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A Study on the Reflexive Use of ‘zibun’
No full textこれまでの研究では，日本語の「自分」を再帰標識（reflexive marker，RM）として認められてきたこともある（E.Geniušienė 1987，Hirose 2014）。本稿では，多様な用法を持つ「自分」に着目し，その共起関係と文法的振る舞いを明らかにすることを目的としている。E.Geniušienė（1987）は再帰標識を広義に定義し，リトアニア語やロシア語などの再帰的接辞だけでなく，動詞の接辞や助詞，代名詞などの要素も含めて考察している。この広義の定義に基づき，日本語の「自分」も再帰標識の一種として捉えられる。Hirose（2014）もまた，日本語には「自分」や「己」，「自ら」など，多様な再帰代名詞に相当する語が存在し，これらが再帰標識として機能することを指摘している。しかし，「自分」は再帰代名詞としての機能に加え，一人称単数代名詞や対称詞としても用いられる多様な用法を持つ。本稿は再帰標識としての「自分」の有効性を検証するものではなく，むしろ「自分」の多様な文法的機能に焦点を当てたものである。本稿では，まず先行研究における「自分」の用法を概観し，それぞれの文法的特徴を明らかにした。また，「自分」の再帰的用法を考察するために，「自分」が主格名詞句，対格名詞句，与格名詞句に生起する場合を分類し，その文法的振る舞いを分析した。その結果，主格名詞句に生起する場合には，照応的用法と照応的ではない用法に大別できることが明らかになった。さらに，対格目的語としての「自分」は主に精神的領域を示すが，物理的な行為や動作にも用いられることがあることを示した。また，与格名詞句における「自分に」が再帰的用法に該当するかどうかは，「自分に」そのものの特性ではなく，動作の着点を示す与格名詞の性質に依存することを指摘した
A Framework for Institutional Privacy Considered Full DNS over HTTPS Architecture
No full textDomain Name System (DNS) has become an indispensable infrastructure for domain name resolution, which is essential for using Internet services today. Until now, privacy protection in DNS has mainly focused on the end user side, encrypting traffic between end terminals and DNS full-service resolvers, and the communication between DNS full-service resolvers and authoritative DNS servers still occurs in clear text. A DNS query from a DNS full-service resolver to an authoritative DNS server does not typically pose a privacy issue because the source IP address originates from the DNS full-service resolver. However, several recent reports have indicated that privacy leaks can occur at the institutional level by wiretapping the DNS communication or analyzing the domain name resolution logs of authoritative DNS servers. In order to further strengthen privacy in DNS, we propose a framework for domain name resolution that considers institutional privacy: full-DoH DNS architecture. The evaluation results on the prototype system confirmed that the end user privacy leakage risk on DNS communication between the end terminal and authoritative DNS servers could be significantly mitigated, and the overhead was acceptable for using Internet services. The main contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows: i) we proposed a novel domain name resolution framework enabling end user preferences considering institutional privacy; ii) the evaluation results confirmed deployment in a local network environment and real-world Internet; and iii) we discussed the related issues of the proposed framework with respect to operations in a real network environment
A Study on Employment Conditions and Living Environment for Foreign Workers : Focusing on Specified Skilled Foreign Workers in Large-Scale Vegetable Production Corporations in Hokkaido
No full textThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the employment and living conditions of foreign workers in large-scale agricultural corporations in Hokkaido, focusing on those working under the Specified Skilled Worker SSW system. This study examines a large-scale vegetable production corporation in central Hokkaido, analyzing its employment structure, foreign workersʼ career intentions, and their evaluations of working and living conditions. The findings indicate that, while the workers generally appreciate the working environment and employment stability, dissatisfaction arises due to seasonal income fluctuations. Additionally, the study reveals a reluctance among foreign workers to pursue managerial positions, primarily due to social dynamics among colleagues. Moreover, although the living environment is deemed adequate, there is limited integration with the local community. The study suggests that, rather than hierarchical promotions, wage structure improvement may be more effective in maintaining the long-term engagement of foreign workers.本研究の目的は，特定技能制度のもとで働く外国人労働者の就業および生活環境を評価することである．本研究では，北海道道央に位置する大規模野菜生産法人を対象に，雇用構造，外国人労働者のキャリア意向，および就業・生活環境の評価を分析した．調査結果によると，労働者は職場環境や雇用の安定性を評価しているが，季節による収入変動に対する不満が見られた．また，職場内の人間関係の影響により，多くの外国人労働者が管理職への昇進を避ける傾向にあることが明らかになった．さらに，住居やインフラは一定の基準を満たしているものの，地域社会との交流が限られており，社会的なつながりを築くことが困難であることが課題となっている．本研究は，昇進制度よりも賃金体系の改善が，外国人労働者の長期的な定着を維持する上でより効果的である可能性を示唆する
Reading Classics through Study Questions : “The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge” by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann (Part7)
No full textThis is the seventh part of a series of attempts to propose and demonstrate a new method of reading academic masterpieces, which are otherwise difficult for readers to grapple with. The proposed 'Study Question Method' helps students read through and understand the target academic manuscript precisely and critically. The sample piece selected in this series of essays is "The Social Construction of Reality - A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge", by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The paradigm introduced in this book later got to be known as social constructionism and has made a big influence on not only sociology but also other academic fields such as phycology, pedagogy, gender study, and science in nursing. This part 7 examines the first chapter of the Part III, which deals with primary and secondary socialization, and how people maintenance and transform their subjective reality. It consists of study questions, and corresponding answers and comments
Examining the loss of Ainu salmon fishing grounds along the Ishikari River during the rule of Imperial Japan : Focusing on business failure triggered by the implementation of large-scale fishing nets under the leadership of Kuroda Kiyotaka
No full text近代以降の帝国日本による統治下で、アイヌは近世まで生業の基幹としてきた河川流域の鮭漁場を次々と喪失していった。この事実そのものはよく知られており、資源保護を名目とした漁法の制限や禁漁区設定の経緯、その影響を強く受ける地域に住んだアイヌが直面した状況に関しては比較的厚い研究の蓄積がある。一方で、禁漁区とならなかった河川の本流で制限の対象外とされていた曳網漁に参画していたアイヌの状況については、なお検討の余地が大きく残されている。本稿ではこの問題について、石狩川河口域の事例を対象として取り上げ検討をおこなった。その結果、近世末～近代初頭の時点で、石狩川河口域にはアイヌが使用する鮭漁場が6～7箇所存在したが、1873（明治6）年にはヤウシバ漁場・シビシビウス漁場・トウヤウス漁場の3箇所にまで減少しており、1876（明治9）年には対雁に移住させた樺太アイヌの活計を名目として、シビシビウス漁場の全てとトウヤウス漁場の半分が開拓使によって取り上げられるという変遷を辿ったことを確認した。加えて、1878（明治11）年には開拓使長官黒田清隆により、ヤウシバ漁場で操業するアイヌに大網を導入させる決定が下されたものの、過大な設備投資を回収できずに操業開始から僅か3年で経営が破綻する事態を招き、アイヌには巨額の負債が残されたことを実証した。こうした事態に対し、アイヌは負債の更なる拡大を防ぐために大網を廃し小網による操業に復することを訴え出て実現したうえで、札幌県に対しシビシビウス漁場の返還を求める動きを見せたこと、また周辺で農地の確保を試みるなど新たな活計の道を模索していったことを指摘した。Entering the modern period, under the rule of Imperial Japan, the Ainu lost riverside salmon fishing grounds one after another. These fishing grounds had been a core livelihood for the Ainu since the pre-modern period. This fact itself is relatively well-known, and there has been considerable research on subjects including particulars of restrictions upon fishing methods in the name of conservation of resources, and the history of establishment of prohibited fishing areas, as well as the effects upon the Ainu living in regions heavily affected by such. However, there is scope for further consideration of the conditions for Ainu who legally carried out salmon fishery along rivers which had not been closed to fishing. This paper investigates this subject in respect of the Ishikari River estuary region. We find that from the end of the pre-modern period to the beginning of the modern period, six or seven fishing grounds used by the Ainu existed in the Ishikari River estuary region. However, in 1873 (Meiji year 6), only three fishing ground locations remained: Yaushiba, Shibishibiusu, and Touyausu. Further, we find that in 1876 (Meiji year 9), the Hokkaido Colonial Department seized the entirety of Shibishibiusu fishing ground and half of Touyausu fishing ground, as part of a plan to forcibly relocate Karafuto Ainu to Tsuishikari and provide these fishing grounds for use by the Karafuto Ainu. Further, we establish that in 1878 (Meiji year 11), Hokkaido Colonial Department Commissioner Kuroda Kiyotaka issued a decision to implement large fishing nets for the Ainu who operated Yaushiba fishing ground, however, the excessive capital investment could not be recovered, leading to business failure a mere three years from commencement, and leaving the Ainu with massive debt. Among my findings, I highlight that in response to this situation, to prevent further increase of debt, the Ainu appealed for abandonment of large fishing nets and restoration of private operation with small nets, advocating for the return of Shibishibiusu fishing ground from the Sapporo Prefecture, and also that the Ainu sought new ways of livelihood, for example, by attempting to secure nearby agricultural land
Multicultural Education of Urespa (Nurturing Together) : An Ethnography of the Urespa Club at Sapporo University
No full text本稿は、札幌大学ウレㇱパクラブの事例を通じて、現代日本におけるアイヌ民族に関する多文化教育のあり方を考察するエスノグラフィー研究である。まず、アイヌ民族と和人の歴史的関係性、および現代におけるアイヌ民族の置かれている状況を概観する。その上で、アイヌ民族をめぐる教育の歴史と現状を整理し、ウレㇱパクラブの成立経緯と活動内容を詳細に記述する。ウレㇱパクラブの取り組みは、アイヌ民族と和人が「育て合う」という理念に基づいた先駆的な多文化教育の実践である。本稿は、その実践を分析することで、ウレㇱパクラブにおける多文化教育の新たな可能性を提示することを目指す。This paper investigates the nature of multicultural education pertaining to the Ainu people in contemporary Japan, utilizing an ethnographic study of the Urespa Club at Sapporo University. It commences with an overview of the historical relationship between the Ainu and the “Wajin”, alongside the present circumstances of the Ainu people. Subsequently, the historical trajectory and current state of Ainu-related education are examined, followed by a detailed account of the Urespa Clubʼs establishment and activities. The Urespa Clubʼs initiatives, grounded in the philosophy of “mutual nurturing” between the Ainu and “Wajin”, exemplify a pioneering approach to multicultural education. Through an analysis of these practices, this paper aims to illuminate novel possibilities for multicultural education within the Urespa Club context
A Study of Two Forms Expressing “necessity” in Turkmen
No full textThis study examines two forms used to express “necessity” (deontic modality, meaning ‘it is necessary (that/to...)’) in Turkmen (Turkic languages, Southeastern branch): 1. Obligative V-mAlI, 2. Necessity construction V-mAk(lIk) gerek [V(erb stem)-VN necessary]. The semantic issue in question is whether both the abovementioned forms express epistemic modality, because, Turkmen grammar reference books do not mention anything about this aspect. However, studies on Turkic languages have indicated ambiguity between deontic and epistemic modalities. A contrastive study of subjective modal auxiliary verbs in Japanese and English (e.g., the English epistemic modal auxiliary may, daroo in Japanese, etc.) found that subjective modal auxiliary verbs (a) do not have negative and past form, (b) are not included in interrogative sentences and temporal/conditional clauses, and (c) do not come within the ambit of the sentential pronoun it/so. These constraints should therefore restrict the above two Turkmen forms as well. However, previous studies do not contain any information about these constraints. This study clarifies the differences between the two Turkmen forms expressing necessity by resolving the abovementioned semantic and formal issues through examinations conducted with two native Turkmen speakers. The examinations focused on meanings (translation examination and acceptabiliy evaluation) and clarified that V-mAlI could express both deontic and epistemic modalities while V-mAk(lIk) gerek could not be used to express epistemic modality. The examination focused on forms (acceptability evaluation) clarified that V-mAk(lIk) gerek does not express epistemic modality, so the verb stems in V-mAk(lIk) gerek do not follow the item expressing tense. Therefore, it is concluded that in Turkmen, V-mAlI could express epistemic modality while V-mAk(lIk) gerek could not
