173581 research outputs found
Sort by
System Construction of China's Ecological Constitution in the New Era
No full text张震，西南政法大学行政法学院教授、博士生导师，法学博士。【中文摘要】为更好服务生态文明法治建设的实践，形成有助于中国积极参与全球环境治理的生态法治话语体系,有必要提出生态宪法学的概念。作为一门新的子学科，生态宪法学应确定自己的学科定位与基本范畴。生态宪法学属于部门宪法学，与环境法学、生态法学等形成交叉学科。生态人、生态权利与义务、生态行为以及生态制度构成了生态宪法学的四大基本范畴。当前，生态宪法学研究的现实意义在于为推动我国生态文明建设迈上新台阶提供宪法和法律保障综合方案，理论意义在于为生态文明法治提供适足的理论体系。
【Abstract】In order to better serve the legal construction of eco-civilization and form a discourse system of ecological rule of law conducive to China's participation in global environmental governance，it is necessary to propose the concept of ecological constitutional law. As a new subdiscipline，the subject orientation and basic category of ecological constitutional law should be clearly defined. Ecological constitutional law is a branch of constitutional law，forming an interdisciplinary subject with environmental law and ecological law. Ecological man，ecological rights and obligations， ecological behavior and ecological institutions constitute the four basic categories of ecological constitutional law. At present，the practical significance of the study of ecological constitution lies in providing a comprehensive scheme of constitutional and legal protection for elevating the
construction of ecological civilization to a new level，while the theoretical significance lies in providing an adequate theoretical system for the rule of law of ecological civilization.国家社会科学基金规划项目“生态文明入宪研究” (19BFX158
Institution,Culture and Location Choice of Chinese OFDI in the “Belt and Road”Countries:An Empirical Analysis of Panel Data Based on Threshold Models
No full text林季红，厦门大学经济学院教授、博士生导师，经济学博士；刘莹， 湖南工商大学经济与贸易学院讲师，经济学博士。【中文摘要】“一带一路”沿线国家已然成为当前中国企业对外直接投资的重要方向。基于2005—2016年中国对外直接投资（OFDI)跨国面板数据，可考察影响中国对“一带一路”沿线国家直接投资区位选择的东道国制度与文化因素。研究发现：中国OFDI倾向流入腐败控制水平较低和监管质量较差的东道国；双边权力距离差距加大会吸引中国OFDI进入，个人主义/集体主义、男性度与女性度、长期取向与短期取向的双边差异加大则会阻碍中国OFDI进入。运用Hansen门槛模型进一步考察制度和文化的互动关系及其影响发现:文化对制度具有补充效应，双边文化差异缩小可以减弱东道国腐败控制水平对中国OFDI的负效应，但该负效应的衰减呈现出非线性特点;而随着双边文化差异扩大，中国OFDI流入倾向于选择监管质量相对较高的“一带一路”沿线国家。
【Abstract】Countries along the “Belt and Road”have become major recipients of Chinese enterprises’ overseas foreign direction investment (OFDI). Based on the multinational panel data of Chinese OFDI from 2005 to 2016，this paper explores the relationship between institution，culture and the location choice of Chinese OFDI in the “Belt and Road” countries. The results show that China's OFDI tends to flow into host countries with low levels of corruption control and poor regulatory quality，and that a bigger bilateral power distance gap results in increased Chinese OFDI inflows，while greater bilateral differences between individualism and collectivism，masculinity and femininity，long-rterm and short-rterm orientation hinder Chinese OFDI inflows. Using the Hansen threshold regression model，we further study the interaction between institution，culture and their impacts on Chinese OFDI. The results indicate that culture has a complementary effect on in¬stitution. The negative effect of the host country's corruption control level on China's OFDI will decrease non - rlinearly with the narrowing of the bilateral cultural differences.With the expansion of bilateral cultural differences，China's OFDI inflows tend to favor countries with relatively high regulatory quality.湖南省哲学社会科学基金一般项目“中国制造业海外投资国家风险防控体系研究” (17YBA248)；国家社会科学基金青年项目“发展中大国经济开放度选择与开放路径研究”（14CJL015
Construction and Electrochemical Performance of Garnet-Type Solid Electrolyte/Al-Li Alloy Interface
No full text本文通过在锂负极中熔入少量铝制备了一种含Al-Li合金（Al4Li9）的新型复合锂负极,可有效改善Garnet/金属锂界面润湿性,从而显著降低了界面阻抗. XRD研究结果表明这一复合锂负极由Al4Li9合金和金属锂两相复合而成. SEM研究表明,复合锂负极可以有效改善金属锂与Garnet电解质的界面接触,形成更为紧密的接触界面. 电化学测试表明,复合锂负极显著降低了金属锂与Garnet电解质的界面阻抗,界面阻抗由锂/Garnet电解质界面的740.6 Ω·cm 2降低到复合锂负极/Garnet电解质界面的75.0 Ω·cm 2. 使用复合锂负极制备的对称电池在50 μA·cm -2和100 μA·cm -2电流密度锂沉积-溶出过程中表现出较低的极化和良好的循环稳定性,在50 μA·cm -2电流密度下,可以稳定循环超过400小时.Garnet-type solid electrolyte is a newly developed Li ion conductor and promising in the application of all-solid-state batteries. However, Garnet is incompatible with Li anode, which restricts the application of Garnet-type solid batteries. In order to improve the contact between Garnet-type solid electrolyte and Li electrode, a composite anode which contains Al-Li alloy (Al4Li9) was prepared as an electrode. Al-Li alloy has many advantages such as easy preparation, low cost, simple post-treatment and high capacity. Garnet-type Li6.5La3Zr1.75W0.25O12 (LLZWO) was synthesized via solid-state reaction. Garnet solid electrolyte has poor interfacial wettability with lithium, but has good interfacial wettability with Al-Li alloy. By using Al-Li alloy as an electrode, the contact between LLZWO and Li electrodes could be well improved. SEM images also confirmed that Al-Li alloy and Garnet had a sufficient interface contact. On the other side, the interface resistance could be dramatically reduced. Impedance spectra show that the interface resistance between Al-Li alloy and Garnet reduced from 740.6 Ω·cm 2 to 75.0 Ω·cm 2, which is only one-tenth of interface resistance between Li alloy and Garnet. Symmetric cell with Al-Li alloy and Garnet showed excellent and stable cycle performance with almost 0 polarization voltage when cycling at a current density between 50 μA·cm -2 and 100 μA·cm -2. At a current density of 50 μA·cm -2, the cell cycled 400 hours stably without formation of lithium dendrite.国家自然科学基金(No.21875196);国家自然科学基金(No.21303147);国家重点研发计划(No.2018YFB0905400)通讯作者:杨勇E-mail:[email protected]:YANGYongE-mail:[email protected]厦门大学化学化工学院,福建 厦门 361005College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Chin
NiO@rGO Supported Palladium and Silver Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
No full text为了促进燃料电池的广泛应用,必须研发一种高效、经济的氧还原（ORR）催化剂材料替代目前使用的昂贵的Pt基催化剂. 本文合成了NiO@rGO、Pd-NiO@rGO和Ag-NiO@rGO三种催化剂材料,并对其ORR催化性能进行了比较研究. 结果表明,三种材料均具有催化ORR的能力,但与NiO@rGO相比,Pd-NiO@rGO和Ag-NiO@rGO展示了更加优异的性能,主要表现在其4电子转移ORR过程、起始电位增加,中间产物的产率降低和稳定性提高. 其中,Pd-NiO@rGO作为ORR催化剂的性能最好.For pervasive applications of fuel cells, highly efficient and economical materials are required to replace Pt-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this study, the NiO@rGO, Pd-NiO@rGO and Ag-NiO@rGO nanoparticles were synthesized, and their catalytic performances toward ORR were investigated. The results revealed that all the three materials were capable of catalyzing ORR, but both the Pd-NiO@rGO and Ag-NiO@rGO showed the better performances compared with the NiO@rGO in terms of the reaction pathway being 4-electron process, the increases of the onset potential and the intermediate yielding rate, as well as the extended stability. Moreover, the effect of Pd modification was superior to that of Ag.通讯作者:黄太仲,原鲜霞E-mail:[email protected];[email protected]:HUANGTai-zhong,YUANXian-xiaE-mail:[email protected];[email protected]. 济南大学化学化工学院,山东省氟化学化工重点实验室,山东 济南 2500222. 上海交通大学化学工程系,上海 2002401. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry Material, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, Chin
Stylistic Concept and Transformation of Notes on Poets and Poetry of Modern Press:With a Focus on Shao Zuping,Chen Yan,Wang Yitang,Huang Kan and Yu Biyun
No full text任竞泽，陕西师范大学文学院教授、博士生导师，陕西文化资源开发协同创新中心研究员，文学博士。【中文摘要】历代诗话是中国古代文体理论的渊薮，而近代报刊诗话则是近代文学及历代诗话的重要组成部分。由于其所具有的融合古今中西文学文化的时代特色，近代报刊诗话也成为“诗话 学”及“文体学”由传统向近现代转型的一个标志。近代报刊诗话中的文体观念主要由“先体格而后神致”的“体制为先”辨体理论、分类与辨体的批评实践、“以文为诗” “以诗为词” “以古入律”的破体观念、“变而不失其正”的辨体通变观，以及“文章与世运递降”的文体发展论等几个方面构建而成。
【Abstract】Notes on poets and poetry of the past dynasties is the source of ancient stylistic theory in China，while notes on poets and poetry of modern press is an important part of the modern literature and the notes on poets and poetry of the past dynasties. Because of its characteristics of integrating ancient and modern Chinese and Western literature and culture， it has also become a symbol of the transition of the “study of notes on poets and poetry” and the “study of stylistics” from tradition to modern times. The stylistic concepts in the notes on poets and poetry of modern press include the following aspects :the stylistic analysis theory of “style in the first place and the charm in the second” ；the critical practice of the stylistic classification and stylistic analysis； “to compose poetry in the manner of prose”，“to compose ci in the manner of poetry” and “to compose metrical poems in the manner of the ancient body of poetry” in the broken style of ideas; the stylistic dialectic view of “changing without losing integrity” ； and the stylistic development theory of “articles changing with the times”国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“中国古代文体观念文献整理与研究” (18ZDA236
Welfare and Emission Effects of Asymmetric Emission Reduction and Trade Liberalization in North and South Countries
No full text彭水军，厦门大学经济学院特聘教授、博士生导师；王利杰，厦门大学经济学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】气候变化问题日益成为国际社会普遍关注的重大全球性问题。基于异质性企业贸易 理论框架，研究南北国家在不对称减排背景下采取削减关税和降低冰山运输成本两种形式的贸易 自由化对南北国家的贸易竞争力、产品消费福利以及碳排放的影口向，可发现：（1）北方发达国家先行减排使得其贸易竞争力不会下降反而上升，碳排放下降的同时恶化了其产品消费福利，而南方发展中国家的贸易竞争力下降，碳排放提高的同时产品消费福利降低；（2）南北国家单边关税削减，或者是对称性地降低冰山运输成本均会提高南北国家的贸易竞争力，表现为该国出口临界生产率的下降以及出口企业数目的增加，并且可以同时实现南北国家产品消费福利提升和碳减排的 “双赢”，有效解决不对称减排所导致的“碳泄漏”问题。因此，无论是在“京都减排模式”下，还是在《巴黎协定》框架下，南北国家都应该积极推进贸易自由化便利化，而不是采取单边主义和贸易保护主义行为。
【Abstract】Based on the framework of heterogeneous enterprise trade theory，this paper studies the impact of trade liberalization on the trade competitiveness，product consumption welfare and carbon emissions of the north and south countries under the background of asymmetric emission reduction by cutting tariffs and reducing iceberg transportation costs. The research finds that:(1) the trade competitiveness of the developed countries in the north will not decline but rise，while their carbon emissions will decline and the welfare of their products consumption will worsen ； the trade competitiveness of the developing countries in the south will decline and their products consumption welfare will decrease，while their carbon emissions will increase； (2) unilateral tariff reduction or lower symmetric iceberg transport costs of the north and south countries will increase their trade competitiveness，as the countries’ critical productivity in exports declines and the number of export enterprises rises，and it can also realize the countries' product consumption welfare increase and carbon emission reduction “win-win”，effectively solving the problem of “carbon leakage” caused by asymmetric emission reduction. Therefore，both the north and south countries should actively promote trade liberalization and facilitation under the Kyoto emission reduction model and the Paris Agreement，rather than resorting to unilateralism and trade protectionism.国家社会科学基金重大项目“气候变化与国际贸易问题研究”（13&ZD167);福建省社会科学规划项目“福建省外贸增长的能源环境成本评估及政策研究” (FJ2017B037
The Forward Shifting of Criminal Law Protection and Its Restriction from the Perspective of Economic Crime
No full text刘炯，厦门大学法学院助理教授，法学博士。【中文摘要】为了更好实现法益保护的规范目的，刑法保护前置化在经济刑法中受到前所未有的重视。考察其内部构造，“重心前提”和“防线前移”是其双轮驱动。前者将集体法益作为个人法益保护的前阶，实现了“法益的普遍化”后者将可罚性前置到法益抽象危险阶段，反映出“危险的抽象化”。刑法保护前置化因应了经济风险管理的现实诉求，同时又兼顾了经济犯罪的法定犯和经济性特性，故得以在经济刑法中大放异彩。但其也可能因违背刑法谦抑性等基本原则，造成刑法治理在经济领域的过度介入，成为妨碍经济自由和经济发展的不利因素。为此，需从集体法益的具体化和抽象危险的限定化角度入手，使得其在经济刑法中的适用不至过于泛滥。
【Abstract】The forward shifting of criminal law protection plays an important role in economic criminal law for the purpose of providing better legal interest protection. There are two ways in which criminal law protection can be shifted forward. One is to take collective legal interest as the precondition of personal interest，which means expanding the scope of legal interest. The other way is to punish pure abstract dangerous behaviors so as to reflect the substance of abstracted endangerment. The forward shifting of criminal law protection has become increasingly important in economic criminal law because of the requirements of economic risk management and the characters of economic crime. The forward shifting of criminal law protection can hamper economic development and freedom as well，because it may breach the restraining criminal law principles and criminal law may become excessive intervention in the economy. Therefore，we should restrain its application in economic criminal law by concretizing collective legal interest and restricting the crimes of abstract endangerment.国家社会科学基金重大项目“网络金融犯罪的综合治理”（17ZDA148);国家社会科学基金青年项目 “风险社会与刑法立法科学化研究” (16CFX023
Constitutional Amendments and Myanmar Political Evolution:Trajectory and Orientation
No full text林达丰，厦门大学东南亚研究中心/南洋研究院讲师，法学博士 ；范宏伟，厦门大学东南亚研究中心/南洋研究院教授、博士生导师，历史学博士。【中文摘要】缅甸现行宪法于2008年由当时执政的军政府历时十五年起草颁布，该法赋予了军方特殊的政治地位。2011年，缅甸民主化转型之后，缅军只是表面上退出了政治，缅甸进入了军政 “双头政治”的格局。2019年1月，缅甸执政党全国民主联盟启动修宪，试图改变这一局面。然而，这一努力不出意外地在2020年3月遭遇失败。修宪本质是如何处理军人在缅甸政治中的角色与作用问题。军人在缅甸政治中的重要作用，来自尚未完成的民族国家建构困境，有长期、深厚的历史根源。2008年宪法实际也是缅甸独立60年发展史、近半个世纪军人执政历史的逻辑结果和延伸。民盟也充分意识到这一点，主张通过渐进、协商的方式修宪。此次修宪更多是民盟为了应对2020年11月大选的策略，以恢复、强化选民对民盟民主化改革意志的信心和决心，打击和分化军方-巩发阵营。
【Abstract】Myanmar's current constitution was approved in 2008，under which the Tatmadaw retains significant control of the government. In January 2019，the NLD initiated constitutional amendment. It failed unsurprisingly in March 2020. The military's constitutional role has its roots firmly embedded in Myanmar s unfinished nation -building impasse. Thus，the 2008 constitution is an expression of a specific context with historical and cultural implications，which the NLD with its political insights well appreciates. The NLD claims that it will push the constitutional amendment only through negotiations. As a result，it is a pre-campaign maneuver，intended to consolidate its pre-campaign status as democratic transition leader and its popularity over other opposition political groups.教育部人文社科重点研究基地项目“冷战时期中国与东南亚关系编年史” (18JJD770002
From the Tax Business Environment to Taxes in the Business Environment
No full text江红义，海南大学政治与公共管理学院教授，法学博士；李敏，国家税务总局纳税服务司涉税服务监管处一级调研员。【中文摘要】近年来，我国税务机关在优化营商环境中推出系列举措，可是这些辛勤付出与世界银行营商环境指标体系中的纳税指标所显示的绩效存在一定背离。其原因在于纳税指标仅指狭义税收营商环境，而广义税收营商环境则是指营商环境中的税收，即世界银行营商环境指标体系中，除了办理施工许可证与获得电力两个一级指标以外，其余各一级指标无不涉及税收相关内容。只有对税收营商环境做出狭义与广义理解，才能有效提升关于营商环境及税收营商环境的认识水平,正确认识税务机关在优化营商环境中的特殊作用,进而抓住优化营商环境的要点所在。
【Abstract】In recent years，China’s tax authorities have launched a series of measures to optimize the business environment ，but these efforts deviate from the performance of the “paying taxes” indicator in the World Bank's business environment indicator system. The reason is that the “paying taxes” indicator only refers to the narrow sense of the tax business environment，while in the broad sense，the tax business environment refers to taxation in the business environment. In the World Bank's business environment index system，except for the two first-level indicators of “dealing with construction permits” and “getting electricity”，all other first -level indicators are tax-related. Only by obtaining an understanding of the tax business environment in both the narrow and broad senses，can we effectively improve the level of understanding of the business environment and the tax business environment，acquire a correct understanding of the special role of tax authorities in optimizing the business environment，and then grasp the key to optimizing the business environment.国家社会科学基金项目“基于税收民主的新时代我国地方税体系构建研究”（18XZZ017);海南省人文社科重点研究基地“海南地方治理研究中心”资助项目