Publikationer från Linköpings universitet
Not a member yet
58266 research outputs found
Sort by
Kommunikationen mellan entreprenör och beställare inom byggbranschen.
No full textCommunication is a key factor in the successful execution of construction projects. The construction industry is characterized by complex processes and multiple actors with different roles and responsibilities. Despite this, misunderstandings, delays, and additional costs often arise due to unclear or insufficient communication between clients and contractors. This thesis aims to examine how communication between these parties' functions in practice, to identify common weaknesses, and to analyze the consequences of poor communication in construction projects. The study is based on a combination of literature review and semi-structured interviews with three actors in the Swedish construction sector: Norrköping Municipality, Riksbyggen, and Sjötorpshus. The interviews aimed to provide insights into how communication is managed in various types of projects, including both public and private initiatives, and to identify recurring challenges and success factors. The findings highlight that clear documentation, regular meetings, and defined responsibilities are essential for effective communication. Common problems include unclear project documentation, lack of follow-up, and verbal agreements that are not confirmed in writing. The study also shows that time pressure and limited resources can have a negative impact on communication. By presenting good practices and lessons learned, this thesis offers practical suggestions for improving communication between clients and contractors in future construction projects.Kommunikation är en avgörande faktor för att byggprojekt ska genomföras effektivt och utan onödiga hinder. Inom byggbranschen är projekten ofta komplexa och involverar flera aktörer med olika roller och ansvar. Trots detta uppstår ofta missförstånd och förseningar på grund av bristande eller otydlig kommunikation mellan beställare och entreprenör. Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka hur kommunikationen mellan dessa parter fungerar i praktiken, vilka svagheter som förekommer och vilka konsekvenser bristande kommunikation kan få för projektets genomförande. Studien bygger på en kombination av litteraturstudie och semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre aktörer inom byggsektorn: Norrköpings kommun, Riksbyggen och Sjötorpshus. Intervjuerna syftade till att få en inblick i hur kommunikationen hanteras i olika typer av projekt, från offentliga till privata beställare, samt att identifiera gemensamma problem och framgångsfaktorer. Resultaten visar att tydlig dokumentation, regelbundna möten och klara ansvarsfördelningar är centrala faktorer för att uppnå fungerande kommunikation. Vanliga svårigheter är otydliga underlag, brist på återkoppling och att muntliga överenskommelser inte bekräftas skriftligt. Studien belyser också hur tidspress och resursbrist ofta påverkar kommunikationen negativt. Genom att lyfta goda exempel och framgångsrika arbetssätt bidrar arbetet med konkreta förslag på hur kommunikationen mellan beställare och entreprenör kan förbättras i framtida byggprojekt
Local Adaptation of Blue-Green Infrastructure in Urban Planning : A Spatial Approach to Flood Management in Norrköping Municipality.
No full textClimate change and urban expansion are escalating flood risks, highlighting the need for sustainable solutions like Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI). While BGI planning is advancing in Sweden, it faces challenges such as limited urban space, posing a "wicked problem". Effective BGI implementation often lacks strategic coherence and spatial precision. This thesis addresses this by using Norrköping Municipality, particularly its flood-prone city center along Motala Ström, as a case study. The study aimed to identify strategic BGI locations by selecting criteria and utilizing analysis tools to pinpoint priority areas for improved flood management.The research combined qualitative methods, specifically stakeholder interviews, providing insights, with quantitative techniques. It employed GIS and a Spatial Criteria Selection (SCS) model to systematically assess suitable areas. The SCS model evaluated areas based on their physical suitability, vulnerability to a 100-year flood event, and the presence of existing BGI plans.Key findings reveal that 64.31% of Norrköping Municipality is suitable for BGI implementation, while 35.69% is not. The SCS model is crucial as it focuses the analysis on critical, vulnerable zones, such as areas susceptible to a 100-year flood event. By integrating this targeted approach with existing BGI plans, the study significantly reduces the overall area needing immediate intervention that was initially identified by the model. This process effectively highlights highly vulnerable areas that are either suitable but currently lack plans, or are located near existing BGI, suggesting a need for enhancement. This spatial targeting method is deemed effective for resource allocation and complements strategic urban planning by identifying "hot spots" for action. The thesis provides guidance for city planners prioritizing BGI implementation for flood risk management
En undersökning av LLM-assisterade system för automatiserad planering : En utvärdering av språkmodeller för symbolisk planering
No full textThe integration of Large Language Models with symbolic planners has emerged as apromising approach for automated task planning. This thesis investigates how multimodalLLM-based systems, incorporating both textual and visual input, can be used to generateaccurate Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) problem descriptions. Building upon an existing planning framework, this work evaluates the performanceof various model types in generating accurate PDDL problem descriptions. The evaluatedmodel types include open- and closed-source versions of Large Language Models, VisionLanguage Models, and Reasoning Language Models. Additionally, two prompting strategies are compared: direct prompting and Chain-of-Thought prompting. The study alsoexamines the effect of using image captions and bounding boxes as input in the selectedframework. Experiments are conducted across four domains, including a Forklift domainspecifically created for this study. Results show that closed-source models such as GPT-4o significantly outperform opensource models, and that Vision Language Models with image input can outperform LargeLanguage Models and Reasoning Language Models that rely solely on textual input. Removing image captions had minimal effect on performance, likely because the object descriptions from the caption model added minimal additional information. In contrast, removing both captions and bounding boxes led to a drop in performance, highlighting theimportance of accurate object detection. Additionally, the results showed that CoT prompting does not consistently improve performance
The Arithmetic Operations of the Maya Culture and their Underlying Algorithms
No full textSynen på matematik i dagens samhälle är ofta begränsad och ensidig. Detta arbete syftar till att utmana denna snäva syn genom att utforska den djupare kulturella och filosofiska betydelsen av matematik. Syftet är att undersöka hur de aritmetiska operationerna utfördes inom mayamatematiken och vilka algoritmer som låg bakom dessa beräkningar. Arbetet inleds med en introduktion av mayafolkets talsystem, ett vertikalt system som bygger på huvudbasen 20, delbasen 5 och nollan - en symbol som mayacivilisationen var bland de första att använda. Trots mayakulturens rika vetenskapliga arv är mycket av deras matematiska kunskap fortfarande okänd. För att undersöka detta genomfördes matematisk analys av spanska och engelska källor för att identifiera de metoder som mayafolket kan ha använt för att beräkna. I arbetet presenteras metoder för addition, subtraktion, multiplikation och division, både med och utan användning av rutnät. Metoderna jämfördes sedan med det hindu-arabiska talsystemet och de algoritmer som används i det. De funna procedurerna för beräkning visade sig vara både enkla, eleganta och intelligenta. Arbetet belyser också den pågående debatten bland forskare om i vilken grad mayafolket utförde aritmetiska operationer och beräkningar med decimaltal. I det sista kapitlet presenteras hur mayamatematiken kan användas som en värdefull resurs i dagens matematikundervisning.The view of mathematics in today’s society is often limited and one-sided. This study aims to challenge this narrow perspective by exploring the deeper cultural and philosophical significance of mathematics. The purpose is to examine how arithmetic operations were performed in Mayan mathematics and what algorithms were behind these calculations. The work begins with an introduction to the Mayan number system, a vertical system based on the primary base of 20, a sub-base of 5, and the concept of zero — a symbol that the Maya civilization was among the first to use. Despite the rich scientific heritage of Mayan culture, much of their mathematical knowledge remains unknown. To investigate this, a mathematical analysis of both Spanish and English sources was conducted to identify the methods the Maya might have used for their calculations. The work presents methods for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, both with and without the use of grids. These methods were then compared to the Hindu-Arabic numeral system and the algorithms used in it. The discovered procedures for calculation proved to be simple, elegant, and intelligent. The work also highlights the ongoing debate among researchers about the extent to which the Maya performed arithmetic operations and calculations with decimal numbers. The final section presents how Mayan mathematics can be used as a valuable resource in contemporary mathematics education
"Sweden AB" : A Comparative Case Study of Two Municipalities' Collaboration with the Swedish Public Employment Service
No full textDenna uppsats undersöker samverkan mellan två svenska kommuner och Arbetsförmedlingen med fokus på arbetsmarknadspolitiska insatser och stöd till arbetssökande. Syftet är att analysera hur samarbetet organiseras och fungerar i praktiken, vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som förekommer samt hur samverkan hanterar arbetssökande som drabbas av upprepade sanktioner. Studien är explorativ och bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med nyckelpersoner inom kommunerna och Arbetsförmedlingen. Två kommuner med liknande socioekonomiska förutsättningar men olika organisatoriska lösningar har valts för jämförelse. Resultaten visar att även om grundförutsättningarna för samarbete är goda och relationerna är viktiga, hindras samverkan ofta av regelverksmässiga begränsningar, brister i informationsutbyte och organisatoriska skillnader. Detta leder till otydlig ansvarsfördelning och fördröjningar, vilket kan försvåra insatserna för individer med komplexa behov, inklusive de som drabbas av upprepade sanktioner. Studien pekar på behov av ökad flexibilitet, tydligare dialog och bättre samordning mellan Arbetsförmedlingen och kommuner. Uppsatsen bidrar till en fördjupad förståelse av samverkansprocesser mellan kommun och Arbetsförmedlingen och kan utgöra ett underlag för framtida studier som vill fördjupa kunskapen om hur stöd till arbetssökande kan utformas och utvecklas i samverkan mellan olika aktörer.This thesis investigates the collaboration between two Swedish municipalities and the Swedish Public Employment Service, focusing on labour market policy measures and support for job seekers. The aim is to analyse how this cooperation is organised and functions in practice, the opportunities and challenges involved, and how the collaboration addresses job seekers who are repeatedly subject to sanctions. The study is exploratory and based on qualitative interviews with key personnel within the municipalities and the Employment Service. Two municipalities with similar socio-economic conditions but different organisational models were selected for comparison. The results show that although the conditions for cooperation between the Public Employment Service and the municipalities are good and relationships are important, the collaboration is often hindered by regulatory constraints, shortcomings in information exchange, and organisational differences. This leads to unclear division of responsibilities and delays, which can complicate efforts for individuals with complex needs, particularly those who are repeatedly sanctioned. The study highlights the need for increased flexibility, clearer dialogue, and better coordination between the Public Employment Service and the municipalities
Meaning-Making, Intersectionality, and Visual Representation: A Feminist Study of Monica Sjöö’s Housewives and God Giving Birth
No full textThis thesis examines the intersectional dynamics of class, gender, and religion in the artwork of Swedish artist and activist Monica Sjöö, focusing on two paintings: Housewives (1973) and God Giving Birth (1968). Through a methodology that combines feminist visual analysis and narratology, I examine how Sjöö's visual narratives and symbolic elements create spaces for resistance and meaning-making in her artwork. I investigate thematics like domestic labor/space and male/oppositional gaze, helping problematizing Sjöö’s visual narratives. In supporting my analysis, I explore Sjöö's artwork within the context of her political activism and feminist spiritual movements, showing how her works embody a critique of capitalist, patriarchal, and religious systems. Finally, by situating my own positionality as a situated reader, I reflect on the ethical and epistemological implications of analysing feminist art from structures of privilege and marginality.
Designa för fotboll: Skapa framtidens analys
No full textOne of the biggest industries within sports is football. With increased access to valuable sports data, the need for sports analytics has grown and become an important resource for increased competition in professional football. This thesis explores the improvement of football data dashboards through a human-centered design approach, with the goal of optimising usability and reducing the risk of misinterpreting the data. Specifically, to simplify the creation of customised dashboards tailored to users’ needs. The study focuses on the PlaymakerAI platform. Where existing usability limitations were addressed through interviews with the target group; scouts and match analysts. The literature review and interviews helped shape the mockups, which were based on UX design principles and dashboard layout patterns. Key improvements focused on clearer visuals, a more flexible workflow and easier data filtering and navigation. The final mockups introduced features such as linked views, interactive filtering and clearer visual explanations. These were evaluated through an early concept evaluation and a comparative analysis with the current platform. Results indicate that the proposed solutions improve user experience by sup- porting different analytical tasks and decision-making processes for both scouts and match analysts. The thesis highlights the importance of tailoring visualisation tools to specific user goals within sports analytics platforms.En av de största industrierna inom sport är fotboll. Med ökad tillgång till värdefull sportdata har behovet av sportanalys vuxit och blivit en viktig resurs för ökad konkurrens inom professionell fotboll. Denna rapport utforskar förbättringen av instrumentpaneler för fotbollsdata genom en människocentrerad designstrategi, med målet att optimera användbarheten och minska risken för feltolkning av data. Specifikt för att simplifiera skapandet av anpassade instrumentpaneler som är skräddarsydda efter användarnas behov. Studien fokuserar på PlaymakerAI-plattformen. Där det fanns begränsningar i användbarheten togs dessa upp genom intervjuer med målgruppen; scouter och matchanalytiker. Litteraturgenomgången och intervjuerna på hjälpte till att utforma mockups, som baserades på UX-designprinciper och layoutmönster för instrumentpaneler på. De viktigaste förbättringarna handlade om tydligare bilder, ett mer flexibelt arbetsflöde på samt enklare datafiltrering och navigering. I de slutliga mockuperna introducerades funktioner som länkade vyer, interaktiv filtrering och tydligare visuella förklaringar. Dessa utvärderades genom en tidig konceptutvärdering och en jämförande analys med den nuvarande plattformen. Resultaten visar att de föreslagna lösningarna förbättrar användarupplevelsen genom att stödja olika analytiska uppgifter och beslutsprocesser för både scouter och matchanalytiker. Avhandlingen belyser vikten av att skräddarsy visualiseringsverktyg till specifika användarmål inom sportanalysplattformar
Maskininlärningsbaserad osäkerhetskvantifiering vid prediktion av postmortem-intervall från metabolomikdata
No full textDetermining the postmortem interval (PMI)–the time since death–is critical in forensic science. Yet, traditional methods often become unreliable due to the variable nature of biological processes after death. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) and metabolomics offer new opportunities for more accurate and interpretable PMI estimation. However, most ML approaches provide only point estimates without conveying the model’s confidence. This study uses Monte Carlo Dropout (MCD) to predict PMI from metabolomics data, providing a corresponding prediction interval, and investigates Variational Autoencoder(VAE) for capturing uncertainty in the data structure, reflecting variability in the metabolomics data. The best-performing MCD model, a multilayer perceptron with dropout active during inference, achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.57 days and showed a moderate correlation between Mean Prediction Interval Width (MPIW) and model error, indicating that uncertainty estimates can reflect predictive confidence. Increasing the dropout rate improved Prediction Interval Coverage Probability (PICP) but also widened MPIW, highlighting a trade-off between reliability and precision. The VAE, while effective at reconstructing data, showed limited utility for detecting out-of-distribution samples. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating uncertainty estimation into PMI prediction, as it enhances the interpretability and applicability of the results, making them more defensible in forensic contexts
When collaboration fails : – A Qualitative Interview Study on Governance and Cooperation in the Work Against Honour-Based Violence and Oppression
No full textThis study examines why collaboration in the practical work against honour-related violence and oppression in Sweden often fails, despite an extensive policy framework, and how a governance perspective can help to understand these obstacles. Honour-related violence and oppression is a complex societal problem involving numerous actors from different parts of the public sector and civil society. Previous research has shown that collaboration is crucial for effective protection efforts, but also that accountability, information sharing, and organizational coordination often present significant challenges. The study is based on six qualitative interviews with representatives from a government agency, the judiciary, municipal administration, civil society organization, and two non-profit organizations. The analysis is thematically structured and built upon a theoretical framework focusing on governance, network governance, collaboration, policy instruments, and policy implementation. The results show that the governance structure in honour-related violence and oppression efforts is characterized by unclear mandates, person-dependent collaboration, and a lack of long-term steering mechanisms. The role of civil society appears central in practice but is weakly anchored in formal governance structures, creating a gap in accountability. At the same time, examples of effective collaboration are identified, where trust, informal channels of communication, and shared forums have contributed to increased efficiency. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how governance functions in practice in a policy context where multiple actors share responsibility, but where the conditions for joint governance are still insufficient. The thesis concludes with a discussion on policy implications and the need to institutionalize effective forms of collaboration
Säkerhetsutvärdering av Open Banking Autentiseringsflöden med API Gateway Integration
No full textMany financial systems opened up to interconnection as a direct result of new legislationon an EU level. This caused many financial institutions to adopt API:s for intercommu-nication of important data and to execute transactions. This paper seeks to examine onesuch implementation.This paper examines the implementation of an API gateway to validate and facilitateOpen Banking authentication flow access, focusing on the challenges related to security.The study evaluates the target of evaluation accessible through an API gateway. Byemploying quantitative assurance metric the paper aims to derive a qualitative secu-rity assessment. The evaluation utilizes the Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) methodology,drawing from the OWASP REST Security Cheat Sheet to establish security requirementsand metrics. The findings reveal a moderate to high level of security compliance, and theresults provide insights into the effectiveness of quantitative security metrics and highlightareas for improvement in securing Open Banking authentication flows.Många finansiella system öppnades upp i samverkan som en direkt följd av den nya EU-lagstiftningen. Detta ledde till att många finansiella institutioner började använda sig av API:er för kommunikation av viktig data och för att utföra transaktioner. Denna rapport syftar till att undersöka en sådan implementering. Denna rapport undersöker implementeringen av en API gateway för att validera och underlätta åtkomst till Autentiseringsflöden för en bankverksamhet, med fokus på säkerhetsrelaterade utmaningar. Studien utvärderar implementationen som är tillgänglig genom en API gateway. Genom att använda kvantitativa säkerhetsmått strävar rapporten efter att härleda en kvalitativ säkerhetsbedömning. Utvärderingen använder Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) -metodiken och tar inspiration från OWASP REST Security Cheat Sheet för att fastställa säkerhetskrav och dess mått. Resultaten visar en måttlig till hög säkerhetsnivå, och resultaten ger insikter om effektiviteten av kvantitativa säkerhetsmått och belyser områden för förbättringar i säkerheten kring Autentiseringsflöden för Open Banking