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X-Ray Exposed Tubulins During In vitro Polymerization Reactions : A Possible Approach for Radiation-induced Impacts on Microtubules
No full text細胞質に存在する微小管は，細胞の構造維持と機能発現において重要な役割を果たしている。しかし，αβ-チューブリンヘテロ二量体からなる微小管に及ぼす放射線影響は依然として十分に明らかではない。本研究では，放射線被ばくによって損傷したチューブリンが，その重合反応に与える影響を明らかにするために，蛍光チューブリン重合アッセイキットを用いて，in vitro 重合反応におけるX 線被ばくチューブリンと非照射チューブリンの相互作用を調べた。その結果，X 線照射されたチューブリンは微小管を形成することはできないが，正常チューブリンの重合反応に寄与する可能性が示唆された。Microtubules in the cytoplasm play an important role in a number of cellular processes. Radiation-induced impacts on microtubules, composed of αβ-tubulin heterodimers, remain to be determined. In this study, to clarify how tubulins damaged by radiation exposure affect the polymerization reaction, with a fluorescent tubulin polymerization assay kit, we investigated the interactions of X-ray exposed tubulins with intact ones during in vitro polymerization reactions. Our proposed approach may shed light on the emerging role of tubulin damage control for understanding how cellular functions are maintained after exposure to radiation
Factors Contributing to the Formation of Live-in Agricultural Volunteers in Remote Agricultural Areas : A Case Study of Farm E in Engaru Town, Hokkaido
No full textAgricultural volunteers are expected to be the leaders of agriculture, providing citizens with ongoing support for farmersʼ farm work. The key challenge in establishing agricultural volunteers is to gather people, and many volunteers have been established in the suburbs of cities by bringing in residents from nearby areas. On the other hand, Farm E in Engaru Town, Hokkaido, Japan, despite its remote location, has successfully addressed this issue by attracting people from far away and having them live on farms, resulting in 200 volunteer applicants and 50 participants. This paper clarifies the actual situation of this farm as an advanced case of live-in agricultural volunteers in a remote farming area, and discusses the factors that contributed to its success, so that farmers in remote farming areas can introduce agricultural volunteers as a means of ensuring their workforce in the future. As a result of the discussion, it was found that the factors that contributed to the success of the project were (1) information dissemination through the website, (2) an attitude toward accepting volunteers, and (3) the corporate philosophy of the farm.農業の担い手として，市民が農家の農作業を継続的に支援する援農ボランティアが期待されている．農業ボランティアは人を集めることが重要な課題であり，その多くは都市近郊において近隣住民を取り込むことで成立してきた．一方で北海道遠軽町のE農場は遠隔地でありながら，遠方から人を集め，住み込み式で課題に対処し，ボランティア応募者200人，参加者50人の実績をあげている．本論文では今後，遠隔農業地域の農業経営が労働力確保の面からも援農ボランティアを導入できるようになることを期待し，事例農場を遠隔農業地域における住み込み援農ボランティアの先進的な事例として位置づけ，その成立要因を考察した．その要点は，①ホームページを活用した情報発信，②魅力的な受け入れ体制，③受け入れ農場のコンセプトである
"Narrative" in German Mysticism : Eckhart and Zen Buddhism from a social theoretical perspective
No full textDer Zweck dieser Arbeit besteht darin, die einzigartige sprachliche Kommunikation in der deutschen Mystik und im Zen-Buddhismus aus der Perspektive von Luhmanns Systemtheorie zu untersuchen. Die deutsche Mystik war eine religiöse Philosophie, die sich im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert im Rheintal verbreitete und deren Vertreter Eckhart war. Sie strebten eine direkte Verbindung zwischen Gott und Mensch (unio mystica) an. Als Methode spielten dabei Schweigen einerseits und Reden andererseits eine voneinander abhängige Rolle. Durch seine Predigten versuchte Eckhart, gottgenerierende oder sich selbst erzeugende Worte wiederherzustellen. Dies bedeutet eine Wiederholung der „Schöpfungʠ Gottes durch Worte. Andererseits verwendet der Zen-Buddhismus auch die Sprache (das Reden) als zentrale Methode. Asketische Mönche meditieren schweigend beim Zazen und streben nach „Erleuchtungʠ. Sie kommunizieren aber auch verbal anhand der „Ko-ansʠ, die ihnen ihre Lehrer geben. In diesem Fall ging es um die Verleugnung und Überwindung der verbalen Kommunikation. Die Soziologen Niklas Luhmann und Peter Fuchs bieten in ihrer Studie „ Reden und Schweigenʠ eine eigene Interpretation dieser beiden religiösen Bestrebungen aus systemtheoretischer Sicht. Luhmann und Fuchs zeigen, dass sowohl die deutsche Mystik als auch der Zen-Buddhismus der Struktur selbstverleugnender, selbstreferenzieller Paradoxien folgen, die versuchen, das Wort Gottes in der Sprache der Systeme zu erläutern. Andererseits handelt es sich hierbei um eine re-entrystruktur (Wiedereintrittsstruktur) in der Systemtheorie und kann als negative Theologie in der Systemtheorie betrachtet werden. Die re-entry-struktur drückt die asymmetrische Beziehung zwischen dem System (dem Wort der Schöpfung) und der Umwelt (dem Wort Gottes) sowie das Verhältnis gegenseitiger Abhängigkeit aus. Auch die Beziehung „Reden und Schweigenʠ hat eine ähnliche Struktur. Dies deutet nicht nur auf die Grenzen der deutschen Mystik und des Zen-Buddhismus hin, sondern lässt sich auch als das Potenzial beider interpretieren, sich zu erneuern, zu verändern und zu regenerieren. Zumindest kann man es als ein solches Zeichen erkennen
Exploring Public Engagement in Workshops for ELSI
No full text本稿は，先端技術の倫理的・法的・社会的課題（Ethical, Legal and Social Issues：以下，ELSIと記す）をテーマとする市民参画型ワークショップに対して，どのような属性の市民が積極的に関与しうるのかについて，探索的に検討するものである．イノベーションにおける市民参画の重要性や具体的方法については，責任ある研究・イノベーション（Responsible Research and Innovation：以下，RRIと記す）やELSIと関連付けられて，科学技術社会論の領域で盛んに検討されてきた．また，ユーザーイノベーションや都市・まちづくりに関する研究群では，当事者・市民参画の背景をさぐる議論が蓄積されてきた．しかし，それらの知見を活用しながら，科学技術社会論の領域において当該ワークショップの精緻化が図られてきたわけではない．こうした問題意識に基づき「身体機能の支援器具」のELSIをテーマとした仮想的な対話ワークショップに対して，どのような属性の市民が，高い関与の意向を示すのかについて，関連領域の知見を基に質問票を作成し，調査を実施した．その結果，リードユーザーネス，当事者性，コミュニティ意識（連帯・積極性，自己決定）という要素が，関与の意向に対して，正の影響を与えていた．この知見を踏まえ，対話ワークショップの設計に関する実務的な含意と今後の研究の方向性について議論を展開した．This paper explores the attributes of citizens actively involved in workshops in which citizens and experts engage in dialogues regarding the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) of advanced technologies. In the field of science and technology studies (STS), the importance of citizensʼ involvement in innovation processes and specific public-engagement methods has been extensively discussed, particularly with respect to responsible research and innovation and ELSI. In addition, studies on user innovation and urban and city planning have discussed the background of product users and citizensʼ involvement in innovation. However, these discussions have not been thoroughly applied to refine citizen participation in STS workshops. Therefore, we conducted a survey based on insights from studies on user innovation and urban and city planning, focusing on a hypothetical dialogue workshop on the ELSI of “assistive devices for bodily functions.” Our findings reveal that lead users of this technology, that is, people with difficulties in physical functioning and/or their families, and community consciousness (solidarity and self-determination) positively influence citizensʼ intention to participate in such workshops. Based on these findings, we discuss practical implications for designing dialogue workshops and potential future research directions
Preparing Future Faculty Program for Graduate Students in Science and Engineering: A Survey of Faculty and Staff at Other Universities' Programs
No full textThis study aims to gather insights into the design and implementation of a Preparing Future Faculty (PFF) Program for graduate students at science and engineering universities. A survey was conducted on faculty and staff at 20 national and private universities in Japan about the scope of participants, formats of implementation, contents of the program, and evaluation methods of the PFF program. The results revealed that at major national universities, PFF programs are offered as standard graduate education (official) courses and implemented throughout campuses together with university teaching assistant training. The structure of the PFF program focuses on content related to course design, which is essential for teaching practices. Based on the results, the study discusses the selection of program contents and conduct of teaching practicum for highly skilled teaching assistants who are capable of partially handling introductory science courses within the framework of PFF training. The study also identified challenges involved in the continuous operation of PFF programs. In particular, the program needs to raise awareness in universities, secure a steady number of participants, and ensure the availability of staff to administer the PFF
Knotworking of High-School and University Collaboration mediated by "question": A Case Study of A Class Development at X Academy
No full textThis study examines how to develop more effective programs connecting high school and university learning by analyzing the project process of a class development. We attempted to present a practical perspective for developing high school-university collaborative educational programs by describing two inquiry-based classes developed at the school corporation. First, to ensure the high school-university collaborative program's effectiveness, it is crucial to consider not just the classes themselves but also the work that takes place before, after, and around them. These processes, as integral parts of the program, contribute to its success. Second, for high-school and university learning to mesh, it is vital to create a space where both parties can collaborate and transform the division of labor system. This holistic approach engages all stakeholders and ensures the success of the program
