173581 research outputs found
Sort by
Degradation and Thermal Characteristics of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/Graphite Lithium Ion Battery after Different State of Charge Ranges Cycling
No full text国家重点研发计划课题No(2018YFB0905300);国家重点研发计划课题No(2018YFB0905303);广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室基金资助No(E039030101);广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室基金资助No(Y909jh1)通讯作者:蒋方明E-mail:[email protected]:JIANGFang-mingE-mail:[email protected]. 中国科学院广州能源研究所,中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室,广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室,广东 广州 5106402. 直流输电技术国家重点实验室（南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司）,广东 广州 5100633. 中国南方电网有限责任公司,广东 广州 5100634. 上海动力储能电池系统工程技术有限公司,上海 2002415. 中国科学院大学,北京 1000491. Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China2. State Key Laboratory of HVDC, Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 5100633. China Southern Power Grid,Guangzhou 5100634. Shanghai Power& Energy Storage Battery System Engineering Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200241;5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10004
The Poetics of Rai Sanyō and Its Relationship to the Interactions between Chinese and Japanese Poetics
No full text钱志熙，北京大学中文系教授、博士生导师，长江学者特聘教授,文学博士。【中文摘要】赖山阳是日本江户后期代表性诗人,也是日本汉诗殿军式人物。从奈良时代到江户时代，日本汉诗一直受着中国诗歌的影响。日本古代学者江村绶认为这个影响的规律是,每一种中国古代的诗歌气运，大约一两百年后会传到日本。赖山阳的诗学,体现从崇尚复古向主张性灵的诗风的转变，对明清之际的各派有所调和。其具体的创作受到明清各家诗风的影响，其中如李梦阳、吴梅村、钱谦益、王渔洋、蒋士铨等家的影响都比较明显。但是他追求的目标仍在唐宋，对杜甫、韩愈、苏轼、陆游等家的诗风都有学习。他在诗歌艺术上达到很高的水平，近体绝律成就尤高。赖氏熟于经史，对中国和日本的历史都有所研究。其诗歌在内容上反映出典型的尊王思想。
【Abstract】 Rai San'yō( 1781-1832) was a representative poet of the late Edo period (1603-1868 ) and the last commendable poet of Japanese Kanshi. From the Nara period (710-784) to the Edo period，Japanese Kanshi fell under the influence of Chinese poetry. Japanese scholar Emura Hokkai (1713-1788) believed that there was a pattern regarding the impact of Chinese poetry on Japanese Kanshi，with each poetic genre transmitted to Japan one or two hundred years after its development in China. The poetics of Rai Sanyo displayed the transition of poetic style ： from venerating antiquity to advocating naturalness and sensitivity ；it also reconciled the conflicting opinions of various poetic schools in the Ming (13688-1644) and Qing (1636-1912). His composition was influenced by the different styles of many Ming and Qing poets，including Li Mengyang (1472-1529)， Wu Meicun (1609-1672)， Qian Qianyi (1582-1664)， Wang Yuyang (1634-1711) and Jiang Shiquan (1725-1785)，all of whom had a significant impact on him. Nevertheless，he still strived to achieve the same greatness as Tang and Song poetry，imitating the poetic styles of Du Fu (712-770)，Han Yu (768-824)， Su Shi (1037-1101) and Lu You (1125-1210)，among others. His poetry，especially his regulated verse，displayed brilliant literary skills. Rai Sanyo was well-versed in Chinese classics and history，having examined both Chinese and Chinese histories. His poetry reveals the typical notion of “venerating the king.
In-Situ Raman Spectroscopic Study of Electrochemical Reactions at Single Crystal Surfaces
No full text自20世纪70年代起，人们利用原位光谱技术（拉曼、红外等）对电化学界面进行了系统的研究，进而发展出原位谱学电化学的研究方向，由于其具有良好的表面灵敏度和能量分辨率，可以提供更多的表面反应信息，进而从微观上揭示反应机理. 伴随着纳米技术的兴起，表面增强拉曼光谱技术取得了快速的发展. 近来，壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱（shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy，SHINERS）技术更是得到人们的广泛关注. SHINERS的出现为研究单晶模型电极上的催化反应提供了一种非常好的原位光谱技术. 本文主要对原位电化学SHINERS技术在单晶电极界面研究的具体应用及其发展前景进行相关论述.Since the 1970s, in-situ spectroscopy (Raman, infrared, etc.) has been used to systematically study the electrochemical interfacial reactions which can provide more information about surface reactions and reveal the mechanisms from microscopic view due to its excellent surface sensitivity and energy resolution. With the development of nano-technology, surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect spectroscopy has made rapid progress. Recently, the emergence of SHINERS provides a good in-situ spectroscopic technique for the study of catalytic reactions on single crystal model electrodes with deterministic surface structure. In this paper, we have summarized the application of SHINERS in the study of single crystal interface, and outlined the perspectives of SHINERS research in different fields.国家自然科学基金项目（No. 21522508, No. 21775127）资助作者联系地址：厦门大学化学化工学院，福建 厦门 361005Author's Address: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]
Preparations of Nickel-Iron Hydroxide/Sulfide and Their Electrocatalytic Performances for Overall Water Splitting
No full text以钛网为基底，采用电沉积法制备了Ni-Fe/Ti析氧电极，然后将得到的Ni-Fe/Ti电极通过固相硫化制备了Ni-Fe-S/Ti析氢电极. 分别考察了电沉积液中Ni2+/Fe3+离子摩尔浓度比和硫脲加入量对Ni-Fe/Ti和Ni-Fe-S/Ti结构和电化学性能的影响. 结果表明，随着电沉积液中Ni2+含量的增加，Ni-Fe/Ti电极析氧性能先增强后减弱，Ni9Fe1/Ti电极具有最好的析氧性能；随着硫脲加入量的增加，Ni-Fe-S/Ti电极析氢性能呈现先增强后减弱的趋势，Ni9Fe1S0.25/Ti电极具有最好的析氢性能. 在50 mA·cm-2下，Ni9Fe1/Ti电极的析氧过电位为280 mV，Ni9Fe1S0.25/Ti电极的析氢过电位为269 mV，且均具有很好的稳定性. 将Ni9Fe1/Ti与Ni9Fe1S0.25/Ti分别作为阳极和阴极进行电催化全水分解，电流密度达到50 mA·cm-2所需电势仅1.69 V，表现出很好的全水解催化性能.The Ni-Fe/Ti oxygen evolution electrode was prepared by electrodeposition on a titanium mesh substrate. Then, the as prepared Ni-Fe/Ti electrode was used to derive the Ni-Fe-S/Ti hydrogen evolution electrode through solid phase sulfuration. The effects of the molar ratio of Ni2+ to Fe3+ in the electrolyte and the amount of thiourea on the structures and electrochemical performances of Ni-Fe/Ti and Ni-Fe-S/Ti electrodes were investigated. The results show that the oxygen evolution performance of Ni-Fe/Ti electrode was first increased and then decreased with the increase of nickel ion content in the electrolyte. The Ni9Fe1/Ti electrode exhibited the best oxygen evolution performance. With the increase of thiourea addition, the hydrogen evolution performance of Ni-Fe-S/Ti electrode was increased firstly and then decreased. The Ni9Fe1S0.25/Ti electrode showed the best hydrogen evolution performance. To achieve a current density of 50 mA·cm-2, an overpotential of 280 mV was required for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with the Ni9Fe1/Ti electrode, while 269 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with the Ni9Fe1S0.25/Ti electrode, both with good stabilities. Accordingly, the Ni9Fe1/Ti and Ni9Fe1S0.25/Ti electrode were used as anodes and cathodes, respectively, for overall water splitting tests. The current density of 50 mA·cm-2 was achieved at a voltage of 1.69 V, showing the good catalytic performance of overall water splitting.国家自然科学基金项目（No. 21706010）和江苏省自然科学基金面上项目（No. BK20161200）资助作者联系地址：1. 北京化工大学化学工程学院，北京 100029； 2. 常州大学石油化工学院，江苏省绿色催化材料与技术重点实验室，江苏 常州 213164； 3. 北京化工大学常州先进材料研究院，江苏 常州 213164Author's Address: 1. College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China; 3. Changzhou Institute of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Electrocatalytic Interfaces and Reactions:Classics Never Die
No full text本文章综述了电催化领域电化学阻抗谱（EIS）的相关研究. 首先概述了从二十世纪初到现在这一专业领域的发展历史. 然后介绍了电催化阻抗理论的几个里程碑. 其中，着重介绍了目前分析电催化EIS数据的主流模型—Dolin-Ershler模型. 之后，具体讨论了铂金单晶的双电层电容，特别是围绕这一基础课题的实验和理论上的挑战. 我们质疑采用Dolin-Ershler模型获取稀溶液中双电层电容的合理性. 因为在稀溶液中，双电层效应使得双电层电容具有频散特性，因而双电层电容的低频部分在分析过程中可能被遗失了. 未来，我们期待看到新的实验去证明或反驳一个最近的理论预测，即铂电极在氧化物生成电位区域中具有非单调表面电荷关系和负双电层电容.This review article recapitulates electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies in the field of electrocatalysis. The history of this specialized field, ranging from the beginning of the twentieth century to now, is outlined. We then chronicle milestones of the impedance theory. Special emphases are put on the Dolin-Ershler model, the prevailing model for analyzing adsorption impedance data. Afterwards, we narrow into a very specific and fundamental topic, the double-layer capacitance at platinum (Pt) single crystals. We discuss the challenges in experimentation and theoretical understanding thereof. We cast doubts into the validity of using the Dolin-Ershler model to obtain the double-layer capacitance in dilute solutions, in which case diffuse charge effects become important and the low-frequency part of double-layer capacitance is lost. We wish to see future progress in proving or disproving the recent theoretical prediction that Pt electrode possesses a non-monotonic surface charging relation and negative double-layer capacitances in the oxide formation region.J. H. appreciates financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21802170) and the starting fund for new faculty members at Central South University (No. 502045001 and 20180020050002)作者联系地址：中南大学化学化工学院，湖南 长沙 410083Author's Address: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]
Atomic Force Microscopic Characterization of Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium Ion Batteries
No full text近几年，电动汽车市场的飞速发展对锂离子电池的能量密度和安全性提出了更高的要求. 然而，过去近30年，在应用终端市场的大力推动下，锂离子电池的电极材料、电池结构设计和生产工艺都已经发展得比较成熟，容量提升空间已经比较小，想要进一步提高现有锂离子电池的能量密度，需要对锂离子电池的整个系统和工作原理有更深刻和全面的理解. 存在于锂离子电池电极材料和电解液之间的固态电解质中间相（solid electrolyte interphase，SEI）已被证明是一个影响电池性能的重要因素，目前学术界和产业界对其认识还不是很全面，尤其是高分辨、工况下以及多技术联合的界面表征工作较少见到报道. 原子力显微镜（atomic force microscopy，AFM）通过探测针尖与样品之间的相互作用力，能够在原子尺度上原位表征液态电池界面的形貌以及力学特性，对于电极界面的理解和调控非常重要. 本文作者通过总结近几年AFM在锂离子电池SEI研究的中的应用，并结合本课题组在该领域的工作，对AFM技术在锂离子电池SEI研究中的应用做了总结和展望，对加深锂离子电池界面的理解，以及构建稳定锂电池界面的相关研究有参考意义.In recent years, the rapid growing in the electric vehicle market has raised higher requirement on the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) performance towards energy density and safety. However, considering the successful development of LIBs techniques in the past 30 years, there is little room left for improving the LIBs performance on the aspects related to the electrode materials, battery structure design and production processes. It is important to pursue more comprehensive fundamental understanding in the entire system and working principle of LIBs. Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), existing between the electrode material and the electrolyte, has been proved to be an important factor affecting the performance of LIBs. However, at present, researchers both in the academia and industry still do not have full understanding on the SEI. Limited reports on SEI research with high resolution, in operando, and multi-technology combined characterization are available. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), which works based on detecting the interaction force between the AFM probe tip and the measured sample, can in operando characterize the morphological and mechanical properties of SEI at a liquid state with atomic scale resolution. This is very important for the understanding and regulation of SEI in LIBs. In this work, we summarize the application of AFM in investigating the SEI in LIBs in recent years by mainly introducing the work done in our research group in this field. This review will contribute to the understanding and regulation of LIBs interface towards construction of a high-performance LIBs with stable SEI.国家自然科学基金项目（No. 21625304，No. 21733012, No. 21773290）和中国科学技术部国家重点研发计划项目（No. 2016YFB0100102）作者联系地址：1. 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所，卓越纳米科学中心国际实验室，江苏 苏州 215213； 2. 上海交通大学化学化工学院，原位物质科学中心，上海 200240Author's Address: 1. i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano?鄄Bionics SINANO, Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS, Suzhou 215123, China; 2. In-situ Center for Physical Sciences,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected], [email protected]
Chinese Traditional Family Culture and the Firm' Sustainable Growth:From the Perspective of the Children Structure in an Entrepreneur's Family
No full text沈艺峰，厦门大学管理学院教授；陈述，厦门大学管理学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】中国传统家族文化重视家族存续和家业传承，在其影响下,企业家子女结构有可能影响企业的可持续发展。采用福布斯中国400财富榜2010—2016年间上榜的企业家控制的民营上市公司为研究样本,以企业家子女结构为解释变量，可就其对企业可持续发展的影响进行研究。结果显示：当企业家育有儿子时，具有较强的传承意愿，希望企业在家族内世代延续，因而更注重企业的可持续发展。同时,企业家育有的儿子越多,企业家越加致力于企业的可持续发展，一方面是因为挑选到优秀继承人的可能性增大,强化了传承意愿，另一方面是为了削弱财产分散继承对家业传承的不利影响。育有女儿则对企业家的传承意愿无促进作用，因而对企业可持续发展无正向影响。因此，了解中国传统家族文化有助于投资者更好地理解企业间财务行为的差异和背后的深层原因。
【Abstract】As Chinese family culture influences the goal of family inheritance，the children structure in an entrepreneur's family is likely to impact the firm's sustainable growth. Using A-shares listed private firms controlled by entrepreneurs on the Forbes China 400 Rich Lists from 2010 to 2016 as samples，our research has found that the entrepreneurs have strong willingness to succeed and are committed to their firms’ sustainable growth if they have a son，and that the more sons an entrepreneur has，the more the firm's sustainable growth is improved. There are two reasons. On the one hand，more sons will increase the possibility for the entrepreneur to acquire outstanding successors. On the other hand，the family will strive to expand family business to accumulate greater wealth in order to avoid the weakness in family continuity which may be caused by the dispersed allocation of the family's wealth among sons. But daughters have no positive effect on an entrepreneur's succession intention and therefore do not contribute to the firm's sustainable growth.国家自然科学基金重点项目“公司财务政策选择与动态演化研究”（71232005);国家自然科学基金面上项目“媒体有偏报道动机、行为与经济后果研究——基于公司治理的视角”（71872157);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“财务会计软性信息与资本市场——基于文本分析的研究视角”（20720181005
Marx's Theory of Exploitation and the Socialist Profit-Sharing Fiscal System
No full text杨斌，厦门大学经济学院财政系教授、博士生导师。【中文摘要】社会主义的本质内涵是“无剥削”劳动者创造的剩余产品价值不再为少数资本家占有，而是通过建立生产资料公有制让劳动者占有。公有制的高级形态即全民所有制目前表现为国家所有制。全民所有制的所有权仍然具备所有权的一般特征，即无论所有制具有何种名义、采取何种形式，所有权权利最终还是要落实于所有者。虽然全民所有制公共所有权不可分割,但收益权益应当归属于全体人民。作为一种与分税制财政体制并行的财政体制，分益制财政体制是由政府代表全体人民参与全民所有的一切资产收益分配，并通过全民资产收益权证制度和交易制度等制度创新，将全民所有的资产净收益分配给全体人民。当今时代信息技术的进步为此种体制创新 提供了可能。让全民人人享有全民财产收益或权益，不仅使社会主义全民所有制得到实际体现， 还会让全体人民因此获得个人的基本生活保障收入（Basic Income)和基础的社会保险，根除绝对贫困和基本的收入差距，从利益机制上激发人民群众巩固发展社会主义的积极性，增强国家整体竞争力，充分发挥社会主义制度的优越性。
【Abstract】The essential connotation of socialism is “no exploitation”，which means that the value of surplus products created by laborers is no longer possessed by a few capitalists，but by laborers through the establishment of public ownership. The advanced form of public ownership is whole people ownership. However，whole people ownership should still have the general characteristics of ownership ；in other words，no matter what name it has and what form it takes，the droit right of ownership should be ultimately vested in the owner. Although whole people ownership is inseparable，income rights should belong to all the people. To establish a new profit-sharing fiscal system，a fiscal system parallel to the tax-sharing system，in which the government should，on behalf of all the people，distribute the incomes and gains of whole people- owned assets to all the people through institutional innovations， such as the asset-income warrant system and the trading system. The progress of information technology in the contemporary era offers the possibility of this kind of institutional innovation. Allowing all people to enjoy the incomes and gains of whole people-owned assets will not only ensure an actual embodiment of socialist public ownership，but also endow all the people with access to the property benefits of whole people ownership，thereby enabling the individuals to obtain a basic level of income and social insurance. Moreover，it will eradicate absolute poverty and the basic income gap，motivate the people to consolidate and develop socialism through the mechanism of interest，enhance the overall competitiveness of the country，and give full play to the superiority of the socialist system.国家自然科学基金资助项目“公共服务非均等、逆向财政机制与收入差距”（71373220
Formal Analysis in Capital and Marx's Political Philosophy
No full text林青，复旦大学马克思主义学院副教授,哲学博士。【中文摘要】马克思在《资本论》中所展开的政治经济学批判，得益于其“形式分析”的方法，这同时为思考马克思“政治哲学”提供了切入口。不同于一般的政治哲学,马克思“政治哲学”不是从平等、正义等话题本身入手,而是有自身独特属性的对象，并且在此基础上衍生出对社会的“政治性”分析。马克思在《资本论》中基于“生产”基础之上的“形式分析”理论,为我们思考阶级属性、 意识形态批判和社会共同体原则提供了新的视角，同时也为思考马克思“政治哲学”的独特内涵提供了具体的对象和本有的言说方式。
【Abstract】Marx's critique of political economy in his book Capital benefited from formal analysis while providing an approach for deliberating Marx's political philosophy. Different from general political philosophy, Marx's political philosophy did not start with topics like equality and justice, but with unique objects, based on which political analyses of society are derived. Marx's formal analysis theory, based on production in Capital, offers a fresh perspective on class attributes, ideological critiques and the principles of social community, providing concrete objects and an inherent way of expression for the deliberation of Marx's political philosophy