1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Studying semantic relationships using electroencephalography
No full textSemantic relationships between words are a key component in the functioning of our semantic memory, our ability to understand and produce language and our ability to reason about the world. For example, dogs have tails, which they wag, but only when they are happy.
Constructing a map of these semantic relationships and their relationship strength (for example in the form of a semantic network) is useful in our quest to understand the aforementioned processes.
There are many ways to construct these maps, for example counting the number of co-occurrences of words in a text, using dictionaries and thesauri or simply asking people to write down word associations. However, if we want to study how the brain processes language, the more useful measures might be those based brain responses themselves. An experimental paradigm that is known to reveal automatic brain responses to semantic relationships is semantic priming. This semantic priming effect occurs when a target stimulus is preceded by one or more priming stimuli that share a semantic relationship with the target. In this case, the priming stimuli create a context that, through various mechanisms, facilitates the processing of the target stimulus by the brain.
To record brain activity, we employed EEG, which is a non-invasive method that is widely used in the neurosciences to study ongoing processes in the living brain. One of its disadvantages is that the conductive properties of tissue between the origin of the signal and the electrodes on the scalp cause each electrode to pick up signals from a large region of the brain. If one is interested in studying one particular brain process, as is usually the case, these signals must be separated in order to isolate the process of interest. A commonly used technique to do so is the construction and analysis of the ERP. During semantic priming experiments, stimuli preceded by a related prime generate a smaller amplitude of the N400 component in the ERP then onces that are preceded by an unrelated one. Because the subject has no voluntary control over his/her N400 amplitude, this component could serve as a proxy measurement of the relationship strength between the representations of the stimuli in the brain.
The major challenge addressed in this thesis is to obtain an accurate measurement of the amplitude of the N400. Averaging EEG responses to hundreds of stimuli and constructing the ERP waveform is less of a problem when one wants to study the properties of the N400 itself. The focus of this thesis lies however on deducing the properties of the stimuli, namely the relationship strength between them. Therefore, averaging across stimuli becomes problematic and other solutions must be found to isolate the N400 from the rest of the signal.
A good way to prevent occlusion of the N400 by other brain processes is to design the experiment in such a way that other strong ERP components do not occur in the time window of interest. A common experimental design for studying semantic priming instructs the subject to perform a speeded decision task and press the correct button. This has the advantage of capturing the response time of the subject as an extra measurement of the semantic priming effect. However, the decision making process and the pressing of the button evoke ERP components that unacceptably obscure the N400. We found that delaying the button response eliminates this overlap.
To further isolate the N400 from the rest of the ongoing EEG signals, a new multivariate approach called a spatio-temporal LCMV beamformer, was introduced. Using both simulated and real EEG signals, the performance of the beamformer was evaluated, next to traditional mean voltage measurement and supervised learning approaches, such as the lSVM. We found that the performance of the beamformer and lSVM were comparable in terms of correlation with actual N400 amplitude, but that the beamformer was more robust against influences from nearby ERP components. Variance in the output of the beamformer that cannot be explained by N400 amplitude, was more likely to be due unstructured noise, which is a desirable property during statistical analysis. It allows the researcher to have confidence that the filter's output is an actual measure of N400 amplitude and not some other component.
The combination of experimental design and the stLCMV beamformer filter resulted in a good measurement of N400 amplitude. This measurement was employed to perform a clustering study in which a list of words were clustered into groups. The groups were based on the notion that words belonging to the same group would produce a small N400 amplitude, when presented as a word-pair, than words belonging to different groups. Starting from an unordered list of 14, we showed that the N400 component could be used to reliably cluster them into their original categories: 7 African animals and 7 furniture items.
The work presented in this thesis clears to way to employ the N400 as a basis for measuring the strength of semantic word relations, as represented in the brain.status: Publishe
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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