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Minimalism Tradition and Its Value in the Modernization of Rural Governance
No full text刘伟，武汉大学政治与公共管理学院教授、博士生导师，武汉大学地方政治研究中心执行主任;黄佳琦,武汉大学地方政治研究中心研究人员。【中文摘要】集权的简约治理”是我国帝制时代形成并长期维持的基层治理模式。晚清以来，随着乡村社会自身的变迁与国家政权建设的推进，“简约治理”模式逐渐被国家制度的设计者所摒弃，由此成为历史遗产。现阶段，国家政权在权力下沉过程中全方位介入乡村社会的治理，形成“高度中央集权-高度基层渗透”的治理模式。在取得良好的治理效能的同时，这一模式也蕴含着一定的治理风险。要强调乡村治理的弹性空间和灵活性,就应该看到“简约治理”这一传统在乡村治理现代化中的补充价值 。
【Abstract】“Centralized minimalism” is a grass-roots governance model that was maintained for a long time in imperial China. Starting from the late Qing dynasty，with the changes of village society and the advancement of state power，“centralized minimalism” was gradually abandoned by the ruler of the nation，thus becoming historical heritage. At present，the state power is fully involved in the governance of village society during the process of power delegation，forming a governance mode of “ high centralized power and high infrastructural power”. Despite its good governance effectiveness，this model carries certain governance risks. To emphasize the elastic space and flexibility of rural governance，we should see the complementary value of “centralized minimalism” in the modernization of rural governance.国家社会科学基金一般项目“健全乡村治理体系的路径选择研究” (19BZZ051
The New Round of Financial Openness ＆ Legal Route of Prudential Governance
No full text黎四奇，湖南大学法学院教授，法学博士。【中文摘要】自2018年以来，我国又一次揭开了新一轮金融对外开放的新篇章。对外资持股金融机构的比例及业务范围等进一步放开，其基调是同等对待与风险审慎治理。虽然关于金融开放与经济增长、金融安全之间的论战一直没有休止，但并没有阻挡金融开放坚定向前的步伐。金融开放为时势所需,但是在审慎性的法律治理中,开放目的何在,安全与开放的平衡如何厘定，这些都需要理性思维。金融开放的重点是开放、平等、自由与包容，而不是禁锢、歧视、束缚与偏狭。虽然安全重如泰山,但是也必须避免将安全异变为压制金融开放的工具。同时，为了巩固成果,金融开放必须走一条法治化的路线。
【Abstract】Since 2018，China has begun the new round of financial openness. In order to give the equal treatment and prudential governance，China intended to further lift the control over the maximum ratio of share holding & business scope，etc. The theoretic dispute between financial openness and economic growth & financial safety has never stops with common view，but it doesn't impede the realistic process of financial openness. Financial openness is the need of times，but in the legal prudential governance，whether it is based on spiritual transformation，or on utilitarianism pursuit of material and how to balance financial safety &financial openness need corresponding answers. The Key points of financial openness lie in openness，equality，freedom and tolerance，not in confinement，discrimination，restriction and narrowness. Safety is the crucial appeal，but it is very important to prevent policy-makers from turning law into a tool of hindering financial openness. Meanwhile，for the purpose of consolidating the reform fruit，financial openness should take the road of rule of law.国家社会科学基金重点项目“互联网时代第三方支付风险治理法律问题研究”（16AFX018
Electrochemical Response of A Single Wire-Electrode AC Probe in 3.5wt.% NaCl
No full text本文应用新研发的一种无参比无辅助的单丝电极交流探头技术,研究碳钢和锌金属丝电极在3.5wt.% NaCl中的电化学腐蚀规律和牺牲阳极保护行为. 通过与传统的三电极电化学交流阻抗结果的对比和分析,进一步证明了该新型探头具有简便、快速、准确、稳定的特性,可实现定量评估. 测量显示,在3.5wt.% NaCl中,碳钢的瞬时腐蚀速率及累积腐蚀失重大于锌,它们腐蚀行为的差异与表面膜的性质及变化有关. 在碳钢-锌电偶对中,锌的保护效率可达到95%以上,且随浸泡时间增加先增加后减小.In this paper, a recently developed single wire-electrode AC probe technology which does not need a reference or counter electrode was employed to investigate the electrochemical corrosion and sacrificial anode protection behaviors of steel and zinc in 3.5wt.% NaCl. With this simple, fast, reliable and stable probe, the instantaneous corrosion rate and accumulated corrosion loss of carbon steel in 3.5wt.% NaCl were measured, and the results revealed that both were greater than those of zinc. Furthermore, the observed different corrosion behaviors between carbon steel and zinc during the immersion could be caused by their different surface films. With the galvanic couple of carbon steel-zinc, the protection efficiency offered by the anode zinc was found to be above 95%, and it increased initially and then decreased with immersion time.国家自然科学基金项目（No.51671163,No.51731008）资助通讯作者:宋光铃E-mail:[email protected];[email protected]:SONGGuang-lingE-mail:[email protected];[email protected]. 厦门大学材料学院,海洋材料腐蚀与防护中心,福建 厦门 3610052. 厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室,福建 厦门 3610051. Center for Marine Materials Corrosion and Protection, College of Materials, Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China2. State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, XiamenUniversity, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Chin
Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Based on Organic Electrodes
No full text由于高安全的特性,水系二次电池被认为是未来大型储能的有效解决方案之一. 然而,现有水系电池主要以含金属元素的无机化合物为电极活性材料,其在大型储能中的实际应用仍受到循环寿命、环境问题、原料成本或金属元素丰度的限制. 相较于无机电极材料,部分有机电极材料具有原料丰富、结构丰富、可持续及环境友好等优点. 此外,有机物材料分子内空间大,能够存储不同价态电荷,因此近年来被广泛关注. 本文综述了课题组近期在有机物电极方面的研究进展,内容聚焦含羰基有机物通过C=O/C-O-的可逆转化存储单价金属阳离子(Li+, Na+)、双价金属阳离子(Zn2+)、质子(H+)所涉及的电化学过程,及其在水系锂、钠离子电池、水系锌离子电池、质子电池以及分步电解水中的应用.Aqueous batteries have been considered to be a competitive candidate for large-scale energy storage. However, most of aqueous batteries adopt inorganic electrode materials with metallic elements, which are based on the reversible insertion of metal ions, making their application being highly hindered by limited cycle life, environmental issue, high cost and low reserves. On the other hand, organic electrode materials offer the advantages of abundant reserves, tunable structures, renewability and environmental benignity. Furthermore, the wide internal space enables these organics to flexibly store various charge carriers. Organics have been investigated as the alternative to inorganic electrode materials. Herein, we review the progress in organic electrode materials reported by our group, focusing on the reaction chemistry of organics with carbonyls for storing monovalent ions (Li+, Na+), divalent ion (Zn2+) and proton (H+), and the corresponding application in the field of metal ion batteries, proton batteries and the water electrolysis as redox buffer electrodes.国家自然科学基金项目资助(21935003);国家自然科学基金项目资助(21805126);国家自然科学基金项目资助(21622303)通讯作者:王永刚E-mail:[email protected]:WANGYong-gangE-mail:[email protected].复旦大学化学系,上海市分子催化和功能材料重点实验室,能源材料化学协同创新中心,上海 2004382.南昌航空大学材料科学与工程学院,江西 南昌 3300631. Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, Jiangxi, Chin
Stylistic Criticism as a Method
No full text夏静，首都师范大学文学院教授、博士生导师，文学博士；宋宁，首都师范大学文学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】作为文体批评的重要方法范式，以体用论风格、以宗经论统绪、以体制论正变构成了传统文体学内在路径知识生产的主体内容，在古代文学批评史上具有重要的价值。此一类文体批评，以作品自身为中心，借助批评者的眼力、学养、理想、兴趣，围绕文本性质、特征、功能、风格等方面展开理论探讨，建构了具有中华民族文化特质的批评传统。
【abstract】As an important paradigm of stylistic criticism，using ti yong to discuss style，reversing to the classics to discuss overall issues and utilizing the system theory to discuss to true changes has become the main part of knowledge production in the intrinsic path of traditional stylistics. This carries immense value in the history of ancient literary criticism. This kind of stylistic criticism，centering on the work itself and based on the critics insights，learning，ideals and interests， conducts theoretical discussions around the nature，characteristics，function and style of the text. It has helped construct the tradition of criticism with the cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation.国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“中国古代文体观念文献整理与研究” (18ZDA236
Application of “Penalty Influencing Conviction”in the Cognizance of Cyber Economic Crimes
No full text李兰英，厦门大学法学院教授、博士生导师。【中文摘要】对“以刑制罪”审判逻辑的利弊分析和价值权衡表明，传统的三段论式的刑事审判思维与现实主义背景下的以刑制罪的逆向思维是互相补充、对立统一的辩证关系。“以刑制罪”思维方式具有“必要的结果先行”能动的司法观念” “实质的推理过程” “司法的综合效果”等显著特征，而罪刑法定的原则是其坚守的底线。虽然,以刑制罪”在网络新型疑难经济犯罪认定中有其适用的内在需求和现实空间，但在适用“以刑制罪”的过程中，应以“社会价值” “法益内涵”和“刑事政策”作为权衡正当性的限制维度。检视“平台积分套现”以及“网络批量虚假注册”两种新型的网络经济行为可以发现，妥当适用“以刑制罪”更能实现社会整体的价值目标，获得更大程度的公众认同。
【Abstract】According to the analysis of the pros and cons and the value trade-off of the trial logic of “penalty influencing conviction”，the traditional syllogism of criminal trial logic and the reverse thinking of “penalty influencing conviction” in the context of realism are complementary to each other and a unity of opposites. The thinking mode of “penalty influencing conviction” bears several notable features including “necessary results first”，“active judicial concept”，“substantive reasoning process”and “comprehensive judicial effect”，while holding the principle of legality is the bottom line.Although the logic of “penalty influencing conviction”has its own inherent needs and practical space in the cognizance of new and difficult economic crimes which arise on the Internet，it should take “social value”，“connotation of legal interests” and “criminal policy” as the restrictive dimensions to weigh the legitimacy in the process of applying this logic. From the two new types of cyber economic acts of “platform cashing-out of accumulated points” and “bulk false registration in cyberspace” ，it is concluded that proper application of this logic can better achieve the value objectives of the whole society and obtain a greater degree of public recognition.国家社会科学基金重大项目“网络金融犯罪的综合治理”（17ZDA148
Critique of Political Economy in Young Engels Revisited:A Study Based on the Outlines of a Critique of National Economy
No full text周嘉昕，南京大学哲学系教授，南京大学马克思主义社会理论研究中心研究员。【中文摘要】《国民经济学批判大纲》是青年恩格斯初步研究政治经济学所形成的一部代表性著作。该文在《德法年鉴》发表后对青年马克思的政治经济学研究产生了重大影响，并且后来被马克思誉为“批判经济学范畴的天才大纲”。它的写作直接服务于青年恩格斯对社会主义理论与实践的考察，其有关私有财产的批判中折射出恩格斯仍然受人本主义方法的影响，有关价值和土地问题的理解仍然受到古典政治经济学及其庸俗化阐释的影响。《大纲》中价值概念背后的生产问题的发现，对马克思进一步研究政治经济学具有启发意义。恩格斯从国民经济学的研究（特别是劳动和资本对立关系的分析)走向对工厂制度和工人阶级状况的考察，发现了经济事实这一现代世 界的决定性历史力量。马克思通过对国民经济学的研究（尤其是对工业和动产的分析），把握了国民经济学和黑格尔思辨哲学的内在关联，开始意识到人本主义自身的理论困境。尽管在具体理论道路上略有差异，政治经济学批判构成了马克思恩格斯共同走向唯物史观的新的理论起点。
【Abstract】Outlines of a Critique of National Economy，defined as a “brilliant sketch on the criticism of economic categories ” by Marx in 1859，is the most typical work in young Enegls' studies of political economy，and influenced young Mart a lot after its being published in German-French Yearbook. The background of this article is Engels's analyses of Engelish Socialist movements，and the theoretical method in it is humanism. In this article，the interpretations of value and rent are influenced more ore less by the vulgar interpretations on classical political economy posed by McCulloch，but the discovery of production issues beneath the concept of value and the description of industrial manufacture illuminated Marx's approaches. Compared with Outlines of a Critique of National Economy，Marx in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 criticized the mysticism of private property in Hegel's state theory，seized the inner connections between national economy and Hegel's speculative dialectic，and began to noticed the weak point of the humanist theory. It is to be argued that，although in young Marx and young Engels there are differences of political economy studies，critique of political economy is the key corner stone in their way to historical materialism
Genetically engineered magnetic nanocages for cancer magneto-catalytic theranostics
Get PDF磁热疗法是一种利用磁热敏剂在磁场中把磁能转换为热能以杀死肿瘤的新型癌症治疗方法，并已成功应用于临床。但是，目前临床所用磁热敏剂的磁-热转换效率低而使得治疗剂量过大，从而给病人带来潜在的副作用，因此大大限制了磁热疗法的广泛应用。该研究利用基因工程和仿生矿化技术制备出具有优异磁-热转化能力及纳米酶催化性能的磁性蛋白纳米笼（eMIONs），成功克服了临床磁热疗法中磁热敏剂低效的瓶颈，为新一代磁热敏剂的研发提供新的思路。该研究工作在刘刚教授指导下完成，博士生张阳为文章第一作者。【Abstract】The clinical applications of magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) have been largely hindered by the poor magnetic-to-thermal conversion efficiency of MHT agents. Herein, we develop a facile and efficient strategy for engineering encapsulin-produced magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites (eMIONs) via a green biomineralization procedure. We demonstrate that eMIONs have excellent magnetic saturation and remnant magnetization properties, featuring superior magnetic-to-thermal conversion efficiency with an ultrahigh specific absorption rate of 2390 W/g to overcome the critical issues of MHT. We also show that eMIONs act as a nanozyme and have enhanced catalase-like activity in the presence of an alternative magnetic field, leading to tumor angiogenesis inhibition with a corresponding sharp decrease in the expression of HIF-1α. The inherent excellent magnetic-heat capability, coupled with catalysis-triggered tumor suppression, allows eMIONs to provide an MRI-guided magneto-catalytic combination therapy, which may open up a new avenue for bench-to-bed translational research of MHT.This work was supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (2017YFA0205201), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81925019, 81422023, 81603015, 81871404, and U1705281), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20720190088 and 20720200019), and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China (NCET-13-0502). We acknowledge Jingru Huang and Baoying Xie from Central Laboratory in School of Medicine, Xiamen University, for assistance with inductively coupled plasma experiments and data analysis.
研究工作得到了科技部重大专项课题、973课题、国家自然科学基金委杰出青年基金等项目的支持
3D-printed integrative probeheads for magnetic resonance
Get PDF射频探头前端作为核磁共振设备的核心部件之一，极大程度的决定着系统实验性能的优劣。探头前端通常由射频线圈、射频电路及样品检测管道等部分组成。现有的射频线圈制作技术主要是通过手工或机械手段按照所需的线圈形状进行绕制。但是，当线圈结构较为复杂、不规则，或体积尺寸较小时，常规绕制方法便难以满足结构设计和制造的精度需求，因此造成线圈性能的劣化，增大检测区域的射频场不均匀性，对核磁共振检测产生负面影响。本研究中，利用3D打印熔融沉积制造或光敏树脂选择性固化技术精确加工出一体化磁共振探头前端，使用常温液态金属填充线圈模型管路形成射频线圈，搭建出稳定的一体化磁共振射频探头。利用高精度3D打印和液态金属灌注技术制备出包含有射频线圈和定制化样品管道结构在内的一体化磁共振射频探头前端，克服了传统磁共振三维微型线圈成型困难、与样品腔匹配程度差等问题，提高了探头的信噪比，为定制化的磁共振检测提供了新思路。
该工作由厦门大学电子科学与技术学院陈忠教授、游学秋副研究员和孙惠军高级工程师共同指导完成，博士研究生谢君尧为论文第一作者。厦门大学电子科学与技术学院黄玉清高级工程师、王忻昌副教授、倪祖荣助理教授、硕士研究生张德超，化学化工学院杨朝勇教授、博士研究生李星锐，萨本栋微米纳米科学技术研究院陈宏教授为合作作者。【Abstract】Magnetic resonance (MR) technology has been widely employed in scientific research, clinical diagnosis and geological survey. However, the fabrication of MR radio frequency probeheads still face difficulties in integration, customization and miniaturization. Here, we utilized 3D printing and liquid metal filling techniques to fabricate integrative radio frequency probeheads for MR experiments. The 3D-printed probehead with micrometer precision generally consists of liquid metal coils, customized sample chambers and radio frequency circuit interfaces. We screened different 3D printing materials and optimized the liquid metals by incorporating metal microparticles. The 3D-printed probeheads are capable of performing both routine and nonconventional MR experiments, including in situ electrochemical analysis, in situ reaction monitoring with continues-flow paramagnetic particles and ions separation, and small-sample MR imaging. Due to the flexibility and accuracy of 3D printing techniques, we can accurately obtain complicated coil geometries at the micrometer scale, shortening the fabrication timescale and extending the application scenarios.The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants U1632274, 11761141010, U1805261, 11475142, 22073078, and 61801411), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622075).研究工作得到国家自然科学基金、中国博士后科学基金等项目支持
China's Economic Forecast Update for 2020-2021:A Reciew of the 15th Questionnaire Survey of Economists on China's Macroeconomic Outlook and Policy
No full text林致远、吴华坤、陈贵富、龚敏和王燕武。林致远，厦门大学宏观经济研究中心教授、博士生导师；吴华坤，中国人民银行厦门中心支行工作人员，经济学博士；陈贵富，厦门大学宏观经济研究中心教授；龚敏，厦门大学宏观经济研究中心教授；王燕武，厦门大学宏观经济研究中心副教授。【中文摘要】基于2020年二季度以来，中国国内外经济环境的变化情况，应用中国季度宏观经济模型（CQMM)，对2020年三、四季度以及2021年四个季度的中国宏观经济主要指标进行了预测更新。结果表明:受疫情冲击的影响，2020年中国GDP增速预计将大幅回落，但依然能够保持2.0% 左右的增速,CPI预计将上涨2.47%。虽然疫情冲击对国内经济的影响是短期的，不会逆转中国经济稳中向好、长期向好的趋势，但是，短期内宏观政策应充分重视疫情冲击对非国有企业投资的影响，以及疫情冲击对居民（特别是农村居民、低收入群体）收入增长和消费行为的影响。进一步，中国境外疫情的长期化趋势将可能在长期改变中国的外部经济环境。因此,宏观经济政策要加强协调配合，促进财政、货币政策同就业、产业、区域等政策形成集成效应，以“加快形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局”。
【Abstract】 Based on the economic performance of China and the world economy since the second quarter of 2020，this paper applies the China Quarterly Macroeconometric Model ( CQMM) to project China's main economic variables for 2020 -2021. In contrast to the results from the 15th questionnaire of economic scholars on China's macroeconomic performance in 2020，this paper presents the reason for the forecast update and provides relevant policy recommendations. This is the 29th forecast conducted by Xiamen University's research team on China's macroeconomic outlook. The results show that ： due to the COVID-19 pandemic，China's GDP growth rate is expected to decline to around 2.0% in 2020，and CPI is forecast to grow by 2.47%. Although the stable potential growth of the Chinese economy in the long run will not be altered by the short-term negative impact of COVID-19，emphasis of domestic macroeconomic policies is placed on absorbing the shock of COVID-19 on private investment，as well as on the promotion of income growth，especially for rural households and low-income groups. Moreover，China's external economic environment may be changed by the ongoing COVID-19 situation. Hence，macroeconomic policies in the next stage need to strengthen coordination and cooperation，promote the integration of fiscal and monetary policies with employment，industrial and regional policies，and “accelerate the formation of a new development pattern with domestic and international cycles as the main body and of mutually- promoting domestic and international cycles”.教育部重点研究基地重大项目“中国季度宏观经济模型（CQMM)的再拓展”(17JJD790014);教育部重点研究基地重大项目“深化财税体制改革与促进中国经济平穗增长”(18JJD790007);教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“供给侧结构改革的理论基础与政策思路研究”(16JZD016);国家社会科学基金一般项目“经济特征变化下的中国减税降费政策组合研究”（20BJY231