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Interplay between transforming growth factor-β and Nur77 in dual regulations of inhibitor of differentiation 1 for colonic tumorigenesis
No full text细胞核受体Nur77和转化生长因子β（TGFβ）同结肠癌的发生发展密切相关。尽管目前学界对它们在结肠癌中的功能和作用机制有一定的认知，但仍有诸多问题有待解决。厦大药学院周虎教授团队发现，在结肠癌发生发展过程中，Nur77和TGFβ信号之间存在双重交互作用，这种交互作用产生了对分化抑制因子ID1的双层、双向的调节作用，进而调节结肠癌的发生发展。
此研究工作依托福建省药物新靶点研究重点实验室和厦门大学高通量药物筛选平台，由厦门大学药学院和香港中文大学生物医学学院共同完成，其中厦门大学为第一完成单位。周虎教授为文章的通讯作者，药学院博士研究生牛播宁为第一作者，博士研究生刘洁是第二作者。同时香港中文大学生物医学研究院的蒋晓华教授和林佳城博士也为研究做成了重要贡献。【Abstract】The paradoxical roles of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling and nuclear receptor
Nur77 in colon cancer development are known but the underlying mechanisms remain
obscure. Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) is a target gene of TGFβ and a key promoter for
colon cancer progression. Here, we show that Nur77 enhances TGFβ/Smad3-induced ID1
mRNA expression through hindering Smurf2-mediated Smad3 mono-ubiquitylation, resulting
in ID1 upregulation. In the absence of TGFβ, however, Nur77 destabilizes ID1 protein by
promoting Smurf2-mediated ID1 poly-ubiquitylation, resulting in ID1 downregulation. Interestingly, TGFβ stabilizes ID1 protein by switching Nur77 interaction partners to inhibit ID1
ubiquitylation. This also endows TGFβ with an active pro-tumorigenic action in Smad4-
deficient colon cancers. Thus, TGFβ converts Nur77’s role from destabilizing ID1 protein and
cancer inhibition to inducing ID1 mRNA expression and cancer promotion, which is highly
relevant to colon cancer stemness, metastasis and oxaliplatin resistance. Our data therefore
define the integrated duality of Nur77 and TGFβ signaling in regulating ID1 expression and
provide mechanistic insights into the paradoxical roles of TGFβ and Nur77 in colon cancer
progression.We thank Prof. Dieter A. Wolf (Xiamen University) for the assistance of manuscript writing, Prof. Ye-guang Chen (Tsinghua University) for kindly providing the CAGA-luciferase reporter, ca-TβRI, and original Smads plasmids, Prof. Yunbin Ye (Fujian Cancer Hospital) for kindly providing the GFP-ID1 expression plasmid, and Prof. Hongrui Wang (Xiamen University) for kindly providing the Smurf2C716A expression plasmid, and tumor pathologist Huamei Tang (Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University) for analyzing tumor tissues. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070779, 31770811, 31471318, 31271453, 91129302, and 81301888), the Regional Demonstration of Marine Economy Innovative Development Project (16PYY007SF17), and the Fujian Provincial Science & Technology Department (2017YZ0002-1).
该项目研究得到了周虎教授主持的国家自然科学基金面上项目（32070779）等基金的支持
The Origin of Roman Law,Hiatorical Evolution and Application of the Mingling System Stipulated in the Civil Code of China
No full text徐国栋，厦门大学法学院罗马法研究所特聘教授、博士生导师，法学博士。【中文摘要】混合制度来源于罗马法。它区分合意混合和非合意混合,前者如种类物的混合保管、混合运输,后者如侵权甚至盗窃行为引起的分属两人的固体物或液体物的混合。盖尤斯及其所属的萨宾派更注意合意混合在商法中的积极作用,彭波尼及其所属的普罗库鲁斯派则更注意非合意混合的破坏作用。中世纪，注释法学家把混合与加工、附合一并考虑，统称为人工添附，这样的安排影响了包括我国《民法典》在内的诸多民法典。各国民法典都在所有权取得方式的框架内规定非意定混合，把存在于同一民法典中的为数不少的意定混合视为不同的制度。我国《民法典》第 322条本身对混合问题无行为规范意义，而是援引条外规范解决问题。其作为裁判规范，为法官处理非意定混合提供了保护无过错当事人的指引意见，具体的方法是提供了决定混合成果归属的权，同时又以绿色原则限制了无过错当事人的决定权。
【Abstract】The system of commingling is derived from Roman law. It distinguishes between consensual commingling and non-consensual commingling. The former is the mixed storage and transportation of kinds of objects，while the latter is the mixing of solid or liquid objects belonging to two persons caused by infringement or even theft. Gaius and his Sabinian school pay more attention to the positive effect of consensual mixing in commercial law，while Pomponius and his Proculu sian school devote greater attention to the destructive effect of non- consensual commingling. In the Middle Ages，commentators considered confusion，specification and adjunction together，collectively referred to as artificial accesses ion. This arrangement affected many civil codes including the CM Code of China. Unfortunately，the civil codes of various countries stipulate non- consensual commingling within the framework of the method of ownership acquisition，and regard the many consensual commingling existing in the same civil code as different systems. Article 322 of the CM Code o China itself is not an act norm regarding commingling issues，and invokes the norms outside the Code to solve the problem. However，as a criterion for judging，it provides guidance for judges to deal with non-consensual commingling to protect non-faulty parties. Specifically，it provides them with the right to determine the attribution of mixed results，and at the same time restricts the right of decision-making for non-fault parties with the Green Principle
Preparation and Electrochemical Evaluation of MoS2/Graphene Quantum Dots as a Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution in Microbial Electrolysis Cell
No full text通过水热法合成了一系列MoS2/GQDs复合材料,并制成碳基复合电极。利用电化学测试手段挑选出最佳电极后用于微生物电解池（MEC）阴极的产氢性能研究。实验结果显示： Na2MoO4、半胱氨酸和GQDs的最佳原料配比为375:600:1,制备出的MoS2/GQDs呈现明显的爆米花样纳米片结构,片层厚度在10 nm左右,当碳纸负载量为1.5 mg·cm-2时,MoS2/GQDs碳纸电极的析氢催化能力最佳。在MEC产氢实验中,MoS2/GQDs阴极MEC的产气量、氢气产率、库仑效率、整体氢气回收率、阴极氢气回收率、电能回收率和整体能量回收率分别为51.15±3.15 mL·cycle-1、0.401±0.032 m3H2·m3d-1、91.16±0.054%、66.64±5.39%、72.44±2.60%、217.26±7.42%和77.37±1.50%,均略高于Pt/C阴极MEC或与之媲美。另外,MoS2/GQDs具有良好的长期稳定性,且价格便宜,有利于实际应用。Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is a relatively new bioelectrochemical technology that produces H2 and meanwhile treats organic wastewater. Cathode hydrogen evolution catalyst plays a key role in MEC. The doping of Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) into MoS2 nanosheets can improve the catalytic activity of MoS2 by creating abundant defect sites both in the edge plane and the basal plane, as well as enhancing the electrical conductivity. In this paper, using Na2MoO4 , cysteine and GQDs as raw materials, a series of MoS2/GQDs composites were firstly synthesized via hydrothermal method, and then loaded on the carbon-based electrode. The optimal electrode was selected by electrochemical testing methods and used as a cathode of MEC to research the hydrogen production capacity. SEM image showed that the MoS2/GQDs composite exhibited a popcorn-like nanosheet structure and the thickness of each nanosheet was about 10 nm. The specific surface area of MoS2/GQDS composite reached 67.155 m2·g-1, which was 16 times of the specific surface area of MoS2 (4.197 m2·g-1). TEM image showed that some lattice fringes representing GQDs were intermixed with lattice fringes representing MoS2, which indicated that GQDs were well embedded in MoS2 . EDS results showed that the MoS2/GQDS composite contained Mo, S, C and O, and the atomic ratio of Mo: S: C: O = 1:2.5:1.9:1.2, indicating that the majority of Mo and S in the composite existed in the form of MoS2, while a part of S existed in the form of SOx. The LSV data of MoS2/GQDs carbon paper electrode showed that the synthesized MoS2/GQDs composite (2#) had the best catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution when the raw material ratio of Na2MoO4, cysteine and GQDs was 375:600:1 with the optimum load of 1.5 mg·cm-2. The Tafel slope of MoS2/GQDs electrode (2#, 1.5 mg·cm-2) was found to be 44.3 mV·dec-1, lower than that of pure MoS2 electrode, which indicated that the doping of GQDs into MoS2 nanosheets made the electron transport more efficiently and the interfacial resistance was significantly reduced. In the MEC tests, the maximum hydrogen current density of MoS2/GQDS cathode (2#, 1.5 mg·cm-2) MEC reached 14.70 ± 0.80 A·m-2, which was comparable to that of Pt/C cathode MEC (14.58 ± 0.92 A·m-2), indicating that MoS2/GQDS had a good catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. The gas production, hydrogen production rate, coulombic efficiency, hydrogen recovery efficiency, cathodic hydrogen recovery efficiency, electrical and overall energy recovery efficiencies of MoS2/GQDs cathode (2#, 1.5 mg·cm-2) MEC were, respectively, 51.15±3.15 mL·cycle-1, 0.40±0.032 m3H2·m-3d-1, 91.16±0.054%, 66.64±5.39%, 72.44±2.60%, 217.26±7.42% and 77.37±1.50%, which were slightly higher than or comparable to those of Pt/C cathode MEC. In addition, MoS2/GQDs enjoyed good stability and price advantage, which might promote the practical application of MECs.山西省高等学校科技创新计划项目(2019L1006);国家自然科学基金项目(51703151)通讯作者:代红艳E-mail:[email protected]:Hong-YanDaiE-mail:[email protected].太原学院材料与化学工程系,山西 太原 0300322.太原理工大学化学化工学院,山西 太原 0300243.太原师范学院化学系,山西 太原 0300311. Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan College, Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi, China2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China3. Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, Chin
The Early Literary Creations of Mao Dun and Feminism
No full text杨联芬,中国人民大学杰出学者特聘教授、博士生导师，文学博士。【中文摘要】茅盾是中国首位翻译“Feminism”并使之获得中文命名的作家,女性主义观念在其早期妇女问题论述与文学创作中的影响，集中在对两性关系与道德的关注与讨论上。他推崇妇女主体意识，赞美女性气质，致力于建构平等的两性关系。他以解放的身体塑造“解放的妇女”，体现了女性主义的身体政治学，颠覆了传统性别权力关系，解构了男权中心的道德秩序。由于女性主义精神的灌注，他的早期小说在“都市革命”与“文学形象”两方面，都作出了超越性贡献。
【Abstract】Mao Dun was the first Chinese writer to translate the term “feminism，，and name it in Chinese. The influence of feminism in his early discourse on women's issues and literary creations focused on the discussion of gender relations and morality. He highly rated female subjective consciousness，praised femininity，and devoted himself to the construction of equal gender relationship. He created “liberated women” with liberated bodies，which demonstrated the feminist body politics， in order to upset the traditional gender power and deconstruct the moral order of patriarchy. The early novels of Mao Dun made transcendent contributions in both “revolution” and “literature” in virtue of the infusion of the feminist spirit.国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“百年中国文学女性形象谱系与现代中华文化建构整体研究” (19ZDA276
On Judith Shklar's “Gift of Literature for Political Theory”
No full text李晓林,厦门大学人文学院教授，文学博士。【中文摘要】在当今美国政治哲学领域,有一批学者从“恶”的角度拓展了自由主义理论，哈佛大学政治学教授施克莱就是其中一位。施克莱“平常的恶”与阿伦特“平庸之恶”着眼点都是“恶”之“寻常”而非康德在形而上学意义上的“根本恶”。施克莱基于“残酷为首恶”的“恐惧的自由主义” 思想对于后现代哲学家罗蒂产生深刻影响,使他认同施克莱对于自由主义的界定即以残酷为最坏的行为;施克莱对于文学之于政治理论贡献的思考，启发罗蒂提出“放弃理论,转向叙事”。
【Abstract】In the field of American political philosophy today，a group of scholars have expanded the theory of liberalism from the perspective of “evil”. Judith Shklar，a professor of political science at Harvard University，is one of them. Both Shklar's “ordinary vices” and Hannah Arendt's “ banality of evil” focus on the “ common” of “evil” rather than Kants “radical evil” in the metaphysical sense. Judith Shklar's “liberalism of fear”，based on “putting cruelty first”， had a profound impact on postmodern philosopher Rorty，compelling him to agree with her definition of liberalism，that is， cruelty is the worst behavior. Shklar‘s reflection on the contribution of literature to political theory inspired Rorty to propose “turn against theory and toward narrative”.国家社会科学基金一般项目“西方马克思主义审美乌托邦研究”（18BWW014
Asymmetric benzylic C(sp3)−H acylation via dual nickel and photoredox catalysis
No full textThis work is dedicated to 100th anniversary of Xiamen University and its Chemistry.手性α-芳基酮，是一个非常重要的药效官能团，广泛存在于药物分子中，虽然含有α-季碳手性中心的芳基酮的不对称合成已经有较多报道，但是相应的具有α-叔碳手性中心的芳基酮的高效不对称合成依然极具挑战性，因为相对活泼的叔碳手性中心很容易发生外消旋化。霍浩华教授课题组在前期工作的基础上（JACS, 2020, 142, 19058.），经过一系列探索，成功将“溴自由基介导的C-H活化策略”由α-氨基sp3 C-H键拓展至苄位sp3 C-H键，在镍和光的协同催化下，实现了首例不对称苄位C(sp3)-H的酰基化反应。该研究工作在霍浩华教授指导下完成，博士研究生环磊桃和束晓敏为该论文的共同第一作者，博士研究生祖维赛和硕士研究生钟德参与了部分研究工作。Asymmetric C(sp3)−H functionalization is a persistent challenge in organic synthesis. Here,
we report an asymmetric benzylic C−H acylation of alkylarenes employing carboxylic acids
as acyl surrogates for the synthesis of α-aryl ketones via nickel and photoredox dual catalysis.
This mild yet straightforward protocol transforms a diverse array of feedstock carboxylic
acids and simple alkyl benzenes into highly valuable α-aryl ketones with high enantioselectivities. The utility of this method is showcased in the gram-scale synthesis and late-stage
modification of medicinally relevant molecules. Mechanistic studies suggest a photocatalytically generated bromine radical can perform benzylic C−H cleavage to activate
alkylarenes as nucleophilic coupling partners which can then engage in a nickel-catalyzed
asymmetric acyl cross-coupling reaction. This bromine-radical-mediated C−H activation
strategy can be also applied to the enantioselective coupling of alkylarenes with chloroformate for the synthesis of chiral α-aryl esters.We are grateful for financial support from the NSFC (22071203) and the Xiamen University. We thank professor Hai-Chao Xu (Xiamen University) for assistance and helpful discussions. We acknowledge Wesley Harrison (UIUC) for manuscript revision.研究工作得到了国家高层次青年人才项目、厦门大学南强A计划、国家自然科学基金委项目（No. 22071203）的资助
Application of Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 Anode in Rural Drinking Water Disinfection
No full text采用热分解法制备了一种新型高效析氯阳极Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5,将其应用于农村饮用水消毒频繁停开、低电解液浓度的特殊工况下,并与Ti/RuO2-SnO2-Sb2O5、Ti/RuO2-TiO2、Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2三种析氯阳极进行性能对比。通过SEM、EDS、XRD等方法表征测试阳极表面形貌、元素及组成,考察了氯化钠浓度、电流密度、停开频率对阳极析氯效果和寿命的影响。研究发现,Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5阳极活性强、稳定性高;阳极涂层各组分高度融合为固溶体,结构致密,稳定性强;在15 g·L-1 NaCl、400 A·m-2电流密度、20℃条件下,Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5阳极电解的电流效率达到91.55%;频繁停开、强化电解条件下寿命达到231 h,是Ti/RuO2-TiO2阳极的77倍,预估在400 A·m-2电流密度下能够使用20年。Sodium hypochlorite disinfection has many advantages, including reliable operation, low cost, easily available raw materials. It is, therefore, suitable for disinfection of drinking water in remote rural areas. The service life and chlorine evolution efficiency of the anode are the main factors restricting the performance of the sodium hypochlorite generator. The special conditions of frequent shutdown and low electrolyte concentration in the rural drinking water application also put forward high requirements on the performance of the anode. In this study, Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5,a new-type and efficient chlorine evolution anode, was prepared by thermal decomposition method and further applied to disinfection of drinking water in rural areas. Comparison was also made between this anode with Ti/RuO2-SnO2-Sb2O5, Ti/RuO2-TiO2 and Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2 anodes. The surface morphology, elements and composition of the anodes were examined by SEM, EDS and XRD. The effects of sodium chloride concentration, current density and shutdown frequency on chlorine evolution efficiency and lifetime of the anodes were also investigated. It was found that the Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 electrode exhibited strong activity and high stability, and its coating components were highly fused into a solid solution with dense structure and great stability. The current efficiency of Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 anode reached 91.55% in 15 g·L-1 NaCl solution at 400 A·m-2 and 20℃. In the enhanced electrolysis lifetime experiment, the service lifetime of Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 anode reached 231 h, which was 77 times longer than that of Ti/RuO2-TiO2 anode. It was estimated that the Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 anode could be used for 20 years under the current density of 400 A·m-2. Therefore, compared with the traditional electrode materials, Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 achieved higher chlorine evolution efficiency and stability. It could be used for a long time in the condition of frequent shutdown and low electrolyte concentration. Besides, it could greatly reduce the equipment operation cost, the raw material feeding frequency and the impurities introduction. Thus, the Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 anode developed in this studymight be suitable for rural drinking water disinfection application.国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0408800)通讯作者:陈雪明E-mail:[email protected]:Xue-MingChenE-mail:[email protected]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江 杭州 310058College of Environmental & Resource Sciences of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Chin
The Generative Logic and Optimization Path of Academic Committees in Chinese Universities
No full text王洪才，厦门大学高等教育发展研究中心教授、博士生导师，教育学博士；毛芳才，厦门大学高等教育发展研究中心博士研究生。【中文摘要】双一流”建设要求高校必须加强学术委员会建设,从而实现有效的学术治理。学术委员会建设是一个从观念到行动的过程。首先要突破传统观念误区，避免将学术权力专属化;其次要建立明确的功能定位，避免出现职责不清状况;再次要建立明细的运行规则，切实规范学术权力运行;最后要善于处理与其他权力的关系，避免回复到传统的行政主导老路上。作为一个新型权力机构,学术委员会建设的突破点在于细化运行规则,有效地规范权力的运行，与其他机构形成协调共治的状态。学术决策权的行使是学术委员会建设的根本价值所在，有效行使学术决策权的关键在于功能定位切合实际，而基点在于建立明细的议事规则。
【Abstract】To build “Double First-Class Universities” in China requires that universities perform effective academic governance and accentuate the status of academic committees as the highest academic authority in universities. To build academic committees，firstly，it is crucial to eliminate misconceptions and avoid the exclusivity of academic power;secondly，it is critical to establish a clear functional orientation to avoid unclear responsibilities ； thirdly，it is vital to create detailed operating rules to regulate academic power； and finally，it is important to properly handle the relationship with other types of power and avoid reverting to the traditional administration-dominated logic. The breakthrough point of the building of academic committee as a new type of institution is to refine their operating rules，effectively regulate the exercise of power，and achieve coordination and co-governance with other institutions.Academic decision-making power is the fundamental value of academic committees. The key to the effective exercise of academic decision- making power rests with the alignment of function with reality，and the basic point lies in the establishment of detailed procedural rules.教育部人文社会科学重点基地重大项目“中国特色的大学内部治理结构与质量保障机制建设研究”(18JJD880005
Cultural Interpretation of Xiamen University Campus and Site Selection:In Commemoration of the Centenary of Xiamen University
No full text邬大光，厦门大学教育研究院教授、博士生导师。【中文摘要】厦门大学在我国近代高等教育史上有着特殊地位，她是我国第一所由华侨创办的大学，拥有独树一帜的“校主文化”和“校园文化”在厦大迎来百年华诞之际,挖掘其校园选址的文化底蕴,对解读我国百年高等教育发展史和建设世界一流大学具有特殊意义。大学之美,在于她的精神和文化;厦大之美，在于她的自然风光和校园选址,更在于她的校园选址的背后文化。而这一切，在其办学和校园选址之初就已经埋下了伏笔。厦大校园中的一花一草、一石一木、一砖一瓦都蕴藏着“嘉庚基因”的“文化编码”。
【Abstract】Xiamen University ( XMU) occupies a special position in the history of modern higher education in China. As the first university founded by overseas Chinese，XMU boasts a unique “Tan Kah Kee culture” and “campus culture”. As XMU celebrates its centenary，exploring the cultural heritage of its site selection is of special significance for interpreting the history of higher education in China and building a world-class university. The beauty of a university lies in her spirit and culture，while XMU's beauty lies in her natural scenery and campus location，and more importantly，in the culture behind her campus location. All of this laid the groundwork in XMU's early days and site selection. Everything on the XMU campus-be it the greenery or architecture-contains the “cultural code” of the “Tan Kah Kee gene”
Revival of an Old Industrial City: Lowell's Postindustrial Transformation
No full text韩宇，厦门大学历史系教授,历史学博士。【中文摘要】去工业化导致发达国家老工业城市人口普遍持续下滑，然而,洛厄尔经过多年的转型,人口数量已经与巅峰时期基本持平。产业结构多元化是洛厄尔转型的基本特征。多元化体现在从单一的制造业一统天下到高技术产业和服务业两翼齐飞,也体现在具体产业部门的多元化发展。洛厄尔的服务业转型过程创造性利用了工业遗产，说明工业遗产可以成为老工业城市重振经济的宝贵资源。洛厄尔的成功转型展示了中小型老工业城市的再生之路。
【Abstract】Deindustrialization has caused a steady population decline in most of the older industrial cities in developed countries. However，Lowell has undergone years of transformation，and its population is now essentially the same as it was at its peak in the 1920s. Diversification of the industrial structure is a fundamental feature of Lowell's transformation. Diversification is reflected in the transformation from a single monolithic manufacturing sector to high - technology and service industries，as well as in the diversification of specific industrial sectors. The creative use of industrial heritage in Lowell's service sector transformation shows that industrial heritage can be a valuable resource for revitalizing the economy of older industrial cities. Lowell's successful transformation exemplifies the path of regeneration for small and medium 一 sized older industrial cities.福建省社会科学规划基础研究年度项目“多中心城市区域兰斯塔德与洛杉矶地区比较研究” (FJ2017B058