1,720,961 research outputs found
Estimating tibial bone load during running using only inertial measurement units on the tibias and sternum:a Centre of Pressure approach
Get PDFInverse dynamics is a method to estimate joint forces and external moments needed for movement by analysing kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRF). In a bottom-up inverse dynamics analysis using a full-body inertial measurement unit (IMU) setup, the Centre of Pressure (CoP) is the only missing variable to complete the calculation. This study aimed to estimate the anteroposterior CoP from the tibia IMU orientation to calculate the sagittal ankle moment and tibial bone load (TBL) in rearfoot strikers running at 2.5, 3.1, and 3.6 m/s, using both tibia and the sternum IMU. This achieved strong correlations (≥0.90) for the CoP, sagittal ankle moment, and TBL compared with a marker/force plate reference. While the CoP estimate had fair accuracy, the sagittal ankle moment (rRMSE ≤ 12.9 %) and TBL (rRMSE ≤ 10.2 %) showed high accuracy. No significant differences were found between the IMU-only method and the reference for maximum ankle plantar flexion moment and TBL across all speeds. Future work should explore the multidimensional CoP, the inclusion of 3D GRF, and validation for non-rearfoot strike runners. These findings highlight the potential of using both tibia and the sternum IMU to monitor lower extremity forces and moments during running, independent of measurement location.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Modeling The Total Force At The Knee Joint During A Fatiguing Run
Get PDFRunning is associated with a high incidence of injuries. Neuromuscular fatigue is considered a risk factor, suggesting that the body in a fatigued state is less able to attenuate impact forces sufficiently, which leads to overloading and injuries.PURPOSE: To model total knee force, consisting of reaction and muscle forces, using an OpenSim model and free body diagram before and after a fatiguing run to get insight into potential overloading of the knee during running.METHODS: 7 recreational rear-foot striking runners (3F/4M, running >10 km p/w for >1 year; uninjured RESULTS: Total force inside the knee (total force tibia - femur) during stance have a tendency to increase after a fatiguing run: the maximum force on the knee increased from 21.5 ± 2.3 BW to 23 ± 2.5 BW in a fatigued state (paired t-test, p = 0.23). Main cause was the increase of maximum extensor muscular contractions (15.2 ± 1.3 BW to 16.6 ± 2.2 BW, p = 0.09) to increase overall knee load, flexor muscular contractions and JRF did not significantly change between non-fatigued and fatigued state (fig. 1).CONCLUSIONS: Knee load in a fatigued state has a tendency to increase after a fatiguing run, which results in a repetitive increased force on the knee that can eventually lead to overloading. These results indicate that running in fatigued state may cause damage to biological tissues in and around the knee which results in injuries
RUNNERS FATIGUE EARLIER ON A TREADMILL VERSUS OVERGROUND: KINEMATIC EVALUATION OF A RUN-TO-EXHAUSTION
Get PDFRunning biomechanics can be different between treadmill and overground, especially with fatigue during a run-to-exhaustion. The aim of this study was to investigate impact variables and kinematics of participants running an identical treadmill and overground fatigue protocol. Runners ran to exhaustion 9 minutes earlier on the treadmill compared to overground, with similar heart rate and rate of perceived exhaustion. Only peak sternal acceleration was significantly different between conditions, but only in the fatigue state. Environmental factors in a lab, such as air flow absence, may affect the aerobic capacity during running. No clear biomechanical differences suggest that a similar state of fatigue was reached, only getting there faster on the treadmill
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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