80 research outputs found
Fronting and exhaustive exclusion in Biblical Hebrew
No full textCITATION: Van der Merwe, C. 2017. Fronting and exhaustive exclusion in Biblical Hebrew. Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, 48:219-222, doi:10.5774/48-0-292.The original publication is available at http://spil.journals.ac.zaBiblical Hebrew scholars struggle to account for about one third of instances of fronting in the Hebrew Bible in terms of a coherent semantic-pragmatic model. I hypothesize that considering fronting as a construction (i.e. a form-meaning pair) that could encode various semantic-pragmatic functions, including “exhaustive exclusion”, could be one of the solutions to this challenge.http://spil.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/292Publisher’s versio
Left dislocation : an exploration in linguistic typology
No full textCITATION: Andrason, A., Westbury, J. & Van Der Merwe, C. H. J. 2016. Left dislocation : an exploration in linguistic typology. Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus, 50:1-20, doi:10.5842/50-0-714.The original publication is available at http://spilplus.journals.ac.za/No abstract availablehttp://spilplus.journals.ac.za/pub/issue/view/87Publisher's versio
A direct translation of the Bible as ancient text : only a new name for a stilted word-for-word translation?
No full textCITATION: Van Der Merwe, Christo H. J. 2016. A direct translation of the Bible as ancient text : only a new name for a stilted word-for-word translation?, In Hans Rechenmacher (ed.). In Memoriam of Wolfgang Richter. St Ottilien: EOS Verlag. 429-445.The original publication is available at http://eos-verlag.de/de_DE/in-memoriam-wolfgang-richter/The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the term “direct translation” as it is used by the Bible Society of South Africa (=BSSA) is not merely a new label for a stilted word-for-word translation, but a technical term having a very specific meaning within an academi-cally justifiable translation model that was formulated for the new Bible in Afrikaans. It will also try to show that, although attempts to translate an-cient texts “directly” pursue an almost impossible ideal, direct translation nevertheless proposes a solution for the vexing problems that translators may come up against. What is more, the challenges posed by attempts at direct translation may serve as catalysts for new research on understanding ancient texts
Nog 'n vertaling van die Bybel in Afrikaans : wat maak dit anders?
No full textCITATION: Van der Merwe, C. H. J. 2020. Nog ʼn vertaling van die Bybel in Afrikaans : wat maak dit anders?. Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe, 60(4-1):892-911, doi:10.17159/2224-7912/2020/v60n4-1a3.The original publication is available at http://www.scielo.org.zaPublication of this article was funded by the Stellenbosch University Open Access FundDie 2020-vertaling is anders as die ander vertalings van die Bybel in Afrikaans omdat daar
op ’n innoverende manier ’n wyse gevind moes word om aan die behoeftes van kerke wat die
Bybel in Afrikaans gebruik, te voldoen. Dit is naamlik die behoefte aan ’n verstaanbare vertaling
in idiomatiese Afrikaans wat baie na aan die bronteks bly. In hierdie alternatiewe vertaalmodel
is ’n byna onmoontlike ideaal gestel: ’n “Direkte” vertaling wat poog om die bronteks te vertaal
asof die skrywers direk in goeie idiomatiese Afrikaans aangehaal word. Dié vertaalmodel
het ’n grondige besinning vereis oor die taalmodel waarmee gewerk sou word. In hierdie
verband het die kognitiewe taalkunde waardevolle insigte gebied. Baie van hierdie insigte is
nie heeltemal nuut nie, maar eerder verdere ontwikkelings en/of verfynings van tradisionele
wyshede waarmee alreeds in die histories-filologiese semantiek gewerk is. ’n Voorbeeld in
hierdie verband is die feit dat taal volledig ingebed is in die kultuur en ervarings van die
sprekers van die betrokke taal. (Dit is daarom byna onvermydelik dat lesers sommige vertalings
nie gaan verstaan nie, tensy die vertaling van toeligtende kommentaar voorsien word.) Verdere
waardevolle insigte uit die kognitiewe taalkunde, wat met behulp van voorbeelde geïllustreer
word, is dat daar onderskei moet word tussen die prototipiese en minder prototipiese betekenisse
van uitdrukkings; dat betekenisverskuiwings geleidelik geskied en dat dit eie aan menslike
taal is dat sommige onderskeidings moeilik is om te maak; en dat betekenisonderskeidings
tipies met kenmerkende ko- en kontekstuele raamwerke vir elkeen van die onderskeidings
gepaard gaan en dat die vorme wat sprekers gebruik of aan hulle taaluitings gee, altyd die
primêre uitgangspunt van die interpretasie daarvan moet wees.http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S0041-47512020000400003&script=sci_abstract&tlng=esPublisher's versio
Direkte vertaling van die Bybel as antieke teks : net ’n nuwe benaming vir ’n stokkerige woordelikse vertaling
No full textCITATION: Van der Merwe, C. H. J. 2014. Direkte vertaling van die Bybel as antieke teks: net ’n nuwe benaming vir ’n stokkerige woordelikse vertaling?. LitNet Akademies, 11(3):290-315.The original publication is available at http://www.litnet.co.za/category/litnet-akademies-godsdienswetenskappe/Die term direkte vertaling kan maklik vereenselwig word met ’n stokkerige letterlike of woordelikse vertaling. Die doel van hierdie artikel is om te illustreer dat hierdie term soos wat dit in Die Bybel: ’n Direkte vertaling gebruik word, ’n spesifieke tegniese betekenis het, en dat dit verstaan moet word as ’n akademies verantwoordbare vertaalmodel wat vir die nuwe Bybel in Afrikaans geformuleer is. In hierdie artikel word, aan die een kant, ’n kritiese blik gebied op die vertaalteoretiese grondslae van die dinamies-ekwivalente 1983-vertaling en, aan die ander kant, die akademiese besinning wat ten grondslag van hierdie nuwe vertaling lê, beskryf. Die studie illustreer dat die term direkte vertaling ’n poging verwoord om ’n vernuwende oplossing te bied vir die eeue oue spanning tussen getrouheid aan die outeurs van die antieke bronteks en die verstaanbaarheid daarvan vir ernstige Bybellesers vandag.
In die lig van die inferensiemodel van kommunikasie word geargumenteer dat Bybelvertaling ’n baie moeilike vorm van sekondêre kommunikasie is. Dit impliseer dat antieke tekste maklik misverstaan kan word indien die konseptuele wêreld van moderne lesers nie deur middel van ’n metateks nader aan dié van wêreld van die mense van die wêreld gebring word nie. Met verwysing na Rigters 6–8 word insigte vanuit veral die kognitiewe taalkunde oor hoe betekenis in taal werk, ingespan om te illustreer hoe die uitdagings ten opsigte van drie soorte kommunikasieleidrade die hoof gebied kan word in ’n direkte vertaling daarvan. Die voorbeelde illustreer dat ’n direkte vertaling gewone lesers te staan bring voor die andersheid van die taal, kultuur en wêreld van die Bybel. Vir Bybels-Hebreeuse taalkundiges en vertalers bring dit te staan voor die nugtere werklikheid van al die oorwegings wat in ag geneem (en nog nagevors) moet word as hulle ’n antieke teks direk probeer vertaal.LitNet AkademiesPublisher's versio
Measurement and verification of a lighting load reduction project through energy efficiency
No full textThis paper will describe the methodology and pro-cedures that were followed to measure and verify the impact on the electricity use of a lighting load reduction project implemented at a gold mine. The lighting retrofit was concentrated on the 100 level and 100 incline of the gold mine. Since the lights were underground, it was operational for 24 hours each day. The proposed project activity aimed to reduce the electric demand of the lighting system by replacing the current types of lighting fixtures with more energy efficient units.The possibility existed to reduce the lighting load by 157 kW. These impacts needed to be assessed in order to verify the DSM impacts and savings for the client, the ESCO and Eskom. Pre-implementation metering was done in order to determine the oper-ational and installed capacity of the original lighting system. Together with the number of lights affected by this project activity and the 24-hour operational profile, this data defined the baseline electricity use of the project. The same metering techniques and layout have been used after implementation to determine the new installed and operational capac-ity of the new lighting system. This project achieved 99.36% of its contracted target of 157kW
An investigation of ו)עתה) : beyond the temporal/logical bifurcation
No full textThesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study provides an investigation into the features and functions of עַתָּה) ו ,(ְseeking to
provide a complete account which progresses beyond the temporal/logical bifurcation which has characterized scholarship for much of the last century. This present work is part of a larger project to understand the various adverbs, conjunctions, and discourse markers (DM), those pesky small words which have puzzled translators due to their polysemous character (Van der Merwe et al
2017:379–382).
Recent developments in the fields of DM studies, linguistic typology, and grammaticalization promise explanatory insights to the problem presented by עַתָּה) ו .(ְTogether,
these disciplines make up our theoretical model, and they provide the framework, categories, and terminology, which equip us for the task of investigating עַתָּה) ו .(ְ
We apply this theoretical model to the 431 tokens of עַתָּה) ו (ְin BH. The various senses are identified, grouped together and described as distinct categories. This study posits fours senses: the predicate adverb, the sentential adverb, the structural DM, and the interactional DM. We
substantiate each sense by tracing a profile of familial traits shared by most members with (syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic characteristics) and listing sub-functions with collocations and constructions. Then we relate the senses together on a grammaticalization path as clusters along a cline, demonstrating the fuzzy borders between senses with transitional cases.
The result is a unified account of עַתָּה) ו (ְwhich explains its different functions, their corresponding features, and relates the senses together in a coherent, motivated way.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is ’n ondersoek na die eienskappe en funksies van עַתָּה) ו (ְwat daarop gemik is om ’n uitvoerige beskrywing te bied wat meer is as die temporele/logiese twee-deling wat die beskrywing van die konstruksie in die vakgebied vir die grootste deel van die vorige eeu gekenmerk het. Hierdie werk is deel van ’n groter projek om Bybels-Hebreeuse bywoorde, voegwoorde en diskoersmerkers (DM) te verstaan, daardie lastige klein woordjies wat vertalers as gevolg van hul polisemiese aard hoofbrekens gegee het (Van der Merwe et al 2017:379–382).
In die studie word gebruik gemaak van onlangse ontwikkelinge op die gebied van diskoersmerkernavorsing, taaltipologie en grammatikalisering. Hierdie ontwikkelinge bied
verhelderende insigte tot die beter verstaan van עַתָּה) ו .(ְʼn Integrering van insigte uit al drie hierdie dissiplines bied die grondslag van die teoretiese model waarmee in hierdie studie gewerk word.
Hulle voorsien die raamwerk, kategorieë en terminologie wat in hierdie studie gebruik word. Ons pas hierdie teoretiese model toe in ons ondersoek van die 431 gevalle van עַתָּה) ו (ְin BH. Die verskillende betekenisse word geïdentifiseer, gegroepeer en dan beskryf as verskillende betekeniskategorieë. Hierdie studie poneer vier betekenisse: die predikatiewe bywoord, die
sinsbywoord, die strukturele DM en die interaktiewe DM. Ons begrond elke betekenisonderskeiding deur die familie-ooreenkomste na te spoor wat deur die meeste lede gedeel word (met verwysing na die ter sake sintaktiese, semantiese en pragmatiese kenmerke van elkeen).
Die onderafdelings van elke kategorie word na aanleiding van die kollokasies en konstruksies daarvan onderskei. Ons groepeer dan die betekenisse saam op ’n grammatikaliseringspad as samebundelings op ʼn gradiënt, wat ook die vae grense tussen betekeniskategorieë aantoon met verwysing na die grensgevalle.
Die resultaat is ’n samehorende oorkoepelende verduideliking van עַתָּה) ו .(ְHierin word die
verskillende funksies van die konstruksie, die ooreenstemmende eienskappe van die funksies en hul
betekenisse op ʼn koherente wys met mekaar in verband gebring.Master
Universiteit van Stellenbosch Primarii/Primariae Komitee, 1968
No full textFront: Henretha Carstens (P.S.O), Minette van der Merwe (Nerina) (secretary), Fanie Jacobs (Huis Visser) (chairman), Marieka van der Merwe (Harmonie), Elna Louw (Huis de Villiers). Middle: Sissie van Staden (Huis ten Bosch), Comine Hanekom (Lydia), Maxie Jooste (Sonop), Susanne Loubser (Monica), Liza Louw (Irene), Verna Burger (Minerva), Amanda Oelofse (Heemstede). Back: Christo Bester (Wilgenhof), Johan Coetzee (Dagbreek), George Deyzel (Eendrag), Carlé Cillié (Huis Marais), Sytze Alkema (Simonsberg), Roelie Maree (P.S.O.). Absent: Fred Hoogendijk (Helderberg), Jan Kirsten (Majuba)Black and white group photo depicting the Primarii/Primariae committee
An overview of recent developments in the description of Biblical Hebrew relevant for Bible translation
No full textCITATION: Van der Merwe, C. H. J. 2002. An overview of recent developments in the description of Biblical Hebrew relevant for Bible translation. Acta Theologica, doi:10.38140/at.v0i2.1602.The original publication is available at https://journals.ufs.ac.zaDescribing the system of an ancient language like Biblical Hebrew is an enormous challenge. Biblical Hebrew scholars through the years concentrated on the formal features of limited data at their disposal. However, a new paradigm in the study of language has provided a fresh perspective on aspects of language that was up till now either not fully appreciated, misunderstood or not even noticed. Improved models of what people do with language, and which include the social, cognitive and cultural aspects of language, now provide explanations for linguistic expressions that translators up till now believed they may or should leave untranslated. These models, among other things, have shown that texts are more than strings of clauses, each with their own propositional content. There are a variety of linguistic signs that have no referential meaning or syntactic function, but act as overt navigation signals for the way in which the information is supposed to be processed. These signals do not only invoke a relationship between the clauses, or clusters of clauses, contained in a text, but may also involve the entire cognitive worlds of all the participants of the communicative situation. These developments may shed new light on the interpretation and translation of the Biblical text.https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/at/article/view/1602Publisher's versio
An academic evaluation of a translation of the Bible in Afrikaans
No full textCITATION: Coetsee, Y. & Van Der Merwe, C. H. J. 2011. ’n Akademiese beoordeling van ’n vertaling van die Bybel in Afrikaans. Nederduitse Gereformeerde teologiese tydskrif, 52(3):325-337, doi:10.5952/52-3-43.The original publication is available at http://ngtt.journals.ac.zaPublication of this article was funded by the Stellenbosch University Open Access Fund.In the past the authority of Bible translations was often evaluated in terms of
their equivalence to source texts. Development in translation theory has revealed,
however, that the functionalist approach provides a more justified way of evaluating
translations. According to this approach the extent to which a translation fulfils
its purpose in a target culture should be the primary criterion for evaluation. To
ensure that documentary translations do not jeopardize their authority by moving
too far from the source texts Nord postulated the term “loyalty” – the loyalty that
translators owe source-text authors as well as commissioning bodies. The aim of
this study is to provide part of the theoretical framework in terms of which Bible
translations can be evaluated by non-specialists. As practical illustration of this
procedure we examined the translation of the Hebrew particle wehinneh in parts of
the Nuwe Lewende Vertaling (2006) in order to ascertain whether its claims were
adhered to.http://ngtt.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/43Publisher's versio
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