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Highly Efficient CO2 Utilization via Molten Salt CO2 Capture and Electrochemical Transformation Technology
Get PDF高温熔融盐具有CO2吸收容量大、电化学窗口宽、高温下反应动力学快等特点,是利用清洁电能大规模捕集和资源化利用CO2颇具实用化潜力的电解液体系. 本文主要介绍作者课题组近十年关于高温熔盐CO2捕集与电化学资源化转化(MSCC-ET)技术的相关研究工作,包括熔融盐电解质对CO2的吸收、阴极过程动力学、电解条件对产物的影响、析氧阳极、电解过程能量效率和CO2捕获潜力,并展望了MSCC-ET技术的发展前景.The molten electrolytes exhibit high CO2 absorption capacities, wide electrochemical windows and excellent reaction kinetics, which are promising electrolyte candidates for efficient capture and electrochemical conversion of high-flux CO2 driven by renewable and clean electricity sources. This short review introduces the recent advancements of CO2 electroreduction achieved by the authors using molten salt CO2 capture and electrochemical transformation (MSCC-ET) technology, involving CO2 absorption kinetics, cathodic kinetics, controllable synthesis of carbon products with unique nanostructures, development of inert oxygen evolution anodes and CO2 conversion efficiency as well as energy efficiency. The challenges and prospects are also discussed based on the critical review.国家自然科学基金(51325102);国家自然科学基金(21673162);国家自然科学基金(51874211);科技部国际合作专项(2015DFA90750)通讯作者:汪的华E-mail:[email protected]:WANGDi-huaE-mail:[email protected]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北 武汉 430072School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Chin
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时间区间：2019-09-01，2020-09-01
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Periostin Promotes Colorectal Tumorigenesis through Integrin-FAK-Src Pathway-Mediated YAP/TAZ Activation
Get PDF肠道炎症与结直肠癌的发生发展密切相关，溃疡性肠炎（Ulcerative colitis）和克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease)患者发展为结直肠癌的风险明显高于正常人群。因此，研究炎症条件下结直肠癌的发生发展机制有望为预防和治疗肠炎相关结直肠癌提供重要的理论依据。细胞外基质蛋白Periostin与多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。大量的研究表明细胞外基质蛋白Periostin能够影响组织再生、炎症、纤维化以及肿瘤的发生发展。2020年1月21日，我校生命科学学院欧阳高亮教授课题组首次阐明了Periostin蛋白在炎症相关肿瘤发生发展中的功能及其作用机制，并可能为肠炎相关肠癌的治疗提供新的靶点。我校生命科学学院博士生马汉栋为该论文的第一作者，欧阳高亮教授和我校医学院刘迎福副教授为该论文的共同通讯作者。Periostin is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein involved in various inflammatory diseases and tumor metastasis; however, evidence regarding whether and how periostin actively contributes to inflammation-associated tumorigenesis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that periostin deficiency significantly inhibits the occurrence of colorectal cancer in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and in ApcMin/+ mice. Moreover, periostin deficiency attenuates the severity of colitis and reduces the proliferation of tumor cells. Mechanistically, stromal fibroblast-derived periostin activates FAK-Src kinases through integrin-mediated outside-in signaling, which results in the activation of YAP/TAZ and, subsequently, IL-6 expression in tumor cells. Conversely, IL-6 induces periostin expression in fibroblasts by activating STAT3, which ultimately facilitates colorectal tumor development. These findings provide the evidence that periostin promotes colorectal tumorigenesis, and identify periostin- and IL-6-mediated tumor-stroma interaction as a promising target for treating colitis-associated colorectal cancer.We thank Prof. Bin Zhao for providing pCMV5-FLAG-YAP WT and pCMV5-FLAG-YAP 5SA plasmids. We thank Prof. Yongyou Zhang for providing technical support. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81572598, 81772616, and 81972748), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (2019J02002), and the Health-Education Joint Research Program of Fujian Province (WKJ2016-2-16).
该研究工作获得了国家自然科学基金、福建省自然科学基金等资助
The Genomic Formation of Human Populations in East Asia
Get PDF3月26日，我校社会与人类学院王传超教授作为第一作者和通讯作者，与哈佛医学院、哈佛大学人类学系、德国马普人类历史科学研究所、南洋理工大学人文学院、复旦大学、俄罗斯远东联邦大学科学博物馆、西安交通大学、蒙古国国家博物馆研究中心、乌兰巴托国立大学考古系、维也纳大学进化人类学系、华盛顿大学人类学系、台湾成功大学考古所、加州大学人类学系等全球41个单位的77位共同作者组成的国际合作团队在bioRxiv上发表预印本论文“The Genomic Formation of Human Populations in East Asia”，发布了东亚地区最大规模的古人基因组研究，包含了191个距今8000到1000年前古人基因组捕获测序，涵盖了陕北新石器时代五庄果墚遗址、台湾新石器到铁器时代汉本和公馆遗址、蒙古国50余个考古遗址、俄罗斯远东地区Boisman、Yankovsky和黑水靺鞨等遗址、日本绳文人遗址等，研究人员还报道了46个现代族群的383个样本的芯片分型数据以及94个考古碳十四测年数据，首次通过古DNA精细解析东亚人群8000年来的起源、迁徙和混合历史，也改变了东亚地区尤其是中国境内考古基因组学研究长期滞后的局面。【Abstract】The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood due to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people. We report genome-wide data from 191 individuals from Mongolia, northern China, Taiwan, the Amur River Basin and Japan dating to 6000 BCE – 1000 CE, many from contexts never previously analyzed with ancient DNA. We also report 383 present-day individuals from 46 groups mostly from the Tibetan Plateau and southern China. We document how 6000-3600 BCE people of Mongolia and the Amur River Basin were from populations that expanded over Northeast Asia, likely dispersing the ancestors of Mongolic and Tungusic languages. In a time transect of 89 Mongolians, we reveal how Yamnaya steppe pastoralist spread from the west by 3300-2900 BCE in association with the Afanasievo culture, although we also document a boy buried in an Afanasievo barrow with ancestry entirely from local Mongolian hunter-gatherers, representing a unique case of someone of entirely non-Yamnaya ancestry interred in this way. The second spread of Yamnaya-derived ancestry came via groups that harbored about a third of their ancestry from European farmers, which nearly completely displaced unmixed Yamnaya-related lineages in Mongolia in the second millennium BCE, but did not replace Afanasievo lineages in western China where Afanasievo ancestry persisted, plausibly acting as the source of the early-splitting Tocharian branch of Indo-European languages. Analyzing 20 Yellow River Basin farmers dating to ∼3000 BCE, we document a population that was a plausible vector for the spread of Sino-Tibetan languages both to the Tibetan Plateau and to the central plain where they mixed with southern agriculturalists to form the ancestors of Han Chinese. We show that the individuals in a time transect of 52 ancient Taiwan individuals spanning at least 1400 BCE to 600 CE were consistent with being nearly direct descendants of Yangtze Valley first farmers who likely spread Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic languages across Southeast and South Asia and mixing with the people they encountered, contributing to a four-fold reduction of genetic differentiation during the emergence of complex societies. We finally report data from Jomon hunter-gatherers from Japan who harbored one of the earliest splitting branches of East Eurasian variation, and show an affinity among Jomon, Amur River Basin, ancient Taiwan, and Austronesian-speakers, as expected for ancestry if they all had contributions from a Late Pleistocene coastal route migration to East Asia.The excavations at Boisman-2 site (Boisman culture), the Pospelovo-1 site (Yankovsky culture), and the Roshino-4 site (Heishui Mohe culture) were funded by the Far Eastern Federal University and the Institute of History Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academu of Sciences, researches Pospelovo-1 funded by RFBR project number 18-09-40101. C.C.W was funded by the Max Planck Society, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31801040), the Nanqiang Outstanding Young Talents Program of Xiamen University (X2123302), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZK1144). O.B. and Y.B. were funded by Russian Scientific Foundation grant 17-14-01345. H.M. was supported by the grant JSPS 16H02527. The research of M.R. and C.C.W has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 646612) granted to M.R. The research of C.S. is supported by the Calleva Foundation and the Human Origins Research Fund. H.L was funded NSFC (91731303, 31671297), B&R International Joint Laboratory of Eurasian Anthropology (18490750300). J.K. was funded by DFG grant KR 4015/1-1, the Baden Württemberg Foundation, and the Max Planck Institute. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon dating work was supported by the National Science Foundation (BCS-1460369) to D.J.K. and B.J.C). D.R. was funded by NSF HOMINID grant BCS-1032255, NIH (NIGMS) grant GM100233, the Paul Allen Foundation, the John Templeton Foundation grant 61220, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.。该研究得到了国家自然科学基金、厦门大学南强青年拔尖人才支持计划、中央高校基本科研业务费、厦门大学一流学科建设项目“中国民族研究的跨学科探索”等的资助
Preparation and Electrocatalytic Performance of NiCo2O4/Ni Foam for Hydrogen Peroxide Electrooxidation
No full text本文以水热法结合热处理法原位制备了泡沫镍载 NiCo2O4纳米线电极，使用XRD、SEM和TEM对合成的 NiCo2O4纳米线进行了表征，NiCo2O4纳米线直径约80 nm，长度约 3 ~ 5 μm. 使用循环伏安和计时电流法测试了泡沫镍载NiCo2O4纳米线催化H2O2的电氧化性能，结果表明泡沫镍载NiCo2O4纳米线对H2O2电氧化有着优良的催化活性、稳定性和传质性能，在0.3 V电位下0.4 mol·L-1 H2O2和2 mol·L-1 NaOH溶液中氧化电流可达380 mA·cm-2.The electrodes of Ni foam supported NiCo2O4 nanowires were prepared by hydrothermal method, followed by a thermal treatment in air, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the NiCo2O4 nanowires had a diameter of about 50 nm with a length up to 3 ~ 5 μm. The catalytic performances of the Ni foam supported NiCo2O4 nanowires for H2O2 electrooxidation were studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results show that the Ni foam supported NiCo2O4 nanowires electrode exhibited superior activity, stability, and mass transport property for H2O2 electrooxidation. A current density of 380 mA·cm-2 was achieved at 0.3 V in 0.4 mol·L-1 H2O2 and 2 mol·L-1 NaOH at room temperature.国家大学生创新训练项目、国家自然科学基金项目（No. 51572052）资助作者联系地址：哈尔滨工程大学材料科学与化学工程学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001Author's Address: College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]
Electrochemical Preparations and Applications of Nano-Catalysts with High-Index Facets
No full text催化剂的性能与其表面结构及组成密切相关，高指数晶面纳米晶的表面含有高密度的台阶原子等活性位点而表现出较高的催化活性. 本文综述了电化学方波电位方法用于Pt、Pd、Rh等贵金属高指数晶面结构纳米晶催化剂的制备、形成机理及其电催化性能的研究. 针对贵金属利用率问题，还着重介绍了具有较高质量活性的小粒径Pt二十四面体的制备. 在此基础上，还介绍了电化学方波电位方法用于低共熔溶剂中制备高指数晶面纳米晶，以及高指数晶面纳米催化剂的表面修饰及应用；最后对高指数晶面纳米催化剂的发展做出了展望.The performance of catalysts highly depends on their surface structure and composition. Nanocrystals bounded by high-index facets usually exhibit high catalytic activity due to their high-density low-coordinated step atoms with high reactivity. In this paper, we have reviewed the preparations of noble metals (e.g., Pt, Pd and Rh) nanocatalysts with high-index facets by electrochemical square-wave potential method developed in our group. The square-wave potential method includes a nucleation procedure to generate nuclei, followed by a square-wave potential procedure for a certain period of time for the growth of nuclei into nanocrystals. The formation mechanism of high-index facets is also discussed. The surface structure was determined by the combined effect of nanocrystals growing at the lower potential and etching at the higher potential, as well as the rearrangement effect by the repetitive adsorption/desorption of oxygen species induced by the square-wave potential. By tuning the upper or lower square-wave potential, the evolution of Pt nanocrystals can be controlled from tetrahexahedron to hexoctahedron, and then to trapezohedron, or from tetrahexahedron to truncated ditetragonal prism. Considering the importance in utilization of noble metal in practical applications, emphasis is also given to the small-sized Pt tetrahexahedron of high mass-specific activity. By combining seed-mediated method with square-wave potential method, sub-10 nm tetrahexahedral Pt nanocrystals enclosed with {210} high-index facets were synthesized from 3 nm Pt nanoparticles. We have then described the application of electrochemical square-wave potential method for the synthesis of high-index faceted nanocrystals in deep eutectic solvents. Pt concave nanocubes with {hk0} facets, Pt triambic icosahedra with {hhl} facets, Pd concave-disdyakis triacontahedra with {hkl} facets, and concave Au hexoctahedra with {hkl} facets and trisoctahedra with {hhl} facets were synthesized. To further boost the catalytic activity, surface modification of foreign atoms on high-index faceted metal nanocrystals including the modification of Cu on Pd tetrahexahedra to tune the selectivity of electro-reduction of CO2 is presented. Finally, an outlook of high-index faceted nanocatalysts is given.国家自然科学基金项目（No.21573183,No.21621091）作者联系地址：固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室，厦门大学化学化工学院，福建 厦门 361005Author's Address: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]
A Comparison of Fact-Finding Methodologies in Evidence Law and History
No full text张保生，中国政法大学证据科学教育部重点实验室/司法文明协同创新中心教授、博士生活导师，法学博士。【摘要】在事实认定或知识获取问题上,历史学和法学都属于证据科学的研究领域，二者拥有共同的研究对象，运用大致相同的证据推理方法，遵循着事实认定的一般规律，并面临着同样的科技挑战。同时，在事实认定的目的、时限与结果等方面,法官和历史学家又存在明显差别。历史学家通过一定理论视角发现历史事实的过程，虽然与审判过程一样都需要证据解释，但证据法学在反对历史事实建构论的前提下，强调在事实前提和判决结论之间一定要有某种确证关系，并用最佳解释推论（IBE)的整体性解释方法取代了对证据的精确概率解释，从而揭示了司法证明的本质及其基本权利保障的价值取向。
【Abstract】On the issue of fact-finding or knowledge acquisition，both history and the law of evidence belong to the field of evidence science. They share the same research object，use essentially the same method of evidential reasoning， follow the general law of fact-finding，and face the same scientific and technological challenges. At the same time，there are obvious differences in research purposes，time limits and results between the two disciplines. Both the process of historians finding historical facts from a certain theoretical perspective and the process of trial require evidence interpretation. On the premise of opposing factual constructionist，the law of evidence emphasizes that there must be a certain relationship proved by evidential reasoning between factual premises and judgment conclusions，and that the relationship must reflect the basic value orientation，i.e.，fundamental rights protection. In the development of the theories of judicial proof，accurate interpretation of evidence may lead to ridiculous conclusions，while the holistic accounts method of IBE can reveal the essence of judicial proof in a new way.国家社会科学基金重大项目“司法评估的理念与方法研究”（17ZDA129
Frugal Tendency in Traditional Culture:Confucianism and Managers' Perk Consumption
No full text潘越,厦门大学经济学院教授、博士生导师；汤旭东，厦门大学经济学院博士研究生；宁博，厦门大学经济学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】儒家思想经久不衰，在当代中国的社会生活和市场交易中仍影响颇深。以明清进士数量的地域分布测度儒家文化的历史积淀，考察“俭”的价值观念对高管在职消费的影响。结果显示，儒家文化越浓厚的地区,高管的在职消费越少,在使用企业到古代印刷局的距离作为工具变量解决内生性问题后，结论依然成立。研究还发现,高管自身的节俭意识和市场较高的道德约束是两条潜在的影响渠道。此外，儒家文化的影响在民营企业、陷入经营困境的企业和分析师跟踪较少的企业中更为明显。基于文化传承视角的分析则证实，近代西方文化的传入削弱了儒家文化的积极影响。
【Abstract】Confucianism has a long history in China，and it still has a deep influence on the economic activities of modern society. We use the number of Jinshi in the Ming and Qing dynasties in different regions of China to measure Confucian culture and examine the impact of jian (frugality) on perk consumption.We find that the stronger the Confucian culture，the less perk consumption. Using the distance between enterprises and ancient printing centers as a tool variable to solve the endogenous problem，the conclusion remains valid. Managers’ sense of frugality and higher market moral constraints are two potential channels. Further research finds that the above effects are weaker in state-owned enterprises and enterprises subject to strong market supervision. Finally， the cultural revolution and the introduction of Western culture have weakened the positive influence of Confucian culture. This paper not only expands the research connotation of the cross - integration of culture and finance，but also provides new empirical evidence for the establishment of the guiding mode of promoting enterprise development by culture.国家自然科学基金面上项目“婚姻、家庭与公司财务行为”（71972160);国家自然科学基金面上项目“宗族文化与公司财务行为：基于族谱与姓氏的研究”（71772155);国家自然科学基金面上项目“圈层文化与公司财务行为：基于方言视角的研究”（71572158);国家自然科学基金重大项目“中国制度和文化背景下公司财务政策的理论与实践研究” (71790601
Reflections on Environmental Comunication Theories and Practices:A Global Perspective on Environmental Justice,Public Participation and Ecological Civilization
No full text赵月枝，加拿大西门菲莎大学传播学院教授、全球传播政治经济学加拿大国家特聘教授，清华大学新闻与传播学院卓越访问教授；范松楠，北京城市学院副教授，传播学博士。【中文摘要】日益严峻的全球环境危机呼唤全球视野下的去西方中心主义跨学科理论创新。跨文化传播政治经济学与生态马克思主义环境正义观提供了切中环境问题根源和解决路径的理论视野，也打开了从全球高度和中国本土立场认识中国“生态文明”理论和实践的新窗口。从这两个理论视野审视,被视为环境治理成功经验的西方公众参与机制,存在明显的时空层面的局限性和狭隘性，在资本主义产业转移的过程中变相推动了其他国家的环境非正义。反观中国，历史上农耕文明在生态方面留下了丰富遗产，现实中农民和少数民族群众表现出超越监督和谏言的带有朴素生态主义认知的自发性、原创性的参与和实践。中国提出的生态文明、“人与自然生命的共同体” 和“人类命运共同体”等理论创新更是中国对全球环境治理的重要理论贡献，表现出中国对人类未来发展正确路径的远见卓识。
【Abstract】The exacerbating global ecological crisis calls for de-westernized transdisciplinary theoretical innovations from a global perspective. The transcultural political economy of communication and the idea of ecological justice in ecological Marxism provide two complementary theoretical perspectives that allow us to both locate the root cause of today's environmental problems and find potential solutions. Furthermore，these perspectives open a new window for achieving a globally-oriented and locally - grounded understanding of the theories and practices of ecological civilization in China. Viewed from these two perspectives，the widely perceived successful experiences of public participation in environmental communication in advanced industrialized countries not only have spatial-social limitations within their own respective nation-states， but also have produced “externalities” that are the root cause of environmental injustice from the viewpoint of developing countries that have been the recipients of the transferred pollution industries. Although China's reform-era development has been highly environmentally costly，not only the country's sustained agrarian civilization contains rich ecological heritage ，but also farmers and ethnic minorities within the country have long deployed intuitive and indigenous ecological consciousness and practices in their productive activities. These practices，along with China's newly proposed notions of a ecological civilization，” “a community of human and natural life”，and “a community with a shared future for mankind”，constitute China's important contributions to the theories and practices of global environmental governance.2016年北京市社会科学基金项目“基于生态文明建设的中国环境传播研究”（16XCB004