1,721,023 research outputs found
Understanding Disaster Risk:A Multidimensional Approach
No full textUnderstanding Disaster Risk: A Multidimensional Approach presents the first principle from the UNISDR Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015-2030. The framework includes a discussion of risk and resilience from both a theoretical and governance perspective in light of ideas that are shaping our common future. In addition, it presents innovative tools and best practices in reducing risk and building resilience. Combining the applications of social, financial, technological, design, engineering and nature-based approaches, the volume addresses rising global priorities and focuses on strengthening the global understanding of vulnerability, displaced communities, cultural heritages and cultural identity
Exploring alternative livelihood in oil-spill impacted communities: A Nigerian perspective
No full textAlternative livelihood is a widely used concept for interventions that aim to reduce the frequency of other activities considered to be environmentally damaging by switching them with lower impact livelihood activities that provide equivalent benefits. This chapter explores the alternative adaptive method for livelihood support of communities impacted by oil spill hazard. The debates around oil spills and impact on livelihood are overwhelming, with little knowledge of how impacted communities survive amid the incidents. This community-based/participatory research uncovers substantial aspects of livelihood strategies. The chapter discusses seven significant alternative strategies for household livelihood support: (i) local refining of petroleum products for domestic and commercial use, (ii) long-distance fishing, (iii) distance timber production activities, (iv) daily bricklaying jobs, (v) farming/share system of farming, (vi) internship farming system, and (vii) leased farming. The implications of the alternatives on socioeconomic and sociocultural development of the communities are analyzed, suggesting that a majority of the alternatives have significant contribution to the socioculture and local economic growth, while a few of the identified alternatives require more restructuring to reduce environmental damage ensued by the activities. The chapter concludes that the communities across the Niger Delta region use a variety of farming methods to support their everyday livelihood, and a majority of households depend on the local refining of petroleum product to generate electricity while creating income in the process. The chapter suggests that the alternative methods for livelihood support across the communities be industrialized further with the formulation of appropriate policies that can enhance restructuring and/or amendment of the community strategies at the local level, a recommendation based on its thematic findings. This research will be of value to researchers seeking understanding of how the Niger Delta region can be strategically empowered during this petroleum era before desertion of the product.</p
Emergency Management in Developed Countries: An Investigation of Hazard Risk, Vulnerability and Government Response in the UK and USA
No full textDuring the summer of 2007 the United Kingdom experienced some of the worst flooding in its history, with the city of Hull amongst the worst affected. Meanwhile, the city of New Orleans, USA was subject to severe flooding in August 2005 as a result of Hurricane Katrina. The study has found that both the UK and US government disaster management programmes were ill prepared for these flood events. Many parallel issues have been discovered and discussed. The conditions of vulnerability that are evident in developing countries are not widely present in the UK or US but this must not be allowed to lead to complacency and lack of preparation and awareness. The cost in terms of mortality is relatively low compared to similar events in developing countries; however, the economic implications are considerable and must be addressed
Exposing the profiteers of globalisation, disaster, conflict and detention
Get PDFhttps://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v8i1.37
NGO competency-based framework for the delivery of post-disaster reconstruction projects
No full textWith the expected increase in the magnitude and frequency of natural disasters in coming years, more people than ever will be faced with post-disaster reconstruction (PDR) scenarios. Within a complex and turbulent environment it is essential that responding agencies deploy appropriate configurations of competencies to mitigate project barriers that arise. The objectives of this research are a) to examine how theory from disaster management, strategic management and project management can be integrated to develop a theoretical framework for the delivery of PDR projects, b) to investigate current practices of NGOs in delivery of PDR projects, c) to identify appropriate competencies to be deployed by NGOs, including the various configurations that will lead to successful PDR projects and d) to develop a competence-based framework derived from a system dynamics model that will lead to more efficient and effective projects in PDR. Within a mixed-methods approach, the study incorporates 4 case studies in post-tsunami Sri Lanka and 4 case studies in post-cyclone Sidr Bangladesh. Exploratory interviews with expert NGO participants are combined with direct observations, with the resultant data analysed in Decision Explorer. An embedded quantitative element within the case studies allows values to be assigned to a system dynamics model, with mechanisms emerging that contribute to the final theoretical model. The study reveals that NGOs face numerous barriers; organisational, political, economic, ethical, community, professional and environmental. In order to effectively develop and implement strategies to address these barriers, organisations must deploy certain configurations of organisational and operational competencies. These competencies have been categorised into the following clusters: leadership, communication/presentation, creative drive, technical, co-operation, analysis/judgement, organization, adaptation. The theoretical framework and system dynamics model demonstrate how the utilisation of these competencies, deployed in targeted clusters, has the potential to create positive outcomes for beneficiaries as measured by PDR Project Success Indicators (PDRPSls).EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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