countries, leading to reduced competitiveness and a decline in trade volumes. African countries benefiting from the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) have seen their benefits diminish, as the Trump administration has de-prioritised AGOA.Alors que Trump prend pour cible les normes et les institutions mondiales, il est urgent de répondre à la question de savoir quelles parties de l'ordre post-guerre froide peuvent être sauvées et pour qui. L'abandon de ces positions nécessitera de grands changements. Trump 2.0 a suscité l'optimisme en Afrique. L'Afrique du Sud, en particulier, était optimiste au début. Mais par la suite, les relations bilatérales avec l'Afrique du Sud se sont détériorées lorsque l'administration Trump, y compris son conseiller économique, Elon Musk, né en Afrique du Sud, s'est ouvertement rangée du côté de l'establishment blanc sud-africain, du moins pour les quatre prochaines années. Les perspectives de démocratisation des pays à régime autocratique ont également été réduites à néant, Trump ne s'étant pas préoccupé de la démocratisation de l'Afrique subsaharienne (ASS), mais ayant plutôt soutenu les autocraties africaines, comme au Cameroun de Biya, au Togo de Gnassingbé, en République centrafricaine et en Côte d'Ivoire. L'intention de Trump de dissoudre l'USAid a fait le malheur de tous ses partenaires contractuels. La peur, la douleur et la faim ont été les terribles conséquences des réductions de financement américaines, par exemple au Kenya et au Soudan en guerre. Les États-Unis étaient le plus grand donateur d'APD en ASS. Pour l'année fiscale 2023/2024, les États-Unis avaient mis à disposition près de 3,7 milliards de dollars. Le djihadisme dans la région du Sahel, dans la Corne de l'Afrique et au-delà va probablement s'intensifier et se propager. Le djihadisme dans la région du Sahel, dans la Corne de l'Afrique et au-delà va probablement s'intensifier et se propager. La politique isolationniste des États-Unis en Afrique sous Trump pourrait réduire encore l'influence occidentale. La politique commerciale de Trump, notamment l'imposition de droits de douane et le retrait d'accords multilatéraux tels que le Partenariat transpacifique (TPP), a affecté l'accès des pays en développement au marché américain
Information as a Tool for Organisational Development: a Case Study of MTN Lagos, Nigeria
Get PDFInformation is, no doubt, one of the basic rudiments that can propel an organisation to a height in no time. It is on record that organisations that recorded overwhelming success globally relied heavily on the available information they had. When there is information, wise decisions and informed judgments will be made. The crux of the matter is the ability to manage available information, the source for more reliable information both within and outside the organisation, process and implement the information. It is against this contention that this research work is carried out. Therefore, this research aims to examine and analyse the role of efficient information management in MTN Lagos's organisational development.In conclusion, a sample of 35 employees, comprising top management and junior staff, was drawn for the research. The researchers administered thirty-five copies of the questionnaire, but participants adequately filled out and returned only thirty. This study found that organisations manage their information, leading to organisational development. However, there were problems which, if appropriately addressed, more success could be attained. The study, therefore, recommends that organisations obtain sophisticated automation capable of withstanding complex issues and motivating staff so that they put corporate objectives beyond personal objectives
Unarmed Civilian Protection: Lessons for Planning for Social Defence
Get PDFThe paper summarizes various approaches, experiences and studies that show how people have managed to protect themselves and other civilians without resorting to violence, and link this to the question of social defence. Described are international unarmed civilian protection (UCP), local communities protecting themselves and protection tools for human right defenders. It thereby intends to contribute to the knowledge of nonviolent instruments that may be useful when propagating and/or preparing social defence
Analysis of Concentration Levels, Anxiety and Gating Strokes in Aceh-North Sumatra Pon Athletes in Aceh Province Woodball Sports in 2024
Get PDFWhen hitting the gate (gating), of course, many other factors will affect whether a player can hit the ball correctly or not towards the gate, such as concentration and anxiety. This study aims to describe the level of concentration, anxiety level, and level of getting shots owned by Aceh woodball athletes. This research provides an overview of what is being studied and measured with certainty. The approach used is a quantitative approach. The sample of this study consisted of all woodball athletes. Centralized PON preparation was done by as many as 10 people using total sampling techniques, including data collection techniques such as concentration tests, anxiety questionnaires, and Gatting shot tests. The data obtained was then analyzed using the concentration test norms questionnaire answer values, calculating the average value and percentage. This study concludes that the concentration level with an average of 18.7 is in the good category. Anxiety level with an average value of 101.7 is in the moderate category. The level of gatting punch ability with an average value of 19.9 is sufficient. Advise athletes to undergo training seriously, diligently, and consistently to produce optimal techniques for supporting achievement
Narrating the Multispecies World: Stories in Times of Crises, Loss, and Hope
Get PDFIn present times, we are increasingly witnessing a loss of life, especially among animals and plants. Some species are becoming extinct, while others struggle to adjust to new habitats. Human beings are looking for strategies to overcome the effects of climate change and mass extinction. The contributors to this volume reflect on how the current problems affect the living world. Artists and scholars from around the world share their views on the changes and challenges produced by the effects of the ecological crises in a variety of regions. While some of their stories concern loss, others offer hope by suggesting new ideas for living together in sustainable harmony within a multispecies world
Inclusión y Diversidad en Educación: 10 años de Investigación en Educación Especial
Get PDF"Inclusión y Diversidad en Educación: 10 años de Investigación en Educación Especial" es una obra que refleja el compromiso riguroso y sostenido de académicos/as e investigadores/as del Departamento de Educación Diferencial de la Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, quienes a lo largo de una década, han abordado con profundidad y sensibilidad temas clave como la formación docente, la inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad, especialmente con Trastorno del Espectro Autista, y la educación intercultural bilingüe en comunidades indígenas. Esta obra destaca las complejidades y tensiones entre saberes oficiales y culturales, proponiendo enfoques que promueven diálogos interculturales auténticos y políticas educativas más inclusivas. Además, ofrece un análisis crítico de las barreras estructurales en la educación superior y subraya el papel fundamental del docente tutor en la construcción de ambientes educativos equitativos. Esta recopilación constituye un aporte académico sólido y pertinente, que contribuye significativamente al avance de una educación más justa, diversa y respetuosa de las Múltiples identidades presentes en Chile
Transformation of Business-State Relations in Russia: Statist War Economy, De-Globalization, and Replacement Oligarchy
Get PDFThe war in Ukraine has profoundly altered business-state relations in Russia, shifting them away from kleptocratic crony capitalism toward economic statism and the virtual subjugation of business elites to the state's strategic priorities. Prior to the war, Russian business elites operated under a system of preferentialism, benefiting from state protection and lucrative contracts in exchange for political loyalty. However, the war has created both new opportunities (war-related contracts, import-substitution subsidies, and redistribution of foreign- owned assets) and devastating losses (loss of access to global markets, macroeconomic instability, and growing state repression). Many business elites have fled, adapted, or been coerced into compliance through state pressure. Following the onset of war, the collective voice of the business community was swiftly neutralized by the Kremlin and the state engaged in unprecedented asset redistribution in an effort to build a loyal "replacement oligarchy." As a result, the Russian state has deprioritized elite business interests in favor of war mobilization and mass control, signaling a decisive shift toward a more repressive, state-dominated economic model where oligarchs are subordinated to the imperative of regime survival
"Pueden ganar una isla, pero perderán un continente": El Gobierno de Eduardo Frei Montalva ante la intervención de Estados Unidos en República Dominicana en 1965
Get PDFEn abril de 1965, la República Dominicana fue escenario de la primera intervención militar estadounidense en América Latina tras la Revolución Cubana, desafiando la autonomía de la región. Para Chile, este episodio puso a prueba la política exterior de Eduardo Frei Montalva, quien postulaba una "asociación digna" con Washington con la Alianza para el Progreso como telón de fondo. A partir de archivos inéditos, documentos desclasificados y entrevistas, este libro reconstruye la respuesta de Chile ante la crisis dominicana. Se analizan las tensiones entre pragmatismo y principios en la administración Frei, el margen de maniobra chileno y su papel en la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA) frente a la Fuerza Interamericana de Paz (FIP). Más que un episodio aislado, este caso refleja los límites de un país de rango medio en un sistema interamericano dominado por Estados Unidos. La diplomacia chilena, atrapada entre presiones externas y equilibrios internos, inició un progresivo distanciamiento de Washington, con implicancias para su política exterior en los años siguientes. "Pueden ganar una isla, pero perderán un continente" es un estudio clave sobre los dilemas de la política exterior chilena en plena Guerra Fría
Co‐Creation in Automated Public Space Lighting Design: Enhancing Safety and Reducing Light Pollution
Get PDFPublic space lighting in urban areas is a crucial issue linked to climate change in developed environments. It significantly influences aesthetics, functionality, and the sense of safety while also contributing to the problem of light pollution. However, addressing these challenges requires a balance between technical optimization and environmental considerations, which this study explores through an experimental approach. This study examines the application of advanced digital technologies in designing and optimizing public space lighting, particularly in parks. The focus is on presenting a modular algorithm as a foundation for iterative improvements rather than a fully comprehensive lighting design solution. The article presents an algorithm that iteratively determines the optimal number and placement of lamps based on expected lighting levels. While illuminance levels are considered, future extensions could include additional parameters such as glare, uniformity, and color temperature to meet professional standards. This method has significant potential for involving public space users in lighting optimization. The algorithm relies on expected lighting levels, which can be derived from standards and designer decisions. However, user expectations can also be incorporated into simulations. For instance, an interactive application could allow users to highlight under‐illuminated or overly bright areas, contributing to a co‐created desired lighting map. Lighting levels can be precisely calculated, yet users' subjective perceptions may be crucial in achieving soft, nature‐friendly lighting. The article presents the algorithm and discusses the potential of designer‐computer and designer‐computer‐user co‐creation for human‐ and nature‐friendly design. This modular framework lays the groundwork for future refinements by integrating professional input and addressing broader lighting parameters
