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帝国视阈与殖民主义电影中的地方和江南风景
No full text逄增玉，中国传媒大学人文学院教授、博士生导师，文学博士。【中文摘要】东北沦陷时期由日本殖民者和伪满当局建立的文化侵略机构“满映”独自或与日本本土电影公司合作，拍摄了大量宣传殖民主义“国策”毒素的电影。其中有若干影片通过日本男性 征服中国女性的所谓浪漫爱情故事，把帝国主义侵略者美化为带领亚洲国家和人民走向“东亚共荣”的“解放者”与领导者。所谓“解放”或异国之恋的发生地域和背景，涵盖了从沦陷的东北、华北到江南各地，特别是苏州的背景、风景及风物一再出现。这些地方风景风物的历史自然意义被殖民化的电影叙事征用和符号化，套叠和转化为遮蔽殖民帝国的“国策”宣传、为侵略美化和“脱罪”的“温柔”叙事，透露和暗藏着殖民主义电影在地方风景风物等“象征资源”和表意符号中渗透的文化帝国主义视阈、叙事装置和方式，以及法西斯主义电影美学的症候。
【Abstract】During the Japanese occupation of Northeast China，a large number of films were produced， either independently or collaboratively by institutions tasked with cultural invasion. These institutions were established by Japanese colonizers and the puppet Manchuria government to propagandize the toxic “national policy” of colonialism. By telling the so-called romantic love tales of Japanese men conquering Chinese women，several films purposefully portray imperial invaders as “liberators” and leaders who guided Asian countries and people towards “East Asia Co-prosperity”.The origins as well as the backgrounds of the so-called “liberation” and the exotic love tales covers various regions，from the occupied Northeast to North China and to all places south of the Yangtze River；in particular，their sceneries and local customs repeatedly appeared in the films. The historical and natural meaning of these sceneries and local customs was narrated and symbolized in a forceful manner；they were manipulated into the “tender” narration that beautifies and glosses over the propaganda of the “national policy” of imperial colonization. These manipulations simultaneously reveal and conceal the perspective and the narrative strategies of cultural imperialism and fascist aesthetics.中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“唤醒中国与百年文学主潮及叙事
A Study of the Malayan Chinese Anti-Japanese Film Movement of 1939
No full text李晓红，厦门大学人文学院中文系教授、博士生导师；杨俊芳，厦门大学人文学院中文系博士研究生。【中文摘要】抗战爆发后,为了配合抗战筹赈活动，马来亚华侨开展了一系列文化救亡运动，其中1939年的“马华抗战电影运动”起到十分重要的作用。该运动以支援祖国抗日为出发点兼顾扫除落后电影、崇尚进步抗战电影的任务，实现对马来亚电影市场上中国电影的肃清与整顿。在复杂的政治文化背景交融与助推下,这场电影运动也产生了更为深远的意义:该运动最大范围、最大限度地发展了马华抗战统一战线，该运动确立符合马来亚华侨的抗战电影艺术特征为大众化、战斗性和政治性,华人华侨通过观看中国影片实现启蒙自我,参与救亡祖国。
【Abstract】 Following the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression，overseas Chinese in Malaya launched a series of cultural national salvation movements in conjunction with fundraising campaigns. Among these movements ，the Malayan Chinese Anti-Japanese Film Movement of 1939 played a vital role. Starting from supporting the motherlands anti-Japanese war，the movement was intended to eliminate backward films and advocating progressive anti-Japanese war films，and ultimately succeeded in purifying and rectifying Chinese films in the Malayan cinematic market. With the fusion and stimulus of the complex political and cultural backgrounds，this film movement produced a far-reaching impact. It developed the United Front of the Malayan Chinese Anti-Japanese War to the maximum extent ；furthermore，it established the artistic features of anti-Japanese war films that suited overseas Chinese in Malaya as popular，combative and political. By watching Chinese films，overseas Chinese received enlightenment and became involved in national salvation
Electrochemiluminescence Imaging Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Single Platinum Nanoparticles Using a Bipolar Nanoelectrode Array
Full text link本文制备了嵌于多孔阳极氧化铝（AAO）膜中直径为200 nm,间距为450 nm的高密度（5.7 × 108 cm-2）的金纳米电极阵列,纳米电极分布规则,尺寸高度均一。我们将该金纳米电极阵列作为双极电极阵列,可将电极一侧的电化学法拉第信号在另一侧电极上转化成电致化学发光（ECL）信号,从而实现对单个铂纳米颗粒上氢气析出反应（HER）进行亚微米空间分辨率的电化学成像。本文介绍的方法为高空间分辨率成像电催化材料、能源材料以及细胞过程的局部电化学活性提供了一个良好的平台。A high-density (5.7 × 108 cm-2) nanoelectrode array with the electrode diameter of 200 nm and the interelectrode distance of 450 nm were fabricated. The nanoelectrode array consisted of gold nanowires embedded in a porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) matrix, having regular nanoelectrode distribution and highly uniform nanoelectrode size. The gold nanoelectrode array was used as a closed bipolar nanoelectrode array combined with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method to map the electrocatalytic activity of platinum nanoparticles toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by modifying the catalysts on single nanoelectrodes. Results show that HER on single bipolar nanoelectrodes could be imaged with the sub-micrometer spatial resolution. The present approach offers a platform to image local electrochemical activity of electrocatalytic materials, energy materials and cellular processes with high spatial resolution.通讯作者:夏兴华E-mail:[email protected]:Xing-HuaXiaE-mail:[email protected]生命分析化学国家重点实验室,南京大学化学化工学院,江苏 南京State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Chin
Influence of Resveratrol on Performance of Long-Term Storage’s Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte
Full text link锂离子电池电解液从制造完成到使用,一般都会经历灌装、运输和贮存的过程,了解长期贮存过程对锂离子电池电解液性能的影响,对锂离子电池的生产具有一定的理论指导意义。本文运用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试并结合循环伏安法(CV)测试、充放电测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等研究了1 mol·L-1 LiPF6-EC:EMC基础电解液中添加不同浓度白藜芦醇(RES)时,在长期贮存过程中对石墨电极性能的影响及机制。研究结果表明,新鲜的基础电解液在经历6个月的贮存后,石墨电极在其中无论是可逆循环容量还是循环稳定性(容量保持率)均出现大幅度的下降。这主要是由于在经历6个月贮存后的基础电解液中,石墨电极表面形成的 SEI 膜较厚,进而导致锂离子嵌入过程的不稳定造成的。在基础电解液中添加不同浓度的白藜芦醇均能有效抑制电解液长期贮存造成的石墨电极在其中电化学性能的下降,当基础电解液中含有200 ppm白藜芦醇经历6个月贮存后,石墨电极无论是可逆容量还是循环性能稳定性甚至优异于在新鲜的电解液中。Electrolyte of lithium-ion battery usually goes through processes of filling, transportation and storage from the completion of manufacture to the use. Understanding the influence of long-term storage process on performance of lithium-ion battery electrolyte is of theoretical significance for production of lithium-ion battery. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formed on the surface of the graphite electrode was thicker in the base electrolyte after 6 months of storage. The charge/discharge test results showed that the reversible cycle capacity and cycle stability (capacity retention rate) of graphite electrode decreased significantly after 6 months of storage. This might be due to the thicker SEI film formed on the surface of the graphite electrode, which in turn led to the instability of the lithium-ion intercalation process. When the base electrolyte containing 200 ppm resveratrol was stored for 6 months, the reversible capacity and cycle performance stability of the graphite electrode were even better than those in fresh base electrolyte. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) idicated that adding 200 ppm resveratrol to the base electrolyte could effectively suppress the decline in the electrochemical performance of the graphite electrode caused by long-term storage of the base electrolyte.国家自然科学基金项目(U1730136);中央高校基本科研业务费(2017XKQY062)通讯作者:庄全超E-mail:[email protected]:Quan-ChaoZhuangE-mail:[email protected]中国矿业大学材料与物理学院,江苏 徐州 221116Lithium ion battery lab, School of Materials & Physics, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, Chin
Subpolar North Atlantic Western Boundary Density Anomalies and the Meridional Overturning Circulation
No full text5月24日,《自然通讯》（Nature Communications ）在线刊登了厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室（MEL）、海洋与地球学院李非栗教授及合作者的研究成果，该研究基于北大西洋副极地翻转环流观测项目（Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program , OSNAP）最新观测数据，揭示高纬度海域西边界密度变化与翻转环流的变化特征及其关系。该研究的合作者来自以下机构（排名不分先后）：厦门大学，佐治亚理工学院，英国南安普顿国家海洋中心，伍兹霍尔海洋中心，苏格兰海洋科学协会，荷兰皇家海洋研究所，加拿大纽芬兰纪念大学，加拿大渔业与海洋部，加州大学圣地亚哥分校斯克里普斯海洋研究所，爱丁堡大学，迈阿密大学，德国基尔亥姆霍兹海洋研究所，布莱斯特大学，法国海洋开发研究院，中国海洋大学和青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室，法国国家科研中心，加拿大贝德福德海洋研究所。【Abstract】Changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which have the potential to drive societally-important climate impacts, have traditionally been linked to the strength of deep water formation in the subpolar North Atlantic. Yet there is neither clear observational evidence nor agreement among models about how changes in deep water formation influence overturning. Here, we use data from a trans-basin mooring array (OSNAP—Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) to show that winter convection during 2014–2018 in the interior basin had minimal impact on density changes in the deep western boundary currents in the subpolar basins. Contrary to previous modeling studies, we find no discernable relationship between western boundary changes and subpolar overturning variability over the observational time scales. Our results require a reconsideration of the notion of deep western boundary changes representing overturning characteristics, with implications for constraining the source of overturning variability within and downstream of the subpolar region.The authors thank Kevin Balem for processing the data from the French RREX moorings. Argo data are provided by USGODAE GDAC (https://nrlgodae1.nrlmry.navy.mil/; accessed on 5-March-2020). Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System (https://doi.org/10.17882/42182). We acknowledge funding from the Physical Oceanography Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE-1259398, OCE-1756231, OCE-1948335); the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) National Capability programs the Extended Ellett Line and CLASS (NE/R015953/1), and NERC grants UK-OSNAP (NE/K010875/1, NE/K010875/2, NE/K010700/1) and U.K. OSNAP Decade (NE/T00858X/1, NE/T008938/1). Additional support was received from the European Union 7th Framework Program (FP7 2007-2013) under grant 308299 (NACLIM), the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grants 727852 (Blue-Action), 862626 (EuroSea). We also acknowledge support from the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, the Surface Water and Ocean Topography-Canada (SWOT-C), Canadian Space Agency, the Aquatic Climate Change Adaptation Services Program (ACCASP), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, an Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant, and from the China’s national key research and development projects (2016YFA0601803), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41925025) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (201424001). Support for the 53°N array by the RACE program of the German Ministry BMBF is acknowledged, as is the contribution from Fisheries and Oceans Canada’s Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program
Recent Advances in Glycerol Electrooxidation on Pt and Pd: from Reaction Mechanisms to Catalytic Materials
No full text生物柴油工业的蓬勃发展带来大量副产品丙三醇(甘油),因此如何将甘油转化为高附加值产品具有重要的研究价值。在各种方法中, 电催化氧化由于其条件温和、环境友好和高效率而备受关注。然而,甘油的电氧化非常复杂,涉及许多反应途径和多个电子和质子转移过程,如何合理设计对目标产物具有高选择性的催化剂是很大的挑战。在本文中, 我们主要概述了铂和钯基催化剂上甘油电氧化研究的最新进展。我们首先总结了基于原位和在线谱学研究以及理论计算获得的影响其电催化活性和选择性的因素。然后,选择代表性文献来说明这些因素如何应用于研制高效甘油电氧化催化剂。最后,提出了未来研究中要解决的关键问题。The conversion of glycerol to value-added products has received considerable attention recently because the booming biodiesel industry produces a large amount of glycerol as a byproduct. Among various means, electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol is appealing owing to its environmental friendliness and high efficiency. However, electrooxidation of glycerol is very complex, involving multiple electron and proton transfer processes with many reaction pathways. How to rationally design catalysts with high selectivity toward targeted products is an overarching challenge, and of both fundamental and practical significance. In this minireview we aim to provide an overview of recent advancements in electrooxidation of glycerol focusing mainly on Pt- and Pd-based catalysts. We start with summarizing fundamental understandings of factors dictating catalytic activity and selectivity garnered fromin-situ and online spectrometric experimental studies as well as from theoretical works. We then use selective examples to demonstrate how these factors are manifested in the development of highly efficient glycerol electrooxidation catalysts. Finally, we summarize the key issues to be addressed in future studies.通讯作者:邹受忠,蔡文斌E-mail:[email protected];[email protected]:Shou-ZhongZou,Wen-BinCaiE-mail:[email protected];[email protected].复旦大学化学系,能源材料化学协同创新中心,上海市分子催化与功能材料表面重点实验室,上海200433,中国2.美利坚大学化学系,华盛顿,哥伦比亚特区 20016,美国1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China2. Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, District of Columbia 20016, United State
Macroeconomic Forecasts for China in 2021—2022
No full text王燕武，厦门大学宏观经济研究中心副教授；吴华坤，中国人民银行厦门中心支行经济师，经济学博士 ；龚敏,厦门大学宏观经济研 究中心教授；林致远，厦门大学宏观经济研究中心教授。【中文摘要】2021年,随着全球范围内新冠肺炎疫情冲击效应的逐步减弱,中国经济修复进程有望提速。基于中国季度宏观经济模型，对2021—2022年八个季度中国宏观经济主要指标进行预测。结果显示，中国经济预计将呈现“反弹-趋稳”的态势。在双循环新发展格局下，如何激发居民消费无疑是中心课题。针对增加公共消费能否引致居民消费的政策模拟显示,在财政支出总量不变的情况下，尽管政府公共消费的增加可以提高最终消费在GDP中的比重，但对居民消费产生挤出效应。其次，提高居民收人的方式要优于增加政府公共消费。因此，激发居民消费的根本途径在于提高居民收入，而不是将工作重点放在改善消费环境或增加政府公共消费上。
【Abstract】 In 2021，with the gradual weakening of the impact of COVID-19 worldwide， China's economic repair
process is expected to accelerate.Based on the quarterly macroeconomic model of China，the main indicators of China's macroeconomy in the eight quarters of 2021 -2022 are forecast. The results show that China's economy is expected to show a trend of “rebounding and stabilizing”，during which periodic inflow and outflow of overseas orders will cause certain seasonal fluctuations. Under the new pattern of double cycle development， how to stimulate residents’ coosumption is undoubtedly the central issue. The policy simulation of whether increasing public consumption can lead to household consumption shows that，under the condition of constant total fiscal expenditure， although the increase of government public consumption can increase the proportion of final consumption in GDP，it has a crowding-out effect on household consumption. Second，the way to raise household income is better than increasing public spending.Therefore，in the context of the current weak growth of consumption，especially household consumption，the fundamental way to stimulate household consumption is to increase household income，rather than focus on improving the consumption environment or increasing government public consumption.国家社会科学基金一般项目“经济特征变化下的中国减税降费政策组合研究”（20BJY231);教育部重点研究基地重大项目“中国季度宏观经济模型（CQMM)的再拓展”（17JJD790014);教育部重点研究基地重大项目“深化财税体制改革与促进中国经济平穗增长”（18JJD790007)；教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“供给侧结构改革的理论基础与政策思路研究”（16JZD016
Preparation and Characterization of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Based Polymer Electrolyte
No full text采用非溶剂诱导相转化法（NIPS）制备了热塑性聚氨酯/醋酸纤维素（TPU/CA）新型聚合物隔膜。然后,将隔膜浸入液体电解质中得到TPU/CA凝胶聚合物电解质（GPEs）。研究TPU与CA的质量比对GPEs性能的影响。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、热重（TG）、差示扫描量热（DSC）、线性扫描伏安（LSV）、电化学阻抗（EIS）等对TPU/CA膜进行表征。结果表明,在共混隔膜中引入CA可以降低TPU的结晶度,增加隔膜的吸液率。其中,室温下TPU/CA = 7/3基电解质的离子电导率为1.04 mS·cm-1,电化学窗口为5.1 V(vs. Li/Li+)。组装的电池LiFePO4/TPU/CA/Li在0.5 C循环100次后,仍具有较高的放电比容量和较好的容量保持率,具有良好的循环稳定性。这些结果表明,这种新型的TPU/CA共混GPEs是锂离子电池的理想选择。Electrolyte still has to be improved to satisfy the increasingly rigid demands of lithium ion batteries that have higher energy densities. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has two phase structures of soft segments and hard segments, which can guarantee the electrochemical and physical performances of electrolyte for lithium ion battery. It is now creatively applied to the gel polymer electrolyte matrix of lithium ion batteries. In this paper, a novel polymer membrane based on thermoplastic polyurethane/cellulose acetate (TPU/CA) was prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Further, the TPU/CA blending gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) was prepared by absorbing liquid electrolyte. The effects of CA contents on the physical and electrochemical properties of the polymer membranes were studied. The structures, morphologies and performances of the membranes with different ratios of CA to TPU were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the addition of CA to the blended polymer resulted in lower crystallinity of TPU and higher liquid uptake capability of electrolyte. The TPU/CA membrane possessed a large pore structure, but maintained sufficient mechanical strength. The decomposition temperature of TPU/CA samples with the weight loss of 5% was above 300℃, indicating good thermal stability of each sample. Among the TPU/CA blend electrolytes, the TPU/CA = 7/3 based electrolyte presented an ionic conductivity of 1.04 mS·cm-1 with electrochemical stability above 5.1 V (vs. Li/Li+) at room temperature. The lithium ion battery with the TPU/CA = 7/3 GPE also exhibited a higher charge-discharge capacity of 150.9 mAh·g-1 at 0.2 C, and a capacity retention rate of 95.7% at 0.5 C was confirmed after 100 cycles. All of these results demonstrate that this new TPU/CA blended gel polymer electrolyte is a promising candidate for lithium ion batteries.通讯作者:周莉E-mail:[email protected]:LiZhouE-mail:[email protected]安徽大学化学化工学院,安徽 合肥 230601Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, Chin
Study on Inhibition of Lithium Dendrite Growth by Mg(NO3)2 Additive in Carbonate Electrolyte
No full text在锂-硫化聚丙烯腈电池体系中,负极锂枝晶的形成和生长严重恶化了电池充放电性能,并给电池带来了安全隐患。而在更有利于稳定正极硫化聚丙烯腈材料的碳酸酯类电解液中,锂枝晶生长尤为严重。本文通过将硝酸镁添加到碳酸酯类电解液中,研究硝酸根和镁离子对锂金属表面改性的共同作用。实验数据发现,在硝酸根和镁离子共同作用下,锂枝晶生长被有效抑制。当硝酸镁浓度为100 mmol·L-1时,锂铜半电池的库仑效率明显提高,并显著改善了锂-硫化聚丙烯腈电池的循环性能。300次循环后容量保持率为71%,远高于硝酸锂的61%和无添加剂的50%。In the lithium-sulfurized polyacrylonitrile battery system, the formation and growth of lithium dendrites in the negative electrode seriously deteriorate the charge and discharge performance of the battery. If the growth of lithium dendrites pierces the separator and causes thermal runaway, it will also bring serious damage to the battery, causing potential safety risks. In the carbonate electrolyte that is more conducive to stabilizing the positive electrode sulfurized polyacrylonitrile material, the growth of lithium dendrites is particularly serious. In this paper, magnesium nitrate was added to the carbonate electrolyte to investigate the combined effect of nitrate and magnesium ions on the surface modification of lithium metal. Studies have found that during the cycle, magnesium ions were reduced on the surface of the lithium negative electrode to form a lithium-magnesium alloy layer, which reduced excessive side reactions between the electrolyte and the negative electrode. The reduction of magnesium ions into magnesium metal could guide the uniform deposition of lithium ions and reduce the formation of lithium dendrites; at the same time, nitrate could form an SEI film with high ionic conductivity rich in nitrogen oxides with lithium ions, which could make lithium ions at the interface that conducts quickly at the location, and under the combined action of the two, the formation and growth of lithium dendrites were inhibited, and the cycle performance of the battery was improved. The experimental data showed that under the combined action of nitrate and magnesium ions, the growth of lithium dendrites was effectively inhibited. When the concentration of magnesium nitrate was 100 mmol·L-1, the coulombic efficiency of the lithium copper half-cell was significantly improved, and the cycle performance of lithium-sulfide polypropylene nitrile battery was also significantly enhanced. The capacity retention rate after 300 cycles was 71%, which was much higher than 61% of lithium nitrate and 50% without additives.通讯作者:陈康华E-mail:[email protected]:Kang-HuaChenE-mail:[email protected].中南大学粉末冶金研究院,湖南 长沙 4100832.轻质高强结构材料国防科技重点实验室,湖南 长沙 4100831. Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China2. Key Laboratory of Defense Science and Technology for Light Weight and High Strength Structural Materials, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Chin