1,720,969 research outputs found
Origins: A History of Race-Ethnic Classification in the Dutch Governmental Data Ontology
No full textIn this article, categorisation based on origins is investigated in the Dutch census reports produced between 1899 and 2018. Through this analysis, I will argue that the conceptual pair of autochthon and allochthon (until 2017 used to describe ‘native’ and ‘non-native’ Dutch people) is not a social construct, but rather a sociotechnical construct. Through this analysis, it becomes clear that where the category of the ‘foreigner’ at the beginning of the twentieth century was mainly related to a passport and place of birth, later national origins became a racially tainted concept. Pre-1980, counting machines at CBS only counted people’s information as selfdescribed; since 1980, computers have determined the identity of Dutch citizens. Today, governmental statistics based on the origins of Dutch people are available online for free and can be used by third parties for a variety of applications. Through this historical analysis, it becomes clear that the current practices are not the ‘standard’ way of categorisation, but rather one of the possibilities that are historically, socially and technologically situated
“Pulled from the Clay”: On the Datafication and Racialisation of Roots in the Dutch Art of Governance
Get PDFThe Datafication of Racialization and the Pursuit of Equality: The Case of the “Barometer Culturele Diversiteit”
Get PDFIn this chapter, I show how the investigation of racialization in datafied applications can be done through an instrumental, epistemological, and ontological approach to datafication and that the results of each approach do not necessarily match. By analyzing the attempted implementation of a tool aimed at measuring the composition of personnel in terms of migration background called Barometer Culturele Diversiteit (BCD) at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, I show how the tool is using ideas about race (instrumental), shaping knowledge through colonial politics (epistemological), and producing race (ontological) simultaneously. Aided by this analysis, I will advocate for an understanding of the use of raceethnic data for affirmative purposes in terms of strategic essentialism, making epistemic imperfection regarding race warranted only in antiracist data systems working toward their own obsolescence
Utrecht Data School. An Entrepreneurial Platform for Teaching and Applied Research in the Field of Datafication 1
No full textThe Politics and Biases of the “Crime Anticipation System” of the Dutch Police
No full textIn line with developments in many areas of business and governance, where bureaucracies of all sorts are increasingly datafied for budgetary reasons and the additional possibilities for automated analysis, the Dutch Police started with so-called Intelligence-Led Policing. This development led to the creation of the Crime Anticipation System (CAS). This data-driven system tries to predict crimes with statistics based on three data sources: BVI (Central Crime Database), GBA (Municipal Administration) and CBS (Demographics from Statistics Netherlands). By analyzing the used data categories with a critical data studies approach, we will show that the epistemological question concerning predictive policing systems turns into an ontological one: how are living environments and police work mutually shaped and determined by data? We will argue that intelligence-driven policing is not only a qualitative shift, but also has its continuities, since already existing ideas and biases concerning suspects and crimes are reproduced in the information and system of CAS
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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