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Genomic Insights into the Formation of Human Populations in East Asia
Get PDF厦门大学人类学研究所、厦门大学生命科学学院细胞应激生物学国家重点实验室王传超教授课题组与哈佛医学院David Reich教授团队合作，联合全球43个单位的85位共同作者组成的国际合作团队通过古DNA精细解析东亚人群形成历史。研究人员利用古DNA数据检验了东亚地区农业和语言共扩散理论，综合考古学、语言学等证据，该研究系统性地重构了东亚人群的形成、迁徙和混合历史。这是目前国内开展的东亚地区最大规模的考古基因组学研究，此次所报道的东亚地区古人基因组样本量是以往国内研究机构所发表的样本量总和的两倍，改变了东亚地区尤其是中国境内考古基因组学研究长期滞后的局面。
该研究是由王传超教授团队与哈佛医学院（David Reich教授）、德国马普人类历史科学研究所（Johannes Krause教授）、复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室（李辉教授和金力院士）、维也纳大学进化人类学系（Ron Pinhasi副教授）、南洋理工大学人文学院（Hui-Yuan Yeh助理教授）、俄罗斯远东联邦大学科学博物馆（Alexander N Popov研究员）、西安交通大学（张虎勤教授）、蒙古国国家博物馆研究中心、乌兰巴托国立大学考古系、华盛顿大学人类学系、台湾成功大学考古所、加州大学人类学系等全球43个单位的85位共同作者组成的国际合作团队联合完成的。厦门大学人类学研究所、厦门大学生命科学学院细胞应激生物学国家重点实验室为论文第一完成单位。厦门大学人类学研究所韦兰海副教授、胡荣助理教授、郭健新博士后、何光林博士后和杨晓敏硕士参与了研究工作。The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood due to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people1,2. We report genome-wide data from 166 East Asians dating to 6000 BCE-1000 CE and 46 present-day groups. Hunter-gatherers from Japan, the Amur River Basin, and people of Neolithic and Iron Age Taiwan and the Tibetan plateau are linked by a deeply-splitting lineage likely reflecting a Late Pleistocene coastal migration. We follow Holocene expansions from four regions. First, hunter-gatherers of Mongolia and the Amur River Basin have ancestry shared by Mongolic and Tungusic language speakers but do not carry West Liao River farmer ancestry contradicting theories that their expansion spread these proto-languages. Second, Yellow River Basin farmers at ～3000 BCE likely spread Sino-Tibetan languages as their ancestry dispersed both to Tibet where it forms up ～84% to some groups and to the Central Plain where it contributed ～59-84% to Han Chinese. Third, people from Taiwan ～1300 BCE to 800 CE derived ～75% ancestry from a lineage also common in modern Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic speakers likely deriving from Yangtze River Valley farmers; ancient Taiwan people also derived ～25% ancestry from a northern lineage related to but different from Yellow River farmers implying an additional north-to-south expansion. Fourth, Yamnaya Steppe pastoralist ancestry arrived in western Mongolia after ～3000 BCE but was displaced by previously established lineages even while it persisted in western China as expected if it spread the ancestor of Tocharian Indo-European languages. Two later gene flows affected western Mongolia: after ～2000 BCE migrants with Yamnaya and European farmer ancestry, and episodic impacts of later groups with ancestry from Turan.We thank David Anthony, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Katherine Brunson, Rowan Flad, Pavel Flegontov,Qiaomei Fu, Wolfgang Haak, Iosif Lazaridis, Mark Lipson, Iain Mathieson, Richard Meadow,Inigo Olalde, Nick Patterson, Pontus Skoglund, Dan Xu, and the four reviewers for valuable comments. We thank Naruya Saitou and the Asian DNA Repository Consortium for sharing genotype data from present-day Japanese groups. We thank Toyohiro Nishimoto and Takashi Fujisawa from the Rebun Town Board of Education for sharing the Funadomari Jomon samples, and Hideyo Tanaka and Watru Nagahara from the Archeological Center of Chiba City who are excavators of the Rokutsu Jomon site. The excavations at Boisman-2 site (Boisman culture), the Pospelovo-1 site (Yankovsky culture), and the Roshino-4 site (Heishui Mohe culture) were funded by the Far Eastern Federal University and the Institute of History,Archaeology and Ethnology Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; research on Pospelovo-1 is funded by RFBR project number 18-09-40101. C.C.W was funded by the Max Planck Society, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31801040), the Nanqiang Outstanding Young Talents Program of Xiamen University (X2123302), the Major project of National Social Science Foundation of China (20&ZD248), a European Research Council (ERC) grant to Dan Xu (ERC-2019-ADG-883700-TRAM) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZK1144). O.B. and Y.B. were funded by Russian Scientific Foundation grant 17-14-01345. H.M. was supported by the grant JSPS 16H02527. M.R. and C.C.W received funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No 646612) to M.R. The research of C.S. is supported 30 by the Calleva Foundation and the Human Origins Research Fund. H.L was funded NSFC (91731303, 31671297), B&R International Joint Laboratory of Eurasian Anthropology (18490750300). J.K. was funded by DFG grant KR 4015/1-1, the Baden Württemberg Foundation, and the Max Planck Institute. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon dating work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (BCS-1460369) to D.J.K. and B.J.C. D.R. was funded by NSF grant BCS-1032255, NIH (NIGMS) grant GM100233, the Paul M. Allen Frontiers Group, John Templeton Foundation grant 61220, a gift from Jean-Francois Clin, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
该研究得到了国家自然科学基金“中国东南各族群的遗传混合”、国家社科基金重大项目“多学科视角下的南岛语族的起源和形成研究”、厦门大学南强青年拔尖人才支持计划A类、中央高校基本科研业务费等资助
Discovery and Research of “Zheng He's Records”in Indonesia Cirebon's Traditional Manuscripts:Comparison of the Two Kronik Tionghoa of Semarang And Cirebon and Other Related Documents
No full text曾玲，厦门大学历史系教授、博士生导师，历史学博士；郭宗华(KOH CHONG WAH)，厦门大学历史系博士研究生。【中文摘要】《三宝垄与井里汶华人编年史》的解禁与重现,使“郑和与印尼爪哇的关系”成为近年来海内外学者关注的课题。然而，仍有学者对该资料的真伪及其与郑和相关内容的可靠性存疑。在印尼爪哇考察时发现另有两份井里汶的传统手稿（Nagara Krethabumi与Sajarah Wali)也提及郑和,故将该两份手稿中有关郑和的内容转译并附上注解。其中，将Nagara Krethabumi中有关郑和到访井里汶的叙述，与《编年史》“井里汶”部分郑和相关叙述进行比对，可知两方叙述有相互呼应之处，再结合中国史料与现有研究对其细节进行验证，进一步肯定两者作为海外郑和文献的史料价值。
【Abstract】Since the unbanning and reappearance of the Two Kronik Tionghoo of Semarang and Cirebon，the relationship between Zheng He and Java in Indonesia has drawn the attention of many scholars at home and abroad. Nevertheless，some scholars still have doubts about the authenticity of the material and the reliability of the narrative accounts related to Zheng He. During our field trip to Java，we found that two other traditional manuscripts of Cirebon {Nagom Krethabumi and Sajarah Wali) also mention Zheng He. Therefore，we translated the contents about Zheng He in the two manuscripts and added annotations. We compared the narrative of Zheng He's visit to Cirebon in Nagara Krethabumi with the narrative of Zheng He in the “Cirebon” part of the Kronik Tionghoa，finding that the two narratives correspond to each other. In addition ，we verified the details by comparing Chinese historical materials with existing research，further confirming the value of these two sources as historical materials evidencing Zheng He's expeditions
On Ci-Poet's Choice of Tunes and Aesthetic Association
No full text刘荣平，厦门大学中文系副教授，文学博士。【中文摘要】词调是华夏民族文学的重要语码,凝聚着华夏民族文学的审美心理，大多数词调能引起优美的联想。词人作词时，他们对词调的审美联想会影响到对词调的选择。词调在声、色两方面如表现出美听和直观的特色，会乐于为受众接受，并有可能成为词作量较多的词调。词调中经常出现的改名现象,并非无意义的行为，而是审美心理的诉求与表达，有些词调改名后，会导致该调创作的兴盛。词调的审美观念在历史的长河中是流动不居的。词调审美是词学研究的重大任务，因为词调是词体的核心要素。
【Abstract】The tunes of Ci-poetry are important codes of Chinese literature，embodying the aesthetic psychology of national literature. The vast majority of the tunes of Ci-poetry can evoke associations with grace and beauty. When Ci-poets create Ci，their aesthetic associations concerning the tunes of Ci tend to influence their choice of tunes. Furthermore，when the tunes of Ci-poetry give strong expressions relating to color and sound， such as acoustic beauty and intuitive features， they are more readily accepted by the audience，leading to a greater output of these tunes. The frequent renaming of tunes is a deliberate expression of aesthetic psychology，rather than a behavior devoid of meaning. Some tunes would flourish after renaming. The aesthetic concept of tunes never remains constant in the sweep of history. The aesthetics judgment of tunes of Ci-poetry is an important mission in Chinese Ci study，as the tunes of Ci-poetry are the core element of Ci-literature.国家社会科学基金项目“词学理论的还原与重构研究” (14BZW011
Reconstruction of the “Revolutionary Nature”of Modern Chinese Literature by the “Discourse of Workers,Peasants and Soldiers”
No full text杨经建，湖南师范大学文学院教授、博士生导师，文学博士。【中文摘要】延安文学在对文学语言的颠覆性实验中确立了“工农兵话语”，并通过对其权威地位的确立,创造出新的文学话语体系。鉴于此,“工农兵话语”既是对“五四”后其他文学话语的转换, 也是文学现代性重构中话语的转向。作为文学表意实践活动的话语，“工农兵话语”在语言表达和呈现方式可以分为三点:语言的革命进化观，语言的经验实证观，语言的实用目的观。三者之间以 “工农兵语言”为扭结体现出内在的逻辑关系，遂使“工农兵语言”成为具有某种先锋实验性的语言资源，进入文学现代性重构的视域。从文学现代性重构角度看,“工农兵话语”是特定历史语境下顺时应势的“革命”选择，其中有合理的一面——文学现代性重构不可或缺的历史环节和现象级存在;同时，由于它谋求的是建立整齐划一的话语言说和写作秩序，从而一定程度上漠视了文学现代性重构的艺术涵容度和审美表现力，以及发展的诸种可能性。
【Abstract】Yan'an Literature established “the discourse of workers，peasants and soldiers” in the subversive experiment of literary language，and created a new literary discourse system by establishing its authoritative position ；In view of this，“the discourse of workers，peasants and soldiers”is not only the transformation of other literary discourses after the May Fourth Movement，but also the turn of discourses in the reconstruction of the modernity of Chinese literature. As the discourse of literary ideographic practice，“the discourse of workers，peasants and soldiers” can be divided into three parts in language expression and presentation ： the revolutionary evolution view of language，empirical view of language and practical purpose view of language，which reflect the inherent logical relationship with “the language of Workers，Peasants and Soldiers” as a kink，thus making “the language of Workers，Peasantt and Soldiers” a language resource with some pioneering experiments and entering the perspective of literary modernity reconstruction. From the perspective of the reconstruction of Literary Modernity，“the discourse of workers，peasants and soldiers” is a arevolutionary” choice in a specific historical context，which has a reasonable side ： the indispensable historical link and phenomenal existence of literary modernity reconstruction. At the same time，because it seeks to establish a uniform order of discourse and writing，it ignores the artistic tolerance and aesthetic expression of the reconstruction of literary modernity，as well as various possibilities of development
Which Gains More from Trade Openness: Big or Small Cities?
No full text邓明，厦门大学经济学院教授、博士生导师，经济学博士；周慧，厦门大学经济学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】学界对国际贸易与劳动力市场之间关系的研究保持浓厚兴趣。中国幅员辽阔，各地区的贸易条件和贸易政策存在较大差异，由此各地区劳动力市场从贸易开放中的获益也不相同。构建一个劳动力流动受限的城市经济模型并分析其均衡结果,可从理论上探讨了贸易开放度冲击对一国内部不同规模城市的劳动力市场的异质性影响。理论分析表明，贸易开放度的提高能够提高城市的就业规模和劳动力工资水平，但这种作用在不同规模的城市存在异质性,贸易开放对就业规模的影响在小城市要大于大城市，对劳动力工资的影响在大城市要大于小城市。基于1999——2007年中国城市面板数据，估算中国不同城市所面临的贸易政策不确定性程度;然后以中国加入WTO后美国授予中国的“永久性正常贸易伙伴关系”为准自然实验,构建双重差分模型和三重差分模型，从贸易不确定下降这一视角实证检验了贸易开放度的提高对城市劳动力市场的影响及其异质性特征。实证研究表明,理论分析结果在中国城市层面是成立的。
【Abstract】This paper theoretically explores the heterogenous impact of trade openness on the labor markets in cities of different sizes within a country. By constructing an economic model with limited labor mobility and analyzing its equilibrium results，the theoretical analysis shows that the increase of trade openness can raise cities’ employment scale and labor wage levels，but these effects are heterogeneous in cities of different sizes. The impact of trade openness on employment scale is greater in small cities than in large cities，whereas the impact of labor wages is greater in large cities than in small cities. We used the Permanent Normal Trade Partnership granted to China by the U. S. following China's accession to the WTO as a quasi-natural experiment，and utilized the 1999——2007 Chinese city panel data. Estimating the degree of trade policy uncertainty faced by different cities in China and constructing a DID model and a DDD model，this paper empirically tests the impact of increased trade openness on the urban labor market and its heterogeneity from the perspective of the decline of trade policy uncertainty. Empirical research demonstrates that the theoretical analysis results of this paper are valid at the Chinese city level.国家自然科学基金面上项目“中间产品进口、技能偏向性技术进步与技能溢价”（7197311)；福建省社会科学规划项目“中国企业劳动生产率差异的技术选择效应与技术吸收效应研究”（FJ2019B136
Industrial Policy, Semin-mandatory Dividends, and Corporate Cash Dividends: Evidence from China's Capital Market
No full text蔡庆丰，厦门大学经济学院教授、博士生导师，经济学博士；陈熠辉，厦门大学经济学院博士研究生；李超，厦门大学经济学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】产业政策对微观企业行为的影响是近年来公司金融研究的热点。以1999一2018年A股上市公司为样本,结合我国资本市场特有的半强制分红政策，可考察产业政策扶持对企业现金股利的影响，研究发现:产业政策对企业现金股利的影响在半强制分红政策实施之前表现出负向抑制作用，而在半强制分红政策实施之后则为正向促进作用,并且这一效应在非国有企业和成长性较高的企业中更为明显。机制研究表明：产业政策会通过促使企业扩大投资净支出和加剧融资约束抑制现金股利的派发，体现为投资抑制效应；而在半强制分红政策实施之后，受产业政策扶持的企业发放更多的现金股利是为了迎合再融资管制的要求，体现为监管迎合效应。
【Abstract】The impact of industrial policies on micro-firm behavior is one of the important research topics at present. Using listed companies in China from the period 1999-2018 as a sample，and in the light of the semi - mandatory dividend policy，this paper examines the impact of industrial policy support on corporate cash dividends. We find that the industrial policy has a negative effect on corporate cash dividends before the implementation of the semi-mandatory dividend policy， while after the implementation of the policy，it shows a positive effect. In addition，we also find that above effect is more obvious in non- state - owned and high-growth companies. Furthermore，investment suppression and finance constraint are two channels by which industrial policies affect corporate cash dividends. However，with the implementation of the semimandatory dividend policy，industrial policies will increase the refinancing needs of companies with more cash dividends.国家社会科学基金重大项目“新常态下金融部门与实体经济良性互动的现代经济治理体系问题研究”（15ZDA028)；中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“政府干预、产业政策与企业行为”(20720181109
Warming stimulates sediment denitrification at the expense of anammox
No full text人类活动引起的活性氮添加已经成为仅次于生物多样性危机的全球第二严重的生态环境问题，而近岸水域生态系统受到的干扰尤为严重。微生物介导的反硝化和厌氧氨氧化是生态系统中两个主要活性氮的移除通路，是地球系统的自净过程。陆海界面的沉积物是脱氮发生的热点场所，在未来全球暖化的背景下，脱氮微生物将直接受到升温的影响，其介导的脱氮速率量级变化将决定近海生态系统的活性氮储库大小，而反硝化与厌氧氨氧化对温度的差异性响应也将通过氧化亚氮释放反馈于气侯。近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室“海洋氮循环与全球变化”创新研究群体、氮循环课题组的最新研究成果，揭示了气温升高将以抑制厌氧氨氧化为代价刺激沉积物反硝化，加剧全球变暖。该研究工作由近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室海洋氮循环课题组完成，氮循环课题组2019届博士生谭萼辉为第一作者，高树基教授为通讯作者。【Abstract】Temperature is one of the fundamental environmental variables governing microbially mediated denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in sediments. The GHG nitrous oxide (N2O) is produced during denitrification, but not by anammox, and knowledge of how these pathways respond to global warming remains limited. Here, we show that warming directly stimulates denitrification-derived N2O production and that the warming response for N2O production is slightly higher than the response for denitrification in subtropical sediments. Moreover, denitrification had a higher optimal temperature than anammox. Integrating our data into a global compilation indicates that denitrifiers are more thermotolerant, whereas anammox bacteria are relatively psychrotolerant. Crucially, recent summer temperatures in low-latitude sediments have exceeded the optimal temperature of anammox, implying that further warming may suppress anammox and direct more of the nitrogen flow towards denitrification and associated N2O production, leading to a positive climate feedback at low latitudes.This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC no. 91851209, 41721005, 41561164019 and 41806092). This is State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science contribution no. melpublication2019349. J.J.M. was supported by the Netherlands Earth System Science Center. 该研究工作获得了国家自然科学基金委“水圈微生物驱动地球元素循环的机制”重大研究计划和“海洋氮循环及全球变化”创新研究群体等项目的资助
An Empirical Study of the Essence of the Lottery Paradox
No full text曹剑波，厦门大学哲学系教授、博士生导师，哲学博士；李静,厦门大学哲学系博士研究生。【中文摘要】彩票悖论是三大归纳悖论之一。探讨彩票悖论的实质,对解答彩票悖论具有重要的意义。无论是经典的彩票悖论还是派生的彩票悖论，之所以被认为是“悖论”是因为对推理的彩票案例持可疑的判断。对可疑的彩票判断产生的原因，现有的解释有确证解释、出错可能性解释和统计解释三种。借用实验哲学的方法，图瑞和弗里德曼用实验证明这三种解释都是难以成立的， 并试图用刻板表述来解释彩票案例产生的原因。理论的、实践的和实证的分析可以证明，彩票悖论并不是真正的悖论。
【Abstract】The lottery paradox is one of the top three induction paradoxes. To solve the lottery paradox，it is essential to explore its essence. The reason why the classic lottery paradox and the derived lottery paradox are considered a paradoxes” is that the judgment of the reasoning lottery case is skeptical. There are three kinds of explanations for skeptical lottery judgment：explanation of justification，explanation of error likelihood，and explanation of statistics.Using the method of experimental philosophy，John Turri and Ori Friedman proved that these three explanations are untenable； they endeavored to explain the reasons of lottery cases with stereotyped expressions. Theoretical， practical and empirical analysis can prove that the lottery paradox is not a true paradox.福建省社会科学规划项目“直觉证据的合理性研究”（FJ2019B074
An Analysis of Paul Ricoeur's Concepts of Text Hermeneutics
No full text冯寿农，厦门大学外文学院教授、中文系博士生导师，文学博士；黄钏，厦门大学外文学院助理教授，厦门大学中文系博士研究生。【中文摘要】文本诠释学是保罗•利科构建其途释学理论体系进程中一个成熟而具有建设性的阶段。他提出了一系列概念,诸如间距化、归己化、文本世界、诠释学之虹等，其中有些概念是在已有基础上加以改造而成，另一些则是利科的独创，成为其诠释学理论大厦的重要支柱。通过这些概念，利科不仅对诠释学传统疑难问题进行梳理与澄清，逐步完善了文本诠释学理论，并把文本诠释视为一种范式，试图呈现文本途释在方法论层面上的作用,把诠释学理论推广到其他领域。
【Abstract】 Text hermeneutics is a mature and constructive stage in the process of Paul Ricoeur's construction of his hermeneutic theoretical system. He proposed a series of concepts，such as distanciation，appropriation，text world，herme¬neutic arch，etc. Some of these concepts have been transformed on the basis of existing ones，while others are the original creations of Ricoeur and have become an important pillar of his hermeneutic theory. Through these concepts， Ricoeur not only clarified the difficult problems of hermeneutics tradition，but also gradually improved the theory of text hermeneutics
Economic Responsibility Audit and Local Government Governance:From the Perspective of Environmental Pollution
No full text蔡春，西南财经大学会计学院教授、博士生导师，经济学博士，中国政府审计研究中心主任;谢柳芳,西南政法大学商学院教授，管理学博士，中国政府审计研究中心特约研究员；王彪华，中国审计学会秘书处副研究员，管理学博士。【中文摘要】在我国经济从高速发展向高质量发展阶段转化的新时期，生态文明建设至关重要。污染防治的治理成效与经济能否实现可持续健康发展、能否实现高速发展向高质量发展阶段转化密切相关。与此同时，用于污染防治的预算资金支出及生态文明建设责任逐渐成为预算执行审计、经济责任审计的监督对象和重点内容。通过2012—2016年省级地方政府数据，以环境污染为研究切入点,实证检验领导干部经济责任审计与地方政府治理的关系。研究结果表明：国家审计具有治理功能，经济责任审计强度越大，地方政府治理效率越高。同时，相较于市场化程度和法制水平较高的地区,经济责任审计对政府治理的促进效果在市场化程度和法制化程度较低的地区，其作用更为明显;从经济发展质量考察,经济责任审计对地方政府治理的积极作用主要发挥在高GDP增长组及低GDP水平组。进一步研究发现,地区环境污染问题越严重,经济责任审计投入力度越大，即国家审计能够识别并在审计实务中切实关注被审计对象应该履行的环保责任。
【Abstract】Ecologic civilization construction is crucial in the new era of China ’ s economic transformation from high¬speed development to high-quality development. The effect of pollution control is closely related to whether the economy can achieve sustainable and healthy development，and whether the high-speed development can be achieved to high-quality development stage. At the same time，the audit of budget fund expenditure and responsibility of ecological civilization construction for pollution prevention and control has gradually become the supervision object and key content of budget implementation audit and economic responsibility audit. Using the provincial - level local government data from 2012 to 2016， this paper examines the relationship during economic responsibility audit and local government governance from the perspective of the environmental governance. The results show that ：National audits have a governance function，the greater intensity of economic responsibility audits，the higher level of local government governance. Additionally，the effect of economic responsibility audits is more obvious in regions with lower levels of marketization and legalization. In terms of economic development quality，the positive role of economic responsibility audits in local government governance is mainly manifested in regions with high GDP growth rates and in regions with low GDP volumes. Further research finds that the more serious a region's environmental pollution problem，the greater investment in its economic responsibility audits ； in other words，national audits are able to identify and draw attention to the environmental responsibility fulfilled by the audited objects in audit practice.国家自然科学基金项目“政府财务信息披露、政府债务风险防范与审计监控机制研究”（71672119)；国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色社会主义国家审计理论研究——以公共受托经济责任和国家治理为视角的考察” (13&ZD146);重庆市社会科学规划项目“国家审计促进重庆市加快脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴衔接研究”(2019YBGL064);西南政法大学引进人才科研资助项目“经济高质量发展视阈下政府审计与脱贫攻坚研究”(2019-XZRCXM003