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Umsetzung von verbindlichen Flächensparzielen im Rahmen der räumlichen Planung
Get PDFDie Flächenneuinanspruchnahme für Siedlung und Verkehr ist deutlich vom bundespolitischen Ziel "unter 30 Hektar pro Tag" entfernt. Zwar haben verschiedene Bundesländer das Ziel des Bundes in adaptierten Landeszielen aufgenommen. Allerdings erfolgte bisher keine Operationalisierung in Form verbindlicher Zielvorgaben auf Landes-, regionaler oder kommunaler Ebene. Für eine Operationalisierung im Rahmen einer verbindlichen Kontingentierung kommen der Handel mit Flächenzertifikaten (umweltökonomischer Ansatz) und die Raumordnung (regulatorischer Ansatz) in Betracht. Der Handel mit Flächenzertifikaten wurde im Modellversuch "Planspiel Flächenhandel" untersucht. Dagegen fehlt ein Umsetzungs- und Organisationsmodell für eine Operationalisierung über einen raumordnerischen Ansatz. Diese Lücke füllt der vorliegende Beitrag, indem er ein Konzept zur Umsetzung von verbindlichen Flächensparzielen im Rahmen der räumlichen Planung vorstellt. Es beinhaltet Aussagen zur Festlegung eines verbindlichen Mengenziels der Reduktion der Flächenneuinanspruchnahme für Siedlung und Verkehr, zur Regelung der Aufteilung von Flächenkontingenten zwischen Bund und Ländern, zur landesgesetzlichen Aufteilung auf die Gemeinden, zur Anwendung der Kontingentregelungen in Planungsverfahren, zur Administration durch "Kontingentbehörden" und zu notwendigen flankierenden Maßnahmen.New land use for settlement and transport exceeds the federal government's "below 30 ha/day" target. Varial federal states have incorporated this target into their own state targets. However, there has not been any operationalization in the form of binding targets at state, regional or municipal level to date. Operationalizing a binding quota system could involve trading land certificates (using an environmental economic approach) and spatial planning (using a regulatory approach). The analysis of land certificates trading was conducted through the "land trading simulation game" pilot project. However, there is no implementation or organizational model for operationalization using a spatial planning approach. To fill this gap, this paper presents a concept for implementing binding land-saving targets within the framework of spatial planning. It contains statements on the determination of a binding total volume of land quotas, the distribution between the federal and state governments, the distribution at state level to municipalities, the application of the quotas in planning procedures, the administration by "quota authorities" and the necessary accompanying measures
Monitoring zur Bildungs- und Erwerbsmigration: Erteilung von Aufenthaltstiteln an Drittstaatsangehörige: Halbjahresbericht 2024
Get PDFDer Bericht zeigt Entwicklungen im Rahmen der Bildungs- und Erwerbsmigration von Drittstaatsangehörigen nach Deutschland im ersten Halbjahr 2024
Novel Perspectives on Status in Global Politics
Get PDFThis thematic issue advances debates on status in international relations (IR) by integrating novel empirical research with innovative theoretical perspectives. It moves beyond traditional power‐centric views, highlighting the social and relational dimensions of status‐seeking as a diplomatic and foreign policy practice. The contributions explore, for instance, how states pursue status through cooperation, adherence to international norms, and strategic identity management. By examining diverse cases, including non‐traditional status‐seekers, this collection of contributions underscores the multifaceted nature of status‐seeking, involving both material and ideational factors, and enriches the literature on status in IR, offering new insights into the complex dynamics of international hierarchy and state behaviour. In this editorial, we highlight the main findings and give an outlook on the overarching contribution to IR research
Loneliness: A Scoping Review of Reviews From 2001 to 2023
Get PDFThe growing number of primary studies and reviews on loneliness, and the multidisciplinary efforts to comprehend this complex phenomenon from various perspectives, underscore the heightened recognition of its impact on individual and societal well-being and health. To comprehensively assess the size and scope of this research field, we conducted a scoping review of 35 English-language reviews of primary studies on loneliness, published between 2001 and 2023. Focusing specifically on psychological research, these reviews covered a total of N = 1,089 studies, which were conducted between 1986 and 2022. In addition to providing a broad overview of the structure of the field, the present scoping review aimed to explore the methodological landscape of loneliness research, including data collection, sample demographics, and measures, and to present key topics and evidence in the field. By deepening the understanding of loneliness and identifying data gaps and methodological challenges, our analyses provide critical insights for future research endeavors, thereby fostering advances in the field.Die wachsende Zahl von Primärstudien und Übersichten über Einsamkeit und die multidisziplinären Bemühungen, dieses komplexe Phänomen aus verschiedenen Perspektiven zu verstehen, unterstreichen die zunehmende Anerkennung seiner Auswirkungen auf das individuelle und gesellschaftliche Wohlbefinden und die Gesundheit. Um die Größe und den Umfang dieses Forschungsfeldes umfassend zu bewerten, haben die Autor*innen eine Übersichtsarbeit über 35 englischsprachige Reviews von Primärstudien zur Einsamkeit durchgeführt, die zwischen 2001 und 2023 veröffentlicht wurden. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit gibt nicht nur einen umfassenden Überblick über die Struktur des Forschungsfeldes, sondern untersucht auch die methodische Landschaft der Einsamkeitsforschung, einschließlich der Datenerhebung, der demografischen Stichproben und der Messgrößen, und stellt die wichtigsten Themen und Erkenntnisse auf diesem Gebiet vor
Agitation in der Spätmoderne: Löwenthals Prophets of Deceit in Reflektion spätmoderner Sozialcharaktere
Get PDFDie Autoren der klassischen Kritischen Theorie verstanden die Agitation als eine Form der Propaganda, welche latente Bedürfnisse und Unbehagen unter kapitalistischen Herrschaftsverhältnissen in eine Form der konformistischen Rebellion kanalisierte. Statt dass gegen Herrschaft und Unterdrückungsmechanismen aufbegehrt wird, werden Aggressionen so auf marginalisierte Gruppen gelenkt. Doch da sich die dominanten Charakterstrukturen seit der Ausarbeitung der Agitationstheorie veränderten, muss diese Metamorphose als subjektive Basis bzw. Empfänglichkeit für Agitation in der theoretischen Weiterentwicklung für die Spätmoderne berücksichtigt werden. Demgemäß widmet sich dieser Beitrag zunächst der Analyse der klassischen Psychodynamik zwischen Agitator:in und Agitierten mit autoritärer Charakterstruktur, um daraufhin den Wandel dieser anhand spätmoderner narzisstischer Sozialcharaktere zu theoretisieren. Auf Grundlage der Ausarbeitungen zum libertären Autoritarismus von Amlinger/Nachtwey und dem affirmativen Charakter von Jäger wird der:die spätmoderne Agitator:in als sekundäre Führungsfigur verstanden, welche das externalisierte Über-Ich in Form von konsumistischer Selbstverwirklichung und neoliberalem Leistungsideal repräsentiert und in diesem Sinn agitiert, allerdings nicht in Form des Urvaters anstelle des Über-Ichs tritt.The authors of the classical Critical Theory understood agitation as a form of propaganda which channelled latent needs and the malaise under capitalist power relations into a form of conformist rebellion. Instead of rebelling against mechanisms of domination and oppression, aggressions of the suppressed are directed at minorities and marginalized groups. However, since the dominant character structures have changed since the development of agitation theory, this metamorphosis must be considered as a subjective foundation for a adapted agitation theory for late modernity. Accordingly, this article in its attempt to line out central aspect for this renewal of the theory, is first dedicated to the analysis of the classical psychodynamics between the agitator and the agitated with an authoritarian character, in order to afterwards theorize changed dynamics on the basis of late modern, narcissistic social characters. Based on the elaborations on libertarian authoritarianism by Amlinger/ Nachtwey and the affirmative character by Jäger, the late modern agitator is understood as a secondary leadership figure who represents the externalized superego in the form of consumerist self-actualization and the neoliberal performance ideal, but does not take the place of the superego in the form of the primal father
The Fact-Checking Initiatives in the EU: A Diverse Ecosystem Against Disinformation
Get PDFDisinformation in Europe is a significant challenge to democracy. The pan-European conversation faces a landscape dominated by misleading or false information targeting the EU. In response, various public institutions have been promoting fact-checking initiatives. Our research analyzes the fact-checking initiatives developed by these institutions at national and regional levels. This study identifies and describes organizations ranging from dedicated initiatives, such as VerificaRTVE in Spain and ARD-Faktenfinder in Germany, to news media and fact-checking platforms funded by public money. Our analysis is based on nine semi-structured interviews with professionals conducting fact-checking across the EU. We explored topics such as content selection criteria, audience involvement, collaboration with stakeholders, dissemination practices, and the evolving role of AI in supporting these activities. Results highlight a growing number of fact-checking initiatives, particularly those associated with public service media, with AI increasingly integrated into their operations. However, our findings also reveal concerns related to the pace of digital transformation and limited resources. This research provides insights into the future of fact-checking in Europe, where public fact-checking efforts and media literacy initiatives remain underdeveloped. Our study contributes to ongoing discussions about the creation of a robust European Public Sphere, arguing that public institutions can play a pivotal role in mitigating disinformation within a shared space for democratic deliberation
Spreading False Content in Political Campaigns: Disinformation in the 2024 European Parliament Elections
Get PDFElectoral campaigns are one of the key moments of democracy. In recent times, the circulation of disinformation has increased during these periods. This phenomenon has serious consequences for democratic health since it can alter the behaviour and decisions of voters. This research aims to analyse the features of this phenomenon during the 2024 European Parliament elections in a comparative way. The applied methodology is based on quantitative content analysis. The sample (N = 278) comprises false information verified by 52 European fact-checking agencies about the campaign for the European elections in 20 EU countries. The analysis model includes variables such as time-period, country, propagator platform, topic, and the type of disinformation. The results show that the life cycle of electoral disinformation goes beyond the closing of the polls assuming a permanent nature. In addition, national environments condition the profiles of this question, which is more intense in Southern and Eastern Europe. Furthermore, although multiple channels are involved, digital platforms with weak ties are predominant in disseminating hoaxes. Finally, migration and electoral integrity are the predominant topics. This favours the circulation of an issue central to the far-right agenda and aims to discredit elections and their mechanisms to undermine democracy. These findings establish the profiles of this problem and generate knowledge to design public policies that combat electoral false content more effectively
Методологія сценарного планування післявоєнного відновлення України
Get PDFThe process of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine should be based on international cooperation and funding, similar to the Marshall Plan for the reconstruction of Germany and Europe after World War II. The unstable conditions of the project's financial, labour, and material support expected due to the large number of project sponsors do not allow for their effective planning using the traditional technique of planned calculations. Therefore, when planning and controlling the processes of post-war recovery in Ukraine, it is proposed to use the scenario planning methodology, which provides for the determination of scenarios for further project implementation within the established timeframe at each stage of planned calculations, taking into account the results of previous stages. The target function of scenario planning for Ukraine's post-war recovery processes is determined at each planning stage on the basis of recursive functions, i.e. those whose value at each iteration depends on the values obtained at the previous iteration. At each planning stage, a current balance should be maintained between the financial assessment of the next volumes of capital investment and the amount of expected financial resources. Accordingly, the possibility of timely implementation of the project is based on the timely involvement of a sufficient number of labour resources, both from among Ukrainian citizens who remained in the country and those who will return after the end of the war, as well as those who will be involved from among foreign citizens, in the implementation of the planned volumes of capital investments. Control over project completion dates in the planning process is carried out by monitoring the moments of application of scenarios that lead to a delay in project completion beyond the permissible timeframe. To do this, a tool is introduced to identify bifurcation points on the timeline, which are the extreme points in time of the scenarios that make it impossible to complete the project on time.Процес післявоєнного відновлення України має здійснюватися на основі міжнародного співробітництва і фінансування на кшталт «Плану Маршалла» відновлення Німеччини і Європи після другої світової війни. Очікувані внаслідок великої кількості спонсорів проєкту нестабільні умови його фінансового, трудового і матеріального забезпечення не залишають можливості їх ефективного планування шляхом традиційної техніки планових розрахунків. Отже, при плануванні й контролі процесів післявоєнного відновлення України пропонується використання методології сценарного планування, яка передбачає на кожному етапі планових розрахунків визначати сценарії подальшого виконання проєкту у встановлені строки із урахуванням результатів попередніх етапів. Цільова функція сценарного планування процесів післявоєнного відновлення України визначається на кожному етапі планування на основі рекурсивних функцій, тобто таких, значення яких на кожній ітерації залежить від значень, отриманих на попередній ітерації. На кожному етапі планування має підтримуватися поточний баланс між фінансовою оцінкою наступних обсягів освоєння капітальних вкладень і сумою очікуваних фінансових ресурсів. Відповідно, можливість своєчасного здійснення проєкту базується на своєчасному залучення до виконання робіт із засвоєння запланованих обсягів капітальних вкладень достатньої кількості трудових ресурсів як з числа громадян України, що залишилися в країні, так і тих, хто повернеться після закінчення війни, а також тих, хто будуть залучені з числа іноземних громадян. Контроль строків завершення проєкту в процесі планування здійснюється шляхом контролю моментів застосування сценаріїв, здійснення яких приводить до відтермінування строків завершення проєкту понад припустимі. Для цього вводиться інструмент визначення точок біфуркації на часовій шкалі, які є крайніми моментами часу запровадження сценаріїв, які унеможливлюють виконання проєкту у встановлені строки