173581 research outputs found
Sort by
R&D Investment,Carbon Intensity and Regional Carbon Dioxide Emissions
No full text林伯强，厦门大学中国能源政策研究院/能源经济与能源政策协同创新中心教授、 博士生导师，经济学博士;徐斌，江西财经大学统计学院副教授、博士生导师，经济学博士。【中文摘要】当前，中国已成为世界上最大的二氧化碳排放国，快速推进的工业化和城市化导致能源消耗总量和二氧化碳排放总量持续增长，中国二氧化碳的减排问题成为国际社会关注的焦点。现有研究大多假定经济变量之间的关系为线性形式，并采用传统线性模型研究研发投入对碳强度和二氧化碳排放的影响。实际上，受经济周期变化的影响，经济现象往往是波动变化的，从而导致经济变量之间呈现非线性关系。鉴于此，使用非参数可加回归模型可就研发投入对区域碳强度和 二氧化碳排放的影响进行研究。结果表明:研发投入对东中部地区碳强度都产生一个“倒U”型的非线性影响，即研发投入降低碳强度的作用公在后期阶段凸显出来；研发挤入对西部地区碳强度非线性影响不显著。研发投入对二氧化碳排放非线性影响更为复杂，具体结果如下:研发投入对中部地区的二氧化碳产生一个“正U”型影响，即研发投入的碳减排作用仅在早期阶段表现明显；研发投入对西部地区二氧化碳排放的非线性影响呈现“倒N”型，表示在早期和后期阶段研发投入碳减排作用明显；由于西电东送和清洁能源供给快速增加带来的结构效应超过研发投人带来的技术效应，使得研发投人对东部地区二氧化碳排放的影响不显著。
【Abstract】China is now the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide. Moreover，rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to a continuous increase in China's carbon emissions.Reducing carbon dioxide emissions in China has become the focus of the international community. Most existing studies assume a linear relationship between economic variables ，and use traditional linear models to study the impact of R&D investment on carbon intensity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In fact，economic phenomena tend to fluctuate，due to the impact of economic cycle changes. This results in a nonlinear relationship between economic variables. In view of this，this paper uses the nonparametric additive regression model to study the impact of R&D investment on regional carbon intensity and CO2 emissions.The results show that R&D investment has an “inverted-U” nonlinear effect on the carbon intensity in the central and eastern regions，indicating that R&D investment is helpful to reduce carbon intensity in the later stage. R&D investment has no significant effect on carbon intensity in the western region. The nonlinear impact of R&D investment on CO2 emissions is more complicated.R&D investment has a “positive U” effect on CO2 emissions in the central region； that is to say，the emission reducing effect of R&D investment is only apparent in the early stage. The nonlinear effect of R&D investment on CO2 emissions in the western region is an inverted “N-shaped” mode，indicating that R&D investment has a significant emission reducing effect in the early and late stages. The structural effects brought by the rapid increase of the clean energy supply and a pcwer transmission from west to east” exceed the technical effects brought by R&D investment ；consequently，R&D investment has no significant impact on CO2 emissions in the eastern region.教育部哲学社会科学发展报告资助项目（OJBG013);国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国新能源产业的空间集聚、扩散及其外部性：理论机制及实证分析” (71974085
Legal Regulation of Interlocked Penal and Civil Cases in Internet Finance
No full text熊进光，江西财经大学法学院教授、博士生导师，法学博士。【中文摘要】自互联网金融在我国萌芽以来，因其投资风险高、准入门槛低、危害范围广、负面程度深等特性，实际司法审判中常常会前置刑法来解决相关问题。但随着时代的发展，社会危害性不再是互联网金融“重刑观念”得以存在的理由，而应当考虑社会总福利以及金融法律“匹配性理论”的适用。坚持民商法思维、民商法前置性适用以及从严解释金融刑法、从宽解释金融民法，是互联网金融刑民交叉案件的法律规制原则。基于互联网金融的不断创新，在处理互联网金融刑民交叉案件时应对“同一事实”的认定坚持“区分原则”，同时提高刑事入罪的量刑标准。
【Abstract】 Since the emergence of Internet finance in China in 2005，due to its high investment risk，low barriers to entry，wide extent of harm and high degree of negativity，criminal law has often been applied in practical judicial trials to solve related problems. However，with the development of society，social harm is no longer the reason for the ideas of severe punishment； rather，total social welfare should be considered. As a better institutional arrangement，the “matching theory” of financial law should be applied. The principles of regulation of Internet financial cases include：adhering to the thinking of civil and commercial law and to preemptive application of civil and commercial laws，interpreting financial criminal law in a stringent manner，and interpreting financial civil law in a lenient manner. Based on the continuous innovation of Internet finance，the determination of the “same fact” in interlocked penal and civil cases should adhere to the “principle of distinction”.In addition，the sentencing criteria for criminal offenses involving Internet finance should be raised.国家社会科学基金重大项目“网络金融犯罪的综合治理研究”（17ZDA148);江西省社会科学规划智库重点项目“江西省金融服务供给侧结构性改革与金融服务创新法律问题研究”（17ZK20
Paradigm of Higher Education Research An Investigation Based on the Academic Community
No full text赵婷婷，北京航空航天大学人文社会科学学院教授,教育学博士。【中文摘要】库恩的范式理论因关注科学研究的实际发生过程而凸显了其社会特性。从这一研究视角出发，基于对学术共同体的考察，有助于更深入地理解高等教育研究范式及其形成的过程和原因。西方高等教育研究不是从教育研究中分化出来的，而是源于社会实践变化的新兴研究，期间经历了批判性研究和调査研究盛行阶段，到今天以政策研究和多学科研究为主。概括起来，高等教育研究主要有三种范式，即理念范式、行动范式和多学科范式，但由于不同国家和地区的学术制度、人才培养制度等的不同，因此其研究范式的特点也不同。我国高等教育研究应跳出学科和研究领域之争，从自身学科范式特点出发进行学科建设。
【Abstract】Kuhn's paradigm theory highlights its social characteristics because it focuses on the actual process of scientific research. From this perspective，based on an investigation of the academic community，this paper analyzes the paradigm of higher education research and its formation process and reasons. This paper argues that Western higher education research is not derived from educational research，but from the emerging research of changes in social practice. During this period，critical research and investigative research were prevalent， and now they mainly focused on policy research and multidisciplinary research. To sum up，there are three paradigms in higher education research， namely， the philosophy paradigm，the action paradigm and the multidisciplinary paradigm. However，due to the differences in academic systems and personnel training systems in different countries and regions，the characteristics of research paradigms are also different.In order to promote the development of higher education in China，it is necessary to rise above the dispute over disciplines and research fields and shift to the characteristic of a discipline paradigm
Electrochemical Engineering of Carbon Nanodots
No full text作为零维碳基发光纳米材料,碳点是对现有发光纳米材料的重要补充. 精准控制粒径及表面结构对实现碳点的性质调控及其应用至关重要. 本文介绍了本课题组在利用电化学方法研究荧光碳点方面的进展. 重点展示了利用电化学方法实现对碳点粒径的控制,对表面氧化程度的调节以及对其发光机理的研究. 电化学方法可对只有几纳米厚度的材料表面进行有效的控制,可操作性强且经济环保. 通过对碳点的粒径及表面的调控,作者也进一步揭示了碳点的发光与表面结构的相关性. 这些工作为碳点的合成及其性质调控提供了可循的规律,有利于推动碳点在生物医生成像、传感检测、催化及能源转化等领域的应用.Carbon nanodots (CNDs), as zero-dimensional carbonaceous fluorescent nanomaterials, are valuable add-ons to the current cohorts of fluorescent nanoparticles. The fine control over the size and the surface is the key to gain designated photophysical properties of CNDs as well as empowers CNDs in many applications. Herein, a series of electrochemical strategies to manipulate the size and the surface of CNDs and to identify the surface structures was presented. Accordingly, the understandings on the originals of photoluminescence as well as the pathways of electrochemiluminescence of CNDs were revealed. These studies demonstrated that electrochemical methods were easy to operate, cost-effective and efficient in altering thin layers of the surface on CNDs within a few nanometers. The key findings in the luminescence mechanism provided guidelines for the rational design of CNDs with suitable features, which could promote applications of CNDs in bioimaging, sensing and catalytic conversion.通讯作者:庞代文E-mail:[email protected]:PANGDai-WenE-mail:[email protected].澳大利亚皇家墨尔本理工大学工程学院,墨尔本, 澳大利亚 30012.南开大学化学学院,分析科学研究中心,生物传感及分子识别天津市重点实验室,天津 3000711. School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia2. State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. Chin
Porous-Electrode Theory of Lithium Ion Battery: Old Paradigm and New Challenge
No full text本文总结了Newman多孔电极理论的基本内容,提出若干改进思路. 提出基于离子-空穴耦合传输机制描述浓电解质中的离子输运过程,在此基础上引入离子-电子耦合转移反应的思想处理电极材料中的离子传输问题,并通过计算嵌锂材料的离子扩散系数验证其合理性. 总结了描述多孔电极多尺度结构的相关理论和技术,表明均质化方法和基于结构重建的介观模拟方法均能给出比较合理的有效输运参数,从而提高多孔电极理论模拟结果的准确性.A critical review on the porous electrode theory developed by Newman and his colleagues is presented. We propose several ideas for further development of this theory by analyzing its limitations. The classical Newman theory does not consider ion steric effect in describing ion transport in electrolyte solutions, which can be amended by a newly developed ion-vacancy coupled charge transfer model for ion transport in concentrated solutions. Ion transport in solid particles of active materials is essentially an ion-electron coupled transport process, and its rationality is verified by comparing the calculated and experimental diffusion coefficients of Li + ion in intercalation materials. The methods for describing multiscale structures of porous electrodes and the theories of porous structure reconstruction are summarized, and their applications in determining the effective transport parameters are presented and discussed. We would like to point out that further development remains necessary for porous electrode theory, especially with the emerging of new materials and systems to meet high energy and power density. A number of issues associated with/raised by high working current densities should be considered, for instances, nonlinear non-equilibrium mass transportation, overlapping of electrical double layer (EDL) and mass transport layer, the interfacial charge transfer kinetics, the fusion of phase and interface, the phase transformation of electrode materials in the process of charging and discharging, and the coupling among electrochemical, thermal and mechanical properties and processes. It is our consensus to build a universal theoretical framework that can contain electrochemistry, thermodynamics and mechanics in the electrochemical systems, with careful consideration of microscopic mechanisms for charge and mass transfer in different spatial and temporal domains.国家自然科学基金项目(21832004);国家自然科学基金项目(21773175);国家自然科学基金项目(21673163)通讯作者:黄俊,陈胜利E-mail:[email protected];[email protected]:HUANGJun,CHENSheng-liE-mail:[email protected];[email protected].武汉大学化学与分子科学学院,湖北 武汉 4300722.中南大学化学化工学院,湖南 长沙 4100831. Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China2. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Chin
Hidden Intermediate State and Second Pathway Determining Folding and Unfolding Dynamics of GB1 Protein at Low Forces
Get PDF厦门大学物理学系陈虎教授与吴晨旭教授，在蛋白质折叠与去折叠动力学方面取得新的研究进展，发现典型的两态模型蛋白质GB1在折叠去折叠过程中会经过一个不稳定的隐藏中间态，并且在自然状态与这个中间态之间存在两条不同的转变路径。
厦门大学物理系博士生郭子龙是文章第一作者，陈虎和吴晨旭老师为通讯作者，南京大学曹毅教授和王炜教授在样品制备方面和实验设计方面做出重要贡献。【Abstract】Atomic force microscopy experiments found that GB1, a typical two-state model protein used for study of folding and unfolding dynamics, can sustain forces of more than 100 pN, but its response to low forces still remains unclear. Using ultrastable magnetic tweezers, we discovered that GB1 has an unexpected nonmonotonic force-dependent unfolding rate at 5–160 pN, from which a free energy landscape with two main barriers and a hidden intermediate state was constructed. A model combining two separate models by Dudko et al. with two pathways between the native state and this intermediate state is proposed to rebuild the unfolding dynamics over the full experimental force range. One candidate of this transient intermediate state is the theoretically proposed molten globule state with a loosely collapsed conformation, which might exist universally in the folding and unfolding processes of two-state proteins.This research was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 11874309, No. 11474237, and No. 11574310 to H. C.) and the 111 Project (B16029)
Image History of Taiwan in China Pictorial during the 40-Year-Long Cold War
No full text侯松涛,中国政法大学马克思主义学院副教授,历史学博士。【中文摘要】在图像史视角下的观察中，《人民画报》冷战四十年的台湾图像，以可视性历史的形式，一方面呈现了冷战时代两极宣传对战的典型样征，另一方面，也隐含着中国大陆方面致力于摆脱冷战思维,形成理性基础上的涉台宣传取向，引导大陆民众客观认知台湾。对冷战时代宣传战的评判,需要从冷战到后冷战时代长时段进行观察。在跳脱冷战思维的前提下形成两岸关系的和 平发展,应该是双方甚至多方努力的结果。
【Abstract】Observed from the perspective of the history of images，the image history of Taiwan in China Pictorial during the 40-year-long Cold War is a form of visual history. On one hand，it shows the typical samples of the two sides in a propaganda standoff during the Cold War. On the other hand，it reveals the logical context that the Chinese mainland was committed to eliminating the Cold War mentality and forming a rational Taiwan - related propaganda orientation so as to guide its people to understand Taiwan objectively. To judge the propaganda war in the Cold War era，we need a long-term perspective from the Cold War to the post-Cold War era. The peaceful development of cross-strait relations on the premise of eliminating the Cold War mentality should be the result of the efforts of both sides and even many parties.教育部人文社科基金项目“中共建国初期的社会舆论治理研究——以地方性档案史料为基础”(17YJA770009);北京高校中国特色社会主义理论研究协同创新中心（中国政法大学）资助项目
Fundamental understanding and applications of plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
No full text表面等离激元增强拉曼光谱（PERS）是表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）、壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱（SHINERS）和针尖增强拉曼光谱（TERS）等光谱技术的统称。该综述系统介绍了利用局域表面等离激元共振效应来增强拉曼信号的基本原理、优点和局限性，介绍了近年PERS在增强效应和空间分辨率方面的突破性进展，以及为揭示这些突破常规认识而不断涌现的新物理机制。综述进一步从实验者的视角分析如何提升灵敏度和正确理解PERS结果，并展示了PERS在材料表征、生物分析以及表面和界面研究中的最新应用。任斌教授课题组一直致力发展PERS新方法和仪器。此PDF文章为接收前的修改稿，终稿的文章题名也被Nature Reviews Physics volume编辑所修改，终稿PDF请访问官方链接（ https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-020-0171-y ）。Plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (PERS), including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has received increasing interest. It can provide fingerprint information on target materials with sensitivity down to the single-molecule level, and with sufficient spatial resolution to observe individual vibration modes. Over the past four decades, PERS has found important applications in surfaces and interfaces, analytical sciences (including small molecules, biomolecules, and living cells), and material sciences. In this Technical Review, we survey the basic principles, advantages, and limitations of using the localized surface plasmon resonance to boost the PERS, and provide the insights gained from the understanding of the electromagnetic enhancement and chemical enhancement. We then discuss practical issues that may significantly influence the sensitivity and the correct understanding of PERS results. We overview the state-of-the-art PERS applications in surfaces and interfaces, materials, and biology. We provide troubleshooting methods that may be helpful in practical experiments, based on our own experiences. We conclude with the future trends and issues to be addressed for the further development of PERS techniques.The authors are deeply grateful to S. Matthew for help in editing of the manuscript. The authors acknowledge the financial supports from NSFC (21633005, 21790354, and 21711530704), MOST of China (2016YFA0200601), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622062), and Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2016J05046).工作得到国家自然科学基金委和科技部等长期的支持
DNA-directed nanofabrication of high-performance carbon nanotube field-effect transistors
Get PDF生物自组装结构具有精细的三维形貌，其关键结构参数小于光刻等传统纳米加工手段的分辨率极限。利用自组装的生物分子为加工模板，已经实现了金属、碳基、氧化物等材料的形貌可控合成。然而，基于生物模板的电学器件，其性能往往远落后于通过蚀刻或薄膜方法制备的同类器件，并且缺乏长程取向规整性，制约了生物模板在高性能器件中的应用。针对上述挑战，我校化学化工学院朱志教授课题组与北京大学孙伟研究员课题组、清华大学唐建石研究员课题组、美国国家标准与技术研究院郑明博士合作，探索了生物-碳纳米管复合界面及大面积取向排列的调控新方法。北京大学孙伟研究员团队长期从事核酸引导的精准纳米组装研究，厦门大学朱志教授团队长期从事微纳加工及微流控研究，双方紧密合作，优势互补，联合清华大学和美国国家标准与技术研究院等多团队联合攻关完成该工作。共同第一作者厦门大学化学化工学院2011协同创新中心博士研究生陈雅鸿负责了碳纳米管组装及大面积阵列化工作，孙伟研究员和朱志教授为论文的共同通讯作者。Biofabricated semiconductor arrays exhibit smaller channel pitches than existing lithographic feasibility. However, the metal ions within biolattices and the submicrometer dimensions of typical biotemplates result in both poor transport performance and small array uniformity. Using DNA-templated parallel carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays as model systems, we developed a rinsing-after-fixing approach to improve the key transport performance metrics by more than a factor of 10 folds over previous biotemplated field-effect transistors. We also used spatially confined placement of assembled CNT arrays within polymethyl methacrylate cavities to demonstrate centimeter-scale alignment. At the interface of high-performance electronics and biomolecular self-assembly, current approaches may enable scalable biotemplated electronics sensitive to local biological environments.W.S.,M.Z., Y.C., K.W., and Z.Z. acknowledge the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21875003, 21991134, and 61621061) and PKU for financial support. Y.C., C.Y., and Z.Z. acknowledge the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21775128, 21435004, and 21974113) for financial support. J.K.S., J.A.F., and M.Z. acknowledge NIST internal fund. 该研究工作得到国家自然科学基金等资助
Feasibility of reconstructing the basin-scale sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide from sparse in situ observations over the South China Sea
No full textThe data set provides the data used in the paper. The data set includes the gridded in situ sea surface pCO2 data with a grid resolution of 0.5º×0.5º for the summers of 2000-2017 in the (5-25º N, 109-122º E) region that covers most of the South China Sea. The summer data are the June-August mean for each year in 2000-2017 excluding 2002, 2003, 2010, 2011 and 2013. The names of these files start with pCO2_variance. Also included are the gridded remote-sensing derived sea surface pCO2 data with a grid resolution of 0.5º×0.5º for the summers of 2000-2014 in the (5-25º N, 109-122º E) region. The names of these files start with pCO2_rs.Sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) data with high spatial-temporal resolution are important in studying the global carbon cycle and assessing the oceanic carbon uptake capacity. However, the observed sea surface pCO2 data are usually limited in spatial and temporal coverage, especially in marginal seas. This study provides an approach to reconstruct the full sea surface pCO2 field in the South China Sea (SCS) with a grid resolution of 0.5º×0.5º over the period of 2000-2017 using both remote-sensing derived pCO2 and observed pCO2. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) were computed from the remote sensing derived pCO2. Then, a multilinear regression was applied to the observed pCO2 as the response variable with the EOFs as the explanatory variables. EOF1 explains the general spatial pattern of pCO2 in the SCS. EOF2 shows the pattern influenced by the Pearl River plume on the northern shelf and slope. EOF3 is consistent with the pattern influenced by coastal upwelling along the north coast of the SCS. The reconstructions always agree with observations. When pCO2 observations cover a sufficiently large area, the reconstructed fields successfully display a pattern of relatively high pCO2 in the mid-and-southern basin. The rate of sea surface pCO2 increase in the SCS is 2.383 uatm per year based on the spatial average of the reconstructed pCO2 over the period of 2000-2017.The work by Guizhi Wang, Yan Bai, Xianghui Guo, and Minhan Dai was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2015CB954001). The observed pCO2 data in 2004, 2005 and 2006 were collected under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40521003). Acknowledgement for the data support from “National Earth System Science Data Sharing Infrastructure, National Science & Technology Infrastructure of China (http://www.geodata.cn)”