81690 research outputs found
Sort by
Autistic Burnoutのリスク要因についての文献研究 : 過剰適応とその関連概念に着目して
No full textOver-adaptation, characterized by excessive conformity to environmental demands at the expense of internal needs, is associated with psychological stress and maladjustment. In Japan, it is identified as a risk factor for mental health issues in autistic workers, who often engage in significant effort to adapt despite challenges in interpersonal interactions and social communication. This tendency can lead to mental health problems and diminished quality of life. Recent studies focused on the similarity between the outcomes of over-adaptation and autistic burnout, which manifests as exhaustion, skill loss, and heightened sensory sensitivity. Japanese research literature posits that over-adaptation may contribute to autistic burnout in workplace. However, there is limited English-language research on this connection, possibly reflecting cultural and societal disparities in terminology used to express the conditions of overadaptation. This review examines Japanese research literature on over-adaptation among autistic workers, compares it to related constructs such as perfectionism, camouflaging, and adaptive morphing in Englishlanguage research, and investigates the underlying factors and mechanisms. By conducting this comparative analysis, this article seeks to enhance understanding and provide insights into mitigating the impact of over-adaptation and other related constructs contributing to autistic burnout, ultimately aiming to improve the quality of life for autistic workers.過剰適応とは，内的適応を犠牲にして環境要求に過度に従う現象であり，強い心理的ストレスを引き起こす要因とされる。わが国では自閉症の就労者におけるメンタルヘルス問題のリスク要因として以前から知られている。職場適応の過程で，本人の限度を超えた多大な努力を強いられることで，重篤な精神的問題につながる可能性がある。近年わが国の研究では，過剰適応の結果とautistic burnoutの類似性が注目されている。一方，英語圏では過剰適応の概念は取り上げられることはなく，社会文化的背景からこれ以外の類似概念が使われている可能性が高い。本稿では，過剰適応と英語圏の関連概念（完璧主義，カモフラージュ，適応モーフィングなど）を比較し，autistic burnoutに至るリスク要因を探った。また，「視点の断絶」と呼ばれる現象も浮き彫りにすることで，就労支援における支援者の理解や配慮のあり方について議論した
道徳的理由のあいだの葛藤という観点から超義務を考える : 浦野＆石田「しないに越したことはない : 超義務と亜義務の倫理学」へのコメンタリー
No full text本研究は、浦野敬介と石田柊による論文「しないに越したことはない：超義務と亜義務の倫理学」に対するコメンタリーである。当該論文は、超義務（道徳的に望ましいが義務とまではみなされない行為）および亜義務（道徳的に望ましくないが禁止されるほどではない行為）について緻密な概念分析を行ったものである。これら二つの概念の既存の理解にはパラドックスが残されていたが、浦野らは超義務を「慈恵型超義務」と「英雄型超義務」に、また亜義務を「非行型亜義務」と「極悪型亜義務」に分類した上で、それぞれが成立する理由を明瞭に示した。彼らの議論は総じて説得的であるが、しかしそこで示された区分によって超義務と亜義務のすべての形態が網羅されているかどうかには、なお異論の余地がある。本研究は複数の道徳的理由のあいだの葛藤という観点から、浦野らの区別では捉えきれない「葛藤型超義務」および「葛藤型亜義務」という第三の分類を提示し、浦野らの議論を拡張することを試みる。それによって超義務と亜義務についてより包括的に、またわれわれの日常的な実践および苦悩をより詳細に捉える形で描くことができるようになると期待される。This research is a commentary to “Better not to do: the ethics of supererogation and suberogation” (written by Keisuke Urano and Shu Ishida). The paper performed detailed conceptual analysis of supererogation (the action that is regarded as morally good but not obligated) and suberogation (the action that is regarded as morally bad but not prohibited). Urano and Ishida made clear understanding of these concepts by classifying each concept to two subclasses: supererogation is divided to heroic and benevolent supererogation, and suberogation is divided to delinquent and atrocious suberogation. Their inquiry process and conclusive proposal are highly persuasive, but not enough to deal with supererogation (and suberogation) totally. In this research, we present the third subclass of supererogation (and suberogation), namely “conflictive supererogation” (and “conflictive suberogation”) which is overlooked in Urano and Ishida’s framework. By including this third subclass and expand the conceptual framework, it becomes possible to illustrate supererogation (and suberogation) more comprehensively, which make sure that supererogation (and suberogation) is not just theoretical construction but familiar aspects of our practices and worries in everyday moral choices
[Dataset] Supporting Information for Characterizing Settlement of Activated Sludge Based on AI-Assisted Analysis of Moving and Still Images
No full textSupplementary dataset to the publication: Nakaya, Y. et al. Characterizing the Settlement of Activated Sludge Based on AI-Assisted Analysis of Moving and Still Images. ACS ES&T Water (2025). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c0053
The Boundary within the Red-light District in Tomiko Miyao's Autobiographical Works : Kai, Shunto, Iwago Oboe-gaki, and Kantsubaki
No full text
Competency Survey and Analysis of Proficient Science Communicators
No full text科学技術コミュニケーション活動を担う科学技術コミュニケーター（以下，SC）養成が全国で始まって久しいが，SC の職能は幅広く多様で，未だに能力や人材価値が明確でない．そこで本研究ではSC の職能の中核的な要素を抽出するために熟達者へのコンピテンシー調査を行った．具体的には，熟達したSC に対し行動結果面接（BEI）法を通して効果的な活動のための行動特徴を抽出した後，コンピテンシー・ディクショナリーの分類に当てはめ，SC の職能の特徴について抽出した．その結果，SC は自律的かつ主体的な活動が多く，特に新たなコミュニケーションのプログラムやシステムを創り上げるために，イニシアティブをとり，複雑な関係性を分析する活動が見られた．また，組織に沿った活動を行うのではなく，組織の中でも個としての動きが見られた．Although the training of science communicators (SCs), who are responsible for scientific and technological communication activities, has long been underway throughout Japan, the job functions of SCs are still ambiguous, and their abilities and human resource values are not yet clear. In this study, we designed a survey based on competency theory to clarify the job functions of SCs. Specifically, behavioral characteristics for effective activities were extracted from skilled SCs through the Behavioral Event Interview (BEI method), and then applied to the Competency Dictionary classification to extract the characteristics of SC job performance. As a result, we found that SCs are often autonomous and proactive in their activities, especially in taking initiative to create new communication programs and systems, and in analyzing complex relationships. In addition, SCs were observed to move as individuals within the organization, rather than to conduct activities in line with the organization
