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Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Integration of Nanoporous Gold with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Detection of Arsenic Ion(III)
No full text国家重点研发计划项目资助No(2016YFC0400704)通讯作者:常启刚Contact:CHANGQi-gang1. 石河子大学化学化工学院/新疆兵团化工绿色过程重点实验室,新疆 石河子 8320002. 华东理工大学生物反应工程重点实验室,上海,2002373. 新疆湘晟新材料科技有限公司,新疆 哈密 8390001. Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China2. State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China3. Xinjiang Xiangsheng New Material Technology Co., Ltd. Hami Xinjiang 839000, Chin
Marx's Dual Diagnosis of the “Machinery View” and the Human Liberation Dimension
No full text周露平，上海交通大学马克思主义学院副教授,哲学博士。【中文摘要】马克思的机器观与资产阶级的机器观有本质区别。马克思澄清了资本机器观的含 义,即它是资本社会关系强加给现代社会的一种意识形态,是“机器造福人类、解放人类”的虚假世 界观。马克思对资本机器观进行了双重诊断:一方面,就哲学性质而言,资本机器观是资本启蒙的 世界观，是现代私有财产或资本运动的必然产物，体现为一种资本控制社会的新模式。这种模式 以自动化模型的方式深嵌至社会领域，以意识形态形式建构起一整套世界观结构，完成了“机器- 权力的互动构型论”。另一方面,资本机器观需要通过经济学加以剖析，才能真正呈现出机器本身 不仅是一种物态的存在，还是负载着资本剥削合理性的特殊意识内容。马克思对机器观的双重诊 断表明,机器只是人类解放的一个物质环节，因此需要超越资本才能超越资本机器观。
【Abstract】 Marx's machinery view is fundamentally different from that of the bourgeoisie. Marx clarified the meaning of the machinery view，stating that it is an ideology imposed on modern society by capital society relations，and is a false worldview of “machines benefiting and liberating mankind.” Marx made dual diagnosis of capital machinery: First， in terms of philosophical characteristics， the machinery view is the worldview of capital enlightenment and is the essential product of modern private property and capital movement，serving as a new model of the control of society by capital. This model，in the way of an automatized model，is deeply embedded in society，and in the form of ideology，it constructs a set of worldviews and creates a “machinery-power interaction structure”. Second，the capitalist machinery view needs to be analyzed through economics to demonstrate that machines are not only material existence，but also are burdened with special mental content of reasonableness of capital exploitation. With the dual diagnosis of capital machinery，Marx concluded that machines are just a material part of human liberation. Therefore，capital must be surpassed to overtake the capitalist ma¬chinery view.国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“马克思思想的整体性论域与理论效应” (18FZX024)；江苏省社会科学基金项目“《资本论》第二手稿的理论地位与哲学思想”（18ZXB004
Primary Research Methodologies for the Financial History of the Song Dynasty and Reevaluation Thereof:With a Discussion of How to Establish an Academic System of Research on the Financial History of Ancient China
No full text黄纯艳，华东师范大学历史系教授、博士生导师，历史学博士；宋佳俪，上海师范大学历史系博士研究生。【中文摘要】宋代财政史研究已取得丰富的成果，出现“收、支、管、平”军事财政、地方财政、官民互动、GDP研究等多种方法和视角,对宋代财政作了多角度的整体研究,揭示了宋代财政史的多个面向。不同的分析框架既有其独到见解,也有其视角局限，仍可探索新的研究视角和阐释框架,补充以往研究不足，揭示宋代财政史新面向。对宋代财政史研究方法的检讨发现，可遵行以下原则推进中国古代财政史学术体系建设:对中国古代财政史具有普遍解释力；既能揭示中国古代财政史的演变轨迹，又能反映不同时期财政发展的时代特点；实现现代学科概念、方法与历史逻辑的交融统一。应以此为基础多元、深入地推进中国古代财政史学术体系和话语体系建设。
【Abstract】Research on the financial history of the Song Dynasty has yielded rich results，and numerous methodologies and perspectives have emerged，including “ revenue，expenditure，management，balance，” military finance，local finance， government-civilian interactions and GDP research，among others. The multi-angle and holistic research on finance in the Song Dynasty has revealed multiple facets of the financial history of the Song Dynasty. While the various analytical frameworks all present unique views，they are limited in perspective. New research angles and interpretive frameworks are yet to be explored to compensate the insufficiency of past research and to uncover new facets of the financial history of the Song Dynasty. Through the reevaluation of the research methodologies，we identify the basic principles to be followed when establishing an academic system for the financial history of ancient China: the universal explanatory power over the financial history in ancient China； the ability to uncover the evolutionary trajectory of the financial history of ancient China and to capture the characteristics of different periods and their financial development ； and the unity and fusion of concepts and methodologies of modern disciplines and historical logic. It is on this basis，and with diverse and in-depth development， that an academic system and a discourse system are to be established for the financial history of ancient China.国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代财政体制变革与地方治理模式演变研究”（17ZDA175
Knowledge Reconstruction of Higher Education Studies
No full text王建华，南京师范大学教育科学学院教授、博士生导师。【中文摘要】当前高等教育学的知识生产面临四重困境。一是方法论的冲突，二是价值取向的矛盾，三是话语体系的错位，四是技术环境的变迁。面对方法论的冲突，高等教育学的知识重建要避免“方法决定论”，根据研究的问题选择方法。面对价值取向的矛盾，高等教育学的知识重建要从当下的实践出发，对于具体的高等教育问题给出原理性的解释而不只是提供政策建议。面对话语体系的错位，高等教育学的知识重建需要从中国的高等教育实践出发，提炼出具有解释力的概念，并建构符合中国高等教育实际的理论体系。面对技术环境的变迁，高等教育学的知识重建应以知识的创新和创新知识的生产作为新的学科合法性基础，以推进智能社会中的高等教育革命。
【Abstract】At present，the knowledge production of higher education faces four dilemmas: the conflict in methodology， the contradiction in value orientation，the dislocation of the discourse system，and the change of the technological environment. In the face of the conflict in methodology，the knowledge reconstruction of higher education should avoid “methodology determinism” and choose methods on the basis of research problems. In the face of the contradiction in value orientation， it should start from the current practice and provide a theoretical explanation for specific higher education problems rather than just policy recommendations. In the face of the dislocation of the discourse system，it needs to start from the practice of China's higher education，distill the concept of explanatory power，and build a theoretical system in line with the reality of China's higher education. In the face of the change of the technological environment，it should take the innovation of knowledge and the production of innovative knowledge as the foundation of the legitimacy of new disciplines，and promote the revolution of higher education in the intelligent society.国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“新时代中国特色高等教育话语体系构建研究”（BHA180200
Laws of Internal and External Relations in Education:Emergence,Dialogues,Origin and Development
No full text李枭鹰，大连理工大学高等教育研究院教授、博士生导师，教育学博士。【中文摘要】2020年正值教育内外部关系规律提出40周年。借此之际，阐明教育内外部关系规律的提出背景、运用法则和适用范围，廓清教育内外部关系规律交流对话的议题、焦点、立场和观点，辨明教育内外部关系规律的理论源流，意义特殊而重大。这一方面有助于客观把握教育内外部关系规律的来龙去脉和系统论证教育内外部关系规律的科学性，另一方面有助于夯实中国高等教育学的理论根基、增进中国高等教育的理论自信、助推中国高等教育理论体系的构建。
【Abstract】This year marks the 40th anniversary of the proposition of the laws of internal and external relations in education. It is of special and important significance to expound the background，application rules and applicability scope of these laws，to clarify the topics，focuses，positions and viewpoints of their exchanges and dialogues，and to identify the origin and development of their theory. On the one hand，this is conducive to objectively grasping their ins and outs and systematically demonstrating their scientific nature. On the other hand，it helps consolidate the theoretical foundation，enhance theoretical confidence，and boost the construction of the theoretical system of Chinese higher education.教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“人学视域中大学教学管理制度人本化研究”(18YJA880046
Rhetoric,Context and Narrative Strategy:The Historical Tendency and Meaning Construction of the Narrative of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in New Immigrant Literature
No full text程国君，陕西师范大学文学院教授、博士生导师；刘雪娥，陕西师范大学文学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】近些年，新移民作家的抗战叙事常常用大量的史料人文，文本呈现出明显的“史料化”倾向。这种倾向是作家进入历史的一种可能途径和方式，也是新移民作家在跨文化书写语境中吸纳和融合多元文化的表征。其在营造真实的历史叙事质感、造就各具特色的创作风格的同时，也体现了新移民作家的叙事声音和价值立场。而且，这些史料的运用与新移民文学抗战叙事的意义生成也具有内在契合性——它使新移民文学抗战叙事更注重开掘个体生命受难和人性拷问的向度，突破了抗战叙事单一的国族话语立场，既呈现出可贵的创新魅力，也为海外华文文学叙事提供了颇多启示。
【Abstract】In recent years，new immigrant writers in the narrative of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression have incorporated a large quantity of historical materials into their writings，exhibiting an obvious “historical tendency” .This tendency is not only a feasible way for writers to enter into history，but also a symbol of the absorption and integration of diverse cultures by new immigrant writers in the context of cross - cultural writing. It not only creates true historical narrative quality and unique creative styles，but also embodies the narrative voice and value position of the new immigrant writers. Moreover，the use of these historical materials and the meaning generation of the narrative of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in the new immigrant literature also have inherent consistency.It prompts the narrative
of new immigrant literature to pay more attention to the dimension of individuals’life sufferings and human tortures. As a result， the narrative rises above the single national discourse position of the narrative of the War of Resistance of against Japanese Aggression，demonstrating valuable creativity and providing considerable enlightenment for overseas Chinese literary narration.国家社会科学基金一般项目“《美华文学》与北美新移民研究”（13ZBW134);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“新移民文学抗战叙事研究” (2017TS078
A Study of the Worle Bank's “Paying Taxes” Indicator System
No full text李成，厦门大学管理学院教授，经济学博士；施文泼，中国财政科学研究院副研究员，经济学博士。【中文摘要】纳税营商环境是营商环境体系的重要方面之一，是一个国家或者区域内企业生产经营过程中导致纳税遵从成本的各种税收制度的集中反映。世界银行所构建的纳税营商环境指标 体系是全世界普遍公认的客观评价标准之一，但在实践中也有局限性。该纳税营商环境指标体系所涉及的指标关注于纳税申报系统的优化、申报流程以及税制的简化、企业实际税收负担、退税事项以及税收争议处理，但未能关注到税收优惠、时间成本、各国国'清差异、中介市场发展程度、企业家自身素质差异等。同时，在世行的纳税评价指标体系下，各个指标对纳税排名的敏感性存在显著差异。当前我国正处于“减税降费改革”的关键时期，就纳税营商环境所面临的主要矛盾，可采取提升企业主税收意识、建立标准操作纳税时间模型、界定纳税服务半径以及创建具有国际话语权的评价体系等措施全面优化我国的纳税营商环境。
【Abstract】As one of the most important indicators of the ease of doing business，the “paying taxes” indicator aims at reflecting all types of tax systems that lead to tax compliance costs in the process of production and operation of enterprises in a country or region. The “paying taxes” indicator established by the World Bank is one of the generally accepted and objective evaluation criteria in the world，but it has limitations in practice. On the basis of comprehensive introduction and evaluation of this indicator，this paper puts forward some ideas to deal with the World Bank's assessment of the taxation business environment，and presents some concrete recommendations for optimizing the taxation business environment in China against the background of cutting taxes and administrative fees in China.国家自然科学基金面上项目“税收政策不确定性、企业税收风险控制与税收战略选择”（71772156
A Study of the Visualization of Comparative Literature from the Perspective of Digital Humanities
No full text冉从敬，武汉大学信息管理学院教授、博士生导师，管理学博士；何梦婷，武汉大学信息管理学院博士研究生；黄海瑛，武汉大学信息管理学院博士后研究人员，文学 博士。【中文摘要】随着大数据技术的不断扩展，数据技术与人文学科的深度交流催生数字人文的诞生。比较文学在长期发展中主要采用定性研究方法，较少使用定量方法。大数据技术支撑下，数字人文在比较文学中应用的可能1性已得到充分的验证，数据分析、可视化等方法的引入将为研究提供新的视角。鉴于此，可引入数字人文对比较文学领域展开研究，对研究主题、研究人员、研究机构、 研究成果进行分析，并以可视化方法展示结果。研究结果表明：比较文学领域研究主题呈现大致以文学翻译、现代主义、比较研究为三大核心领域扩展延伸;研究热点以比较文学这一主题为发轫，文本比评、互文性、民族主义、文学融合等系列新热点以时间线性方式逐步演化产生;领域作者之间关系紧密，具有明确的核心作者群;重要文献具有不断突破欧洲中心主义、侧重翻译与世界文学的特点；国际力量上，重镇仍在美国，同时波兰、罗马尼亚、斯洛伐克等新兴国家也发展迅速；国际合作上，美国、中国、巴西国际合作态势明显，新兴研究国家仍主要以国内作者合作为主。
【Abstract】With the continuous expansion of big data technology，the in-depth exchange of data technology and humanities has given birth to digital humanities. Comparative literature mainly uses qualitative research methods and rarely utilizes quantitative methods. The possibility of applying digital humanities in comparative literature has been fully verified， and the application of new methods will provide new perspectives for research.In view of this，digital humanities can be introduced to research in the field of comparative literature. The research results show that: the presentation of research topics in the field of comparative literature broadly extends from the three core areas，and a series of new hotspots，such as fusion， have gradually evolved in a linear manner over time; authors in the field are closely related and have a clear core author group ； the major documents are characterized by their focus on translation and world literature ； the U. S. has the strongest research capacity，and emerging countries，such as Poland， Romania and Slovakia，are also developing rapidly ； and the U.S.，China and Brazil exhibit obvious trends towards international cooperation，while emerging countries remain reliant on domestic author cooperation.国家社会科学基金重大项目“健全国家大数据主权的安全体系研究” (18VSJ034);教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“大数据资源的制度规制和国家治理研究”（17JJD870001
Single-Molecule Plasmonic Optical Trapping
Get PDF人们对于在常温常压条件下尤其是溶液环境中俘获或者操控微观粒子的追求从未停止，以期不断减少可操控的微观粒子的尺寸，最终实现单分子操控的目标。化学化工学院田中群教授和洪文晶教授团队合作，利用等离激元光学纳米间隙实现单分子的直接捕获与释放。该工作由化学化工学院田中群教授、洪文晶教授以及萨本栋微米纳米科学技术研究院杨扬副教授共同指导，由化学化工学院已毕业博士生战超提出思路并设计实验、与萨本栋微米纳米研究院已毕业硕士生王干共同完成主要实验工作，已毕业博士生易骏完成理论模拟工作。魏珺颖硕士、博士生李之豪、陈招斌高工和师佳副教授参与了部分研究和课题讨论。【Abstract】The volume of the object that can be manipulated in solution is continuously decreasing toward an ultimate goal of a single molecule. However, Brownian motions suppress the molecular trapping. To date, free-molecule trapping in solution has not been accomplished. Here, we develop a strategy to directly trap, investigate, and release single molecules (∼2 nm) in solution by using an adjustable plasmonic optical nanogap, which has been further applied for selective single-molecule trapping. Comprehensive experiments and theoretical simulations demonstrated that the trapping force originated from plasmonic nanomaterials. This technique opens an avenue to manipulate single molecules and other objects in the size range of primary interest for physics, chemistry, and life and material sciences without the limitations of strong bonding group, ultra-high vacuum, and ultra-low temperature, and makes possible controllable single-molecule manipulation and investigation as well as bottom-up construction of nanodevices and molecular machines.This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (21533006, 21621091, 21673195, 21973079, and 21722305), and the National Key R&D Program (2017YFA0204902, 2015CB932300). 该工作得到国家自然科学基金、国家重点研发计划课题的资助，以及固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持
A Model for the Anodic Carbonization of Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Get PDF碱性聚电解质燃料电池（APEFC）近年来取得了可观的进展,但是在使用空气作为氧化剂工作时仍然面临着性能损失. 文献中已有多个理论试图解释性能损失的来源,但是缺乏定量化的分析. 本文根据实验发现和热力学及阳极反应的动力学分析,提出了分层的阳极碳酸化模型和方程组.模型的定量化模拟结果进一步和实验结果进行验证,提出了电池性能损失的可能原因.The alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cell (APEFC) has made appreciable progress in recent years but is still suffering performance loss during discharge with air as the oxidant. Several theories have been suggested to interpret the loss. However, efforts are still needed to reach a clear quantitative understanding. Based on the major experimental findings in combination with thermodynamics and kinetics of the reactions involved in the anode, this paper presents a model featuring layered carbonization in the anode and relevant grouped equations. The simulation results generated from the latter are compared with experiments, and possible principles to suppress the performance loss are proposed.通讯作者:陆君涛,庄林E-mail:[email protected];[email protected]:LUJun-tao,ZHUANGLinE-mail:[email protected];[email protected]武汉大学化学与分子科学学院,湖北省化学电源重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430072College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources,Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Chin