1,721,049 research outputs found
Missing data and long-term outcomes from nutrition research in the critically ill
Full text linkPurpose of review The use of functional outcomes in critical care nutrition research is increasingly advocated; however, this inevitably gives rise to missing data.Consequently there is a need to adopt modern approaches to the foreseeable problem of missing functional and survival outcomes in research trials.Recent findings Analyses that ignore unobserved or missing data will often return biased effect estimates.An improved approach is to routinely anticipate the types and extent of missing data, and consider the likely mechanisms of that missingness.The researcher and their statistical advisor may then choose from a number of modern strategies to assess the sensitivity of the research conclusions to the patterns of missingness contained in these research data.Methods widely employed include multiple imputation of missing observations, mixed regression models, use of composite outcome variables with patients who die being attributed a value reflecting the lack of ability to function, and selected Bayesian methodology.Summary Conclusions from clinical research in critical care nutrition will become more clinically interpretable and generalizable with the adoption of modern methods for the statistical handling of missing data
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Optimal delivery of enteral protein in the critically ill: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
No full textBackground: The optimal dose of enteral protein to deliver during critical illness remains uncertain. International clinical practice guidelines recommend protein targets ranging from 1.2 to 2.0 g/kg body weight/day, which is greater than the amount recommended in health. This protocol details the conduct of a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of enteral protein delivered within the international recommended guidelines (1.2-2.0 g/kg/day) compared to less than international recommended guidelines (<1.2 g/kg/day) on mortality and morbidity outcomes. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis will be undertaken in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. A comprehensive literature search of studies indexed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be conducted. Studies will be included if they are randomised controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling adult critically ill patients comparing predominately enteral protein delivery with one arm receiving 1.2-2.0 g/kg/day protein/kg/day ('greater protein') and another arm receiving <1.2 g protein/kg/day ('lesser protein'). Two independent reviewers will perform title and full text screening for study inclusion, extract data from included studies, and assess study quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. The primary outcome will be mortality at 90 days. Secondary outcomes will be clinical (infectious complications, and durations of ICU and hospital stays and mechanical ventilation), patient-centred (discharge destination, physical function and quality of life) and muscle (muscle mass, strength) outcomes. Results:Random-effects meta-analysis will be fitted for all outcomes, and, for the primary outcome, risk ratios will be pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model and pooled treatment effect presented as risk ratio (95% Confidence Interval). Conclusions:This systematic review and meta-analysis will compile data to determine whether out-comes are optimised with greater or lesser amounts of enteral protein delivered during critical illness.Systematic review registration:CRD42025547923.(c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/license s/by/4.0/).MJS is supported by a University of Adelaide Research Scholarship. AMD is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Leadership Investigator Grant
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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