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Research on the Integration of Operational Planning for Mobility as a Service and Micro Grids
No full textエネルギー効率の改善やレジリエンシィの確保を目的とした地産地消型のエネルギーシステムとして，再生可能エネルギーを主体としたマイクログリッドに期待が高まっている。しかし，マイクログリッドは比較的狭い地域を対象としていることから再生可能エネルギーの発電出力と電力需要とをバランスさせにくい。蓄電池を活用したエネルギーの時間的シフトや上位系統との電力融通（売買電）といった対応が必要であるが，これらは MG 運用者にとって経済的な負担となることが多い。異なる地点に設置されている複数の MG を連携させることで，エネルギーの空間的シフトにより需給のバランスを図る検討もあるが，そのためには送配電線を介した自己託送が必要となり，経済的負担に加えて計画値同時同量の達成など技術的なハードルも高い。これらのことからマイクログリッドの事業性確立には，エネルギーの時間的・空間的シフトを可能とする上記以外の対策についても検討することは意義深いと考える。排気ガスの削減や交通渋滞の改善を目的とした次世代交通システム，MaaS（Mobility as a Service)が実運用のステージに移行しつつある。MaaS ではあらゆる公共交通機関が IT 技術でシームレスに結び付けられるため，ガソリンを燃料とする自家用車主体から，電気自動車（EV）によるカーシェアリングやライドシェアなどのシェアモビリティを主体とする交通形態へのパラダイムシフトが実現される可能性は高い。そこで，人・物の輸送という MaaS の本来の目的に相乗りする形で，電力系統の制約に縛られないエネルギーの時間的・空間的シフトを実現できる可能性に着目した。MaaS の配車計画とマイクログリッド間のエネルギーの空間的シフトを含めたエネルギーマネジメントを協調的に計画・運用する“EV and Energy”Management System（E2MS）を提案する。さらに，MaaS の移動需要を満たしつつ，マイクログリッド間のエネルギーの時間的・空間的シフトに MaaS を活用し得ることを数値試算をもとに評価する。Microgrids are gaining attention as a solution for promoting local energy production and consumption to improve energy efficiency and resilience. However, their small scale often leads to significant supply–demand imbalances, making it difficult to align renewable energy output with electricity demand. Addressing this mismatch typically involves measures such as deploying battery storage or engaging in power trading with larger grid systems, including interconnections between multiple microgrids. These solutions, however, entail financial burdens and technical challenges, such as the high cost of self-wheeling and the complexity of achieving simultaneous supply–demand balancing. Thus, exploring innovative approaches to enhance energy storage and transfer is crucial for improving the economic viability of microgrids.
Mobility as a Service (MaaS), designed to reduce emissions and alleviate traffic congestion, is advancing towards widespread implementation. By seamlessly integrating various forms of public transportation, MaaS fosters a shift from reliance on gasoline-powered personal vehicles to shared electric vehicles (EVs) through car-sharing and ride-sharing systems.
In this research, we propose an EV and Energy Management System (E2MS) that bridges MaaS delivery scheduling with microgrid energy management. Numerical simulations validate the feasibility of this system, demonstrating that EVs can simultaneously satisfy MaaS transportation demands and act as mobile storage units to enhance energy transfer and storage between microgrids
陸域生態系からのモノテルペン排出量のプロセスベースモデルによる推定 [全文の要約]
No full textこの博士論文全文の閲覧方法については、以下のサイトをご参照ください。https://www.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dissertations/copy-guides
Which Legislators Represent Women? Evidence from Argentine Senate and House of Representatives, 2001-2021
No full textThis paper analyzes the role of female legislators in Argentina in submitting women-related bills in the Argentine Senate and House of Representatives between 2001 and 2021. The study addresses two main questions: 1) Do female legislators submit more women-related bills than their male counterparts? and 2) Is there a difference in the propensity to submit such bills between female senators and female representatives? With the introduction of gender quotas in Argentina—one of the first countries to adopt such measures—more women have entered the legislature, creating a unique opportunity to analyze their legislative behavior over time. Using an original dataset, the paper categorizes “womenrelated bills” and compares submission patterns across gender and legislative chambers. The findings show that female legislators generally submit more women-related bills than their male counterparts. Furthermore, both male and female senators submit more womenrelated bills than members of the House of Representatives. This suggests that female legislators tend to facilitate the substantive representation of women, but the effect varies between the two chambers due to factors such as differences in electoral systems and party constraints. Additionally, the study notes a significant number of women-related bills introduced by male legislators, with a growing trend over time. The paper contributes by developing a new dataset, providing insights into the role of female legislators in Argentina, and offering a comparative analysis of the two chambers
An Analysis of Regional Economic Growth Factors in Hokkaido : A Study based on Shift-Share Analysis
No full textThis article aims to identify regional economic growth factors on all 179 municipalities in Hokkaido by using Shift-Share analysis. This paper divided regional economic growth factors into 3 effects,ⅰ)total effect,ⅱ）the industry-mix effect,ⅲ)the regional differential effect.This paper focuses on two types of municipalities-level data. One is based on additional value, the other is based on the number of employees. As a result, The regional differential effect mainly tends to contribute in regional economic growth both positive and negative through two types of Shift-Share analysis. It is found that the regional differential effect is estimated negative on 70％ of all towns in Hokkaido. Therefore, it is necessary to consider various backgrounds of the regional differential effect as a next step
The Situations and Meaning of Individuals in Modern Society (2) : The Emergence of Ideas of Individuals and Situations of Individuals in Modern Society
No full textThe idea that individuals are free, equal and independent emerged in the 18th Century. This idea had formed since the High Medieval Period of Europe. In the Renaissance of the 12th century, scholastic philosophers founded the dialectical method as a continuation of Aristotle's works, and began to interpret religious belief with reason. This revolutionary idea instigated the awakening of the 'self', and engendered the development of literature as relationship norms and ideas of love evolved from historic norms. Further, the rise of market economies with the revival of commerce in the 11th century, and the birth of the State, signaled an alienation from old civil society (societas civilis), and gave social momentum to the idea of individuals. Yet, we are still bound by our social relationships – the social division of labor in markets, health care and childcare supported by communities, and various hierarchical orders within society --, and individuals in modern society are not the atomistic free-willed beings that we would like to believe we are. To fully understand the meaning of 'us', the individual in modern society, we must study our relationships as individuals within our fluid social relationships
Factors behind Differences in Market Behavior of Hokkaido Beet Sugar Companies : Focusing on the 2000s and After
No full textAgainst the backdrop of declining sugar consumption, the sugar beet industry in Hokkaido is facing a structural recession, and it is becoming difficult to maintain the crop rotation system even at sugar beet production sites. In response to this situation, this research comprehensively analyzes the market behavior of beet sugar companies and elucidates the differences and the factors that bring about the differences. The results of the analysis show that Hokkaido Sugar Corporation distinctively diverges from its competitors in raw material procurement and production practices. This divergence stems from uniform policy regulations applied to sugar producers with varying operational conditions.日本の砂糖需要の慢性的縮小，糖価調整制度の累積赤字問題，資材高騰や労働力不足による生産者栽培意欲低下など，北海道のてん菜糖業を取り巻く市場構造が悪化しつつある．地域経済や輪作体系にとっててん菜糖業者の存続が必要不可欠であり，悪化する市場構造下における糖業者の市場行動の解明が喫緊の課題となっている．本稿では糖価調整制度が発足した2000年代以降を対象に，てん菜糖業者の市場行動に着目し，業者間で差異が生じる要因を明らかにすることを目的とする．研究対象は北海道に立地するてん菜糖業者全3社をとする．分析の結果，3社のなかで北糖は原料調達と砂糖の生産面において他社との違いが確認され，このような差異が発生した原因は，異なる操業条件の糖業者に対する一律の政策的規制であることが明らかになった
A Reflective Narrative from One Instructor Post-Online Study Abroad
No full textIn this reflective narrative, I report on student and instructor perceptions and reflections of distance learning experiences of courses held online at a Japanese university and online study abroad experiences using survey data, interview data, and student reflections. In 2020, many educational institutions in Japan faced the challenge of adapting to distance learning to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Instructors were primarily concerned with implementing effective lessons, navigating student expectations, and adapting to the changes in performance while negotiating with educational institutions during this challenging time. I narrate and discuss the findings of this study concerning meeting student needs, the use of in-house Learning Management Systems (LMS), active learning implementation, and student reactions to a shift to the online study abroad situation. My reflective study calls for additional educational resources that can support instructors in preparing, designing, and conducting online courses. Based on data analysis, I propose future suggestions for effectively implementing online teaching and incorporating online courses on a needs basis. As there is an increased number of online international training programs, online internships, and remote work, I believe that an online study abroad experience can provide students with insights into ways to prepare themselves for their academic and professional careers
Light-Harvesting Complex I in Red-Lineage Algae : Evolutionary Mechanisms of Structural Diversification
No full text水圏の光合成の約半分を担う紅色進化系統藻類は，紅藻からクリプト藻，不等毛藻，ハプト藻へと細胞内共生を通じて色素体が伝播する過程で，光捕集システムが多様な進化を遂げた．とりわけ光化学系I (PSI) に結合する光捕集複合体 (LHCI) は，各系統で特徴的な構造を持つ．我々は，クライオ電子顕微鏡の構造解析データと分子系統解析により，同一，もしくは遺伝子重複と分化によって生じたLHC分子が複合体の新しい位置に結合する「Neolocalization」という現象を見出した．この現象は，極限環境への適応や細胞内共生を経験した藻類において顕著であり，多様な光環境への適応において重要であると考えられる．Red-lineage algae, which account for about half of the oceanic photosynthesis, have undergone diverse evolutionary trajectories in their light-harvesting systems as plastids have spread from red algae through endosymbiotic events to cryptophytes, heterokonts, and haptophytes. In particular, the light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) associated with photosystem I (PSI) shows distinctive structural characteristics in each lineage. We combined the structural data from cryo-electron microscopy analyses with molecular phylogenetic analyses and revealed that neolocalization—a phenomenon in which identical or duplicated and differentiated LHC molecules bind to new positions within the complex—serves as a crucial evolutionary mechanism driving this diversification. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in algae that have adapted to extreme environments or have undergone endosymbiotic events, suggesting its role as a key evolutionary mechanism for adaptation to diverse light environments