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Near-atomic cryo-electron microscopy structures of varicella-zoster virus capsids
Get PDFVZV是一种广泛存在并且具有高度传染性的人类α-疱疹病毒。初次感染VZV可导致水痘，人群普遍易感（感染率约为61%～100%）。该病毒可在背根神经节潜伏感染，持续终生。夏宁邵教授团队长期开展VZV相关基础与新型疫苗研究，通过系统和精细探索建立了高效的VZV规模化培养和病毒颗粒纯化技术体系，成功获得高质量的VZV颗粒样品。首次揭示了疱疹病毒α家族的水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）不同类型核衣壳的近原子分辨率结构，阐明了VZV核衣壳不同组成蛋白的相互作用网络与衣壳装配机制，可为进一步开展新型载体疫苗设计及抗病毒药物等研究提供重要支持。
我校博士后王玮、高级工程师郑清炳、博士生潘德全和俞海副教授为该论文共同第一作者，我校夏宁邵教授、程通副教授、李少伟教授以及美国罗格斯大学朱桦（Hua Zhu）教授、加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校周正洪（Z. Hong Zhou）教授为该论文的共同通讯作者。【Abstract】Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a medically important human herpesvirus that causes chickenpox and shingles, but its cell-associated nature has hindered structure studies. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of purified VZV A-capsid and C-capsid, as well as of the DNA-containing capsid inside the virion. Atomic models derived from these structures show that, despite enclosing a genome that is substantially smaller than those of other human herpesviruses, VZV has a similarly sized capsid, consisting of 955 major capsid protein (MCP), 900 small capsid protein (SCP), 640 triplex dimer (Tri2) and 320 triplex monomer (Tri1) subunits. The VZV capsid has high thermal stability, although with relatively fewer intra- and inter-capsid protein interactions and less stably associated tegument proteins compared with other human herpesviruses. Analysis with antibodies targeting the N and C termini of the VZV SCP indicates that the hexon-capping SCP—the largest among human herpesviruses—uses its N-terminal half to bridge hexon MCP subunits and possesses a C-terminal flexible half emanating from the inner rim of the upper hexon channel into the tegument layer. Correlation of these structural features and functional observations provide insights into VZV assembly and pathogenesis and should help efforts to engineer gene delivery and anticancer vectors based on the currently available VZV vaccine.This research was supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development (no. 2018ZX09711003-005-003), the National Science and Technology Major Project of Infectious Diseases (no. 2017ZX10304402), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81871648, 81601762), the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (no. 2019RU022) and the US National Institutes of Health (DE025567/028583).
该研究获得了国家自然科学基金、新药创制国家科技重大专项和传染病防治国家科技重大专项等资助
Perovskite Catalysts for Fuel Reforming in SOFC:A Review and Perspective
No full text固体氧化物燃料电池（solid oxide fuel cell,SOFC）是通过电化学反应将化石燃料（煤、石油和天然气等）、生物质燃料或其它碳氢燃料中的化学能直接转换为电能的发电装置,能量转换效率更高、污染更低,被公认为21世纪高效绿色能源技术. 但直接以碳氢化合物为燃料时,镍基阳极中容易产生积碳,从而失去电化学催化活性. 在阳极外侧进行一次燃料的预重整是一种行之有效的解决办法,其中高效稳定的重整催化剂至关重要. 本文将结合本课题组的研究进展对钙钛矿催化剂在燃料重整中的应用进行概述,并提出自己相应的观点和展望.Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a generating device by electrochemical reaction to transfer the chemical energy of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas, etc.), the biomass fuel or other hydrocarbon fuels directly into electricity with higher energy conversion efficiency and lower pollution, which is recognized to be efficient green energy technology in the 21st century. However, when hydrocarbons are directly used as fuel, carbon deposition is easy to occur in nickel-based anode, thus, losing electrochemical catalytic activity. Fuel pre-reforming on the outside of the anode is an effective solution, which strongly relies on highly efficient and stable reforming catalysts. In this paper, we summarize the application of perovskite catalyst in fuel reforming based on the research progress of our research group, and provide the corresponding views and prospects.国家自然科学基金项目(No.U1601207);国家自然科学基金项目(No.51872103)通讯作者:李箭E-mail:[email protected]:LIJianE-mail:[email protected]华中科技大学材料学院燃料电池研究中心,湖北 武汉 430074Center for Fuel Cell Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology,Wuhan 430074, Chin
The Interaction of Ternary Components of Ionic Liquid Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
No full text采用Raman光谱、傅里叶转换红外光谱和X-射线衍射光谱研究N-甲基-N-丙基哌啶双三氟甲磺酸亚胺离子液体（PP13TFSI）和双三氟甲磺酸亚胺锂盐（LiTFSI）对PVDF-HFP聚合物聚合方式的影响,结果表明,PP13TFSI、LiTFSI和PVDF-HFP是共混存在的,同时加入PP13TFSI和LiTFSI会使聚合物的聚合方式由晶体结构转变为无定形结构. 通过对电解质及其各组分的线性扫描伏安曲线和热重曲线分析可知,溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）容易残留在凝胶聚合物电解质（ILGPE）中,这会降低ILGPE的电化学稳定性和热稳定性. 作者对固态LiFePO4|ILGPE|Li电池的倍率性能进行了研究,实验结果表明其具有较好的倍率性能,当电池倍率由C/10增大至2C,然后再回到C/10时,其容量可以恢复到原来的90.9%左右. 该研究结果对理解PP13TFSI和LiTFSI在ILGPE中的作用机理具有重要的意义.Ionically conductive gel polymer electrolyte is an excellent candidate due to its inflammable, nonvolatile and high thermal stability as compared to commercial liquid electrolytes which are usually flammable, volatile, and containing toxic organic solution as solvent, The synthesis and application of ionic gel polymer electrolytes in lithium ion/metal batteries have been previously reported. However, the interaction effects of N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PP13TFSI) ionic liquid (as plasticizer) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) on PVDF-HFP polymer remain unclear. In this work, the molecular structure of ionic liquid gel polymer electrolyte (ILGPE) composed of PP13TFSI, LiTFSI and PVDF-HFP was studied by Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Meanwhile, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to qualify the crystallization of PVDF-HFP polymer in the ILGPE with or without PP13TFSI or/and LiTFSI to investigate ionic liquid or/and LiTFSI impact on PVDF-HFP polymer. The results showed that PP13TFSI, LiTFSI and PVDF-HFP were physical-blending without chemical reaction, but with molecular coordination with PVDF-HFP polymer chain. In addition, the crystallization of PVDF-HFP could be changed by additions of PP13TFSI and LiTFSI at the same time, and the ionic conductivity could be improved with increasing amorphous phase in polymer matrix. The electrochemical stability window and thermal stability of ILGPE became worse with the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) residue inside the ILGPE. The LiFePO4/Li battery with the optimized ILGPE (the weight ratio of ionic liquid, LiTFSI, and PVDF-HFP polymer was 3/1/1) showed a good C-rate capability at room temperature. In summary, PP13TFSI and LiTFSI could coordinate with PVDF-HFP polymer chain, and no chemical reaction took place among the three compounds during preparing ILGPE. Furthermore, it is necessary to remove NMP solvent from ILGPE during drying process to improve the electrochemical stability window and thermal stability of ILGPE.国家自然基金项目（No.21878061）和国家自然科学基金项目（No.51604102）资助通讯作者:杨培霞E-mail:[email protected]:YANGPei-xiaE-mail:[email protected]. 哈尔滨工业大学化工与化学学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 1500012. 黑龙江科技大学 环境与化工学院,黑龙江省 哈尔滨 1500011. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001,Heilongjiang
2. School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjian
Recent Progress in Bifunctional Catalysts for Zinc-Air Batteries
No full text锌-空气电池因其拥有理想的能量密度和功率密度,并有望在能源转化与储存领域的广泛应用,引起国内外研究者的高度关注. 其中,空气电极作为氧催化反应的核心区域,更是整个锌-空气电池研究的重点. 近年来,非贵金属双功能催化剂及其电极以其高活性、低成本以及种类丰富等特点取得了较多的研究成果. 本文综述了非贵金属氧化物催化剂、碳基催化剂、碳载过渡金属化合物复合材料以及自支撑电极在锌-空气电池中的反应机制和研究进展,提出了高效双功能催化剂的构建策略,并对双功能催化剂/电极的发展趋势进行了展望.Zinc-air battery has attracted great attention from researchers due to its high energy density and power density, which is expected to be widely used in energy conversion and storage. Air electrode as the core area of oxygen catalytic reaction is the focus of the entire zinc-air battery research. Recently, many research achievements have been made in non-noble metal bifunctional catalysts/electrodes with high activity, low cost and abundant species. In this review, we mainly focus on the reaction mechanism and the recent progress in non-noble metal oxide catalyst, carbon-based catalyst, and carbon-based transition metal compound composite and self-supporting electrode. In addition, the construction strategy of designing high-efficient bifunctional catalyst is put forward, and the prospects of the future development trends are expected.国家自然科学基金项目(21972017);上海市科委“科技创新行动计划”港澳台科技合作项目资助(19160760600)通讯作者:乔锦丽Contact:QIAOJin-li1.纤维材料改性国家重点实验室,东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海 201620 中国2.University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA1. State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China2. University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, US
On the Early International Dissemination of the Long March of the Red Army
No full text杨才林，北京理工大学马克思主义学院副教授,历史学博士。【中文摘要】红军长征的早期国际传播特指国民党封锁时期，即红军长征至全国性抗战时期。这一时期传播的主要作品有《随军西行见闻录》《雪山草地行军记》《从甘肃到山西》《红军长征记》《西行漫记》等。这一时期传播主题总体而言就是谱写英雄的史诗、吹响抗日的号角，反击外界的污名化报道，为年轻的中国共产党和红军在全世界“正名”这一时期传播的特点大致有四个方面:一是与国际人士合作突破国民党新闻封锁,中国红星闪耀世界”；二是由亲中共人士帮助传播，或由中共党员秘密组织传播;三是除了陈云向共产国际的报告外，其他著述很少提及遵义会议详情；四是毛泽东和中共中央筹划传播，红军将士真诚表述。回顾红军长征的早期国际传播，对于讲好改革开放以来社会主义现代化建设“新长征”具有深刻的借鉴意义。
【Abstract】The early international dissemination of the Long March of the Red Army took place during the period of Kuomintang blockade，i.e.，the period from the Long March of the Red Army to the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. During this period，the main works spreading internationally were Journey with the Army to the West，March across Snow Mountains and Grasslands，From Gansu to Shanxi，The Long March of the Red Army，Red Star over China，etc. In general，the purposes of dissemination in this period were to compose heroic epics，rally public support for the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression，counter the stigmatization reports in the outside world，and rectify the “name” of the young Communist Party of China and the Red Army in the world. Dissemination in this period exhibited four characteristics: first，cooperation with international personnel to break through the Kuomintang news blockade，with China’s red star shining around the world ； second，dissemination by people close to the Communist Party of China or by secret organizations of CPC members ；third，no mention of details on Zunyi Conference in writings except in Chen Yun's report ； and fourth，dissemination as planned by Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee，with truthful stories told by Red Army soldiers. Reviewing the early international dissemination of the Long March of the Red Army is of great significance to the “new Long March” of socialist modernization，which has been going on since the start of reform and opening-up.中共北京市委教工委北京高校思政课教师择优资助计划课题“中国近现代史纲要问题式教学内容 体系研究”（2017—2019);北京市教委“重走长征路——理想信念虚拟仿真实验教学”项目（2019
A Study of Traditional Children's Enlightenment Books in the Tang Dynasty's Question-and-Answer Style:With a Focus on Wuwang Jiajiao
No full text金滢坤，首都师范大学历史学院教授、博士生导师，历史学博士。【中文摘要】《武王家教》是中国古代很有特点的一部家训类蒙书，从它的编撰体例中，可以较好地认识唐代问答体的历史渊源、问答体在蒙书编撰中的使用情况，以及数字冠名分类等相关问题。《武王家教》中采用的“武王问太公”问答体大致可分为三个部分:其一，第一至四问采用连续两级问对，引出“十恶”到“十狂”等十三类问题，以太公对答的形式，摘引、摘编相关典籍、流行俗语中的诸种不当、不雅行为，以数字冠名事类，分类罗列。其二，第五至六问采用单级问对，但对答形式采用蒙书编撰常用的“家教体”即四至六言对偶句，对前四问相关对答进行总结和提升。其三，最后两问对答之间，夹杂了“经典摘编”和“借名经典云”的内容，对此前相关对答的不足进行补充。《武王家教》问答体远受《六韬》之“十盗”相关句式影响，近习《辩才家教》《杂抄》问答体。唐代问答体蒙书编撰具有多样性，丰富了蒙书、家训的编撰形式和内容，大大提高了童蒙教育效率。
【Abstract】Wuwang Jiajiao ( King Wu's Family Teachings) was a distinctive traditional children's enlightenment book in ancient China. From its compilation，we can better understand the historical origin of the Tang Dynasty's question-and-answer style，the use of the question-and-answer style in children's enlightenment books，the classification of numerical titles and other related issues. The question-and-answer style of “King Wu Asks Taigong”，adopted in Wuuang Jiajiao，can be divided into three parts: First， the first to fourth questions use two consecutive levels of question pairs， leading to 13 types of questions from “ten evils” to “ten manias”. In Taigong's responses，all sorts of improper and indecent behavior are quoted or excerpted from the related classics and popular colloquialisms before they are numbered and categorized. Second，the fifth to sixth questions use a single level of question pairs，but the questions and answers are in the Jiajiao ( family teachings) style，which is typical of enlightenment books ； this particular style involves the use of the four-to six-character antithesis sentences to sum up and enhance the related questions and answers. Third，the last two pairs of questions and answers contain “classical excerpts” and “borrowed lines from classics”，which make up for the inadequacy of previous questions and answers. The question-and-answer style of Wuwang Jiajiao was heavily influenced by the “ten thefts” sentence pattern from Liutao ( Six Strategies)，as well as by the question-and-answer style of Biancai Jiajiao ( Oratory Family Teachings) and Zachao (Miscellaneous Excerpts). Children's enlightenment books in the Tang Dynasty's question-and-answer style are immensely diverse; they enriched the form and content of family teaching books and family admonishments and greatly improved the efficiency of children education.国家社会科学基金重大项目、国家社会科学基金重大项目滚动项目“中国童蒙文化史研究” (16ZDA121);北京市长城学者培养计划项目（CIT&TCD20180330
On the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area and Joint Construction of the “Belt and Road”
No full text王勤，厦门大学南洋研究院教授、博士生导师，经济学博士；赵雪霏，厦门大学南洋研究院博士研究生。【中文摘要】2010年1月至今，中国-东盟自由贸易区（CAFTA)已运行了十个年头。中国-东盟自贸区是中国对外建立的第一个自贸区，也是世界上最大的发展中国家自由贸易区。近十年，随着中国-东盟自贸区的进程，区域内贸易和投资规模迅速扩大，区域一体化的贸易与投资效应日益显现。在全球价值链下，中国-东盟自贸区区内企业加快融入全球价值链，带动以中间产品为特征的价值链贸易，吸引区域生产网络型投资，由此成为“南南合作型”区域一体化形式的成功典范。中国-东盟自贸区在“一带一路”建设中具有举足轻重的地位与作用，它创造了区域互联互通、引领基建、产能合作和人文交流的综合效应，并为进一步推进高质量共建“一带一路”提供了可资借鉴的国际经验。
【Abstract】Since January 2010， the China -ASEAN free trade area (CAFTA) has been in operation for ten years.
CAFTA is the first free trade area established by China and the largest free trade area for developing countries in the world. In the past decade，with the progress of CAFTA，the scale of intra-regional trade and investment has expanded rapidly， and the trade and investment effects of regional integration have become increasingly obvious. Under the global value chain (GVC)，enterprises in CAFTA are accelerating their integration into the GVC，promoting the value chain trade featuring intermediate products，and attracting regional production network investment，thus becoming a successful model of “south- south cooperation” regionalization. CAFTA plays an important role in the construction of the “Belt and Road”. It has created comprehensive effects in advancing regional connectivity， spearheading infrastructure construction，promoting capacity cooperation and expanding people-to-people exchanges.Moreover，it provides international experience for promoting high-quality construction of the “Belt and Road”.教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目“东南亚地区发展格局与趋势及其‘一带一路’的战略选择”（16JJD790030);教育部人文社会科学研究专项任务项目“‘ 一带一路’与东盟共同体的战略对接研究” (18JF099
Contract design in China's rural land rental market: Contractual flexibility and rental payments
No full text杨子砚的文章在尚未完全融合的城乡经济体系中研究了中国农地流转市场中针对契约灵活性和租金的二维合同设计。从理论、数据和实证研究三方面将目前文献对中国农地流转市场的认知从农户层级的参与决策拓展到交易层级的合同设计决策。
杨子砚，马里兰大学农业与资源经济学博士，现任厦门大学经济学院经济学系与邹至庄经济研究中心双聘助理教授。研究方向为制度经济学在农业发展、新媒体经济及中国经济史方面的应用。国家自然科学基金青年项目和福建省社科规划马工程重点项目主持人。【Abstract】I study bargaining over contract arrangements—contractual flexibility and rental payments—that profoundly affects the ex-post surplus of China's rural land rentals in the context of urban–rural separation. My theory suggests which equations should be estimated to test bargaining over multiple contractual terms. My theoretically justified empirical structure differs from conventional models and helps to explain seemingly inconsistent empirical results reported in the literature. Using transactional data collected by a new transaction-oriented sampling strategy, I draw two conclusions while also supporting my characterization of the bargaining mechanism. First, compared with renting-in partners, renting-out agents respond more strongly to non-agricultural employment uncertainty induced by urban–rural separation, which increases contractual flexibility. Second,social proximity helps non-stranger entrepreneurs obtain low-flexibility contracts without fully compensating renting-out agents, suggesting that urban–rural separation erects a social barrier to strangers that village trust lowers because social proximity and contractual flexibility are substitutes only in low-trusting environments.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71803164) and China Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 20720181042)
Research Progress of Key Components in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
No full text锂硫电池因具有远高于传统锂离子电池的理论比容量和质量能量密度,而受到人们的广泛关注,近年来一直是高能锂金属电池领域的研究热点之一. 然而这一体系的一些固有特性问题依然没有得到解决,无法实现稳定理论容量输出,严重阻碍了锂硫电池的实际应用. 其中,比较突出的问题是电池充放电过程中生成可溶性中间产物-多硫化物-对硫基正极、锂基负极和电解液等电池关键组成部分具有深刻的影响. 本综述从多硫化物的热力学和动力学等性质入手,详细介绍了锂硫电池中关键材料的功能化设计和优化策略,并对未来的发展做出展望.Due to the much higher theoretical specific capacity and energy density than the ones of traditional lithium ion battery, Li-S batteries have long been at the pinnacle in the realms of high-energy Li-metal batteries. However, the complicated electrochemical reactions on the sulfur cathode and Li anode, induced by the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of lithium polysulfides, are the intrinsic bottleneck to realize the full potential of Li-S batteries for practical application. In this review, we firstly discuss the roles, and thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of polysulfides in the charging and discharging processes of Li-S batteries. Then, the functional design and optimization strategy of sulfur cathode, Li anode and electrolytes are introduced in detail. Finally, new insights are prospected for future advanced Li-S batteries.国家自然科学基金项目(U1805254);国家自然科学基金项目(21673196);国家自然科学基金项目(21703186);国家自然科学基金项目(U1705255);国家自然科学基金项目(21773192);国家自然科学基金项目(21975211);中央高校基础研究经费(20720190035);厦门大学南强青年拔尖人才计划通讯作者:陈嘉嘉,董全峰E-mail:[email protected];[email protected]:CHENJia-jia,DONGQuan-fengE-mail:[email protected];[email protected]固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室,厦门大学化学化工学院,福建 厦门 361005State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Chin
Progress and Prospects on Multifunctional Coating Separators for Lithium-Sulfur Battery
No full text先进储能系统的开发对于满足电动汽车、便携式设备和可再生能源存储不断增长的需求至关重要. 锂硫（Li-S）电池具有比能量高、原材料成本低和环境友好等优点,是新型高性能电池研究领域中的热点. 然而,锂硫电池面向实际应用还存在许多问题,如可溶性多硫化物中间体的穿梭效应、锂枝晶生长以及锂硫电池在使用过程中的热稳定性和安全性等. 设计开发多功能涂层隔膜是改善锂硫电池上述不足的有效策略之一,在本综述中,详细论述了锂硫电池多功能涂层隔膜的研究进展. 包括聚合物材料、碳材料、氧化物材料、催化纳米粒子改性的功能化涂层隔膜及增强电池热稳定性、安全性的特种功能隔膜,对其作用特性进行了系统分析,并对未来研究发展提出展望.The development of advanced energy storage systems is crucial to meet the growing demand for electric vehicles, portable devices and renewable energy storage. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, with their advantages of high specific energy, low cost of raw materials and environmental friendliness, are hotspots in the research field of new high performance batteries. However, there are still many problems which hinder the practical applications of lithium-sulfur batteries, such as the shuttle effect of soluble polysulfide intermediates, the growth of lithium dendrites, and the thermal stability and safety of lithium-sulfur batteries during use. The design of multifunctional coating separator is one of the effective strategies to improve the above deficiencies of lithium-sulfur batteries. In this review, the research progress of multifunctional coating separators for lithium-sulfur batteries is discussed in detail, which include polymer materials, carbon materials, oxide materials, functionalized coating separators modified by catalytic nanoparticles and special functional separators to enhance the thermal stability and safety of the battery. The characteristics of its function are systematically analyzed, and the future research and development are also prospected.国家自然科学基金项目(51772030);北京高校卓越青年科学家计划项目(BJJWZYJH01201910007023)通讯作者:陈人杰E-mail:[email protected]:CHENRen-jieE-mail:[email protected]北京理工大学材料学院,北京 100081School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, Chin