314 research outputs found
Nederlandse oud-gevangenen van kamp Buchenwald, interview 16, George Hintzen
No full textDe heer George Herman (George) Hintzen vertelt dat hij na de mobilisatie met een rechtenstudie in Leiden begon. Gelijk na de capitulatie leefde bij hem de gedachte naar Engeland te gaan. Juli 1943 vertrok hij samen met een vriend richting Spanje. Ze zaten een maand ondergedoken in Parijs en vervolgden daarna hun reis. Op 8 augustus werden ze in het plaatsje Argelès opgepakt en vastgezet in het gemeentehuis. Na te zijn verhoord werden ze overgebracht naar een militaire gevangenis, vervolgens naar de grote gevangenis in Toulouse en een maand later naar kamp Compiègne.
In januari 1944 werd Hintzen op transport gesteld naar Buchenwald. Daar aangekomen zat hij eerst in het Kleine Lager, vervolgens in het Russische blok en daarna in de barakken 49 en 32. Hij werkte in de timmerfabriek, de Gustloff-Werke en op de Politische Abteilung. Daarnaast zat hij een periode in het Revier.
Na de bevrijding keerde hij met een transport van het Rode Kruis terug naar Nederland en werd bij hem tbc geconstateerd. Na een jaar in zijn ouderlijk huis te zijn verpleegd, was hij weer hersteld. Het kampverleden had weinig invloed op Hintzens verdere leven
Flemish Woollens and German Commerce during the Later Middle Ages: Changing Trends in Cloth Prices and Markets, 1290 - 1550
No full textThis paper analyses the major changes in textile products, production costs, prices, and market orientations during the era when the 'draperies' or cloth industries of the late-medieval Low Countries had become increasingly dependent upon northern markets and the German Hanseatic League as the major vehicle in marketing their textiles. In several previous articles, I had examined the major factors that had led to the industrial and commercial reorientations of the Low Countries' cloth industries during the 14th and 15th centuries. In brief, the spreading stain of widespread warfare, piracy, and general insecurity, especially in the Mediterranean basin, from the 1290s (to the 1460s), led to a rise in transport and transaction costs that, in turn, had three major consequences for the Low Countries' textile-based economies: (1) to cripple the export-oriented production of the very cheap and light fabrics, most of which had been sent to Mediterranean markets and had comprised the bulk of northern textile shipments to this region; (2) to encourage most Flemish and Brabantine draperies to re-orient their export-oriented cloth production more and more towards high-priced ultra-luxury quality woollens, woven almost exclusively from the finer English wools, but wools that came to be burdened with high export taxes; and (3) to force the Flemish and Brabantine cloth industries (and the English as well), facing increasing difficulties in Mediterranean commerce, to become far more dependent on Hanseatic merchants and towns for their cloth sales, certainly by the mid-14th century. But in effecting these industrial and commercial orientations, the Low Countries' draperies encountered a new and even more dangerous challenge from expanding English competition in textiles, which enjoyed the signal advantage of control over high quality wools, which, for the domestic cloth industry, were tax-free and much cheaper. Nevertheless, for reasons outlined in this and earlier papers, the English took well more than a century to achieve final victory in the woollen broadcloth trade, though one that came to be fundamentally based upon German commercial forces, along with other commercial, monetary, and industrial factors outlined in this paper. Obeying the law of comparative advantage, the textile industries of the Low Countries responded to this English victory by once more re-orienting production to cheaper cloths, especially cheap, light worsted-says; but they were able to do so only when structural changes in European markets and trading networks, with falling transaction costs, from the later 15th century, once more favoured the export-oriented production of such cheap textiles. The major contributions of this paper, however, also lie in analysing production, product, cost, and prices changes in textiles, both cheap worsted and luxury woollens, in terms of nine tables: (1) export and production statistics for the English and Low Countries' textile industries, 1280 - 1549; (2) dimensions, weights, and composition of selected Flemish and English woollens and worsted-says; (3) English wool prices at the Calais Staple, 1475-99; (4) Price relatives for Ghent woollens and Flemish 'commodity baskets', 1340-1540; (5) Rank-order of cloth values at Ghent (from cheap to luxury woollens), for 1360-69, relative to the values of a standard 'commodity basket' and the purchasing power of a mason's wages; (6) Prices of selected Ghent woollens, large (luxury) and small (cheap), 1340-1412, in Flemish pounds groot and Florentine florins; (7) Prices of luxury woollens from Ghent, Mechelen, and Leiden and of cheap Hondschoote says, related to the purchasing power of a mason's wage, for 1535-45; (8) Prices of English wools (with wool-export duties), English and Ghent woollens, in pounds sterling and Flemish pounds groot, with English-Flemish monetary ratios, and with English, Flemish, and Brabantine commodity price-indices, 1320-1550; (9) Prices of various English, Flemish, Brabantine, and Dutch Woollens (in pounds sterling and Flemish pounds groot), 1400-1520.
A re-evaluation of ideas, interests and politics in repeal: the case of the Belgian Corn Laws, 1834-1873.
No full textEconomic interests, the influence of economic ideas and politics have been put forward in the literature as explanations for the British Repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846. In this paper, we will evaluate these competing explanations using the case of the liberalization of Belgian corn tariffs. The Belgian protectionist Corn Laws of 1834 were abolished in different steps between 1845 and 1873. The first part of this paper uses quantitative methods to assess the success of party affiliation, personal interests and the economic profile of the constituencies in predicting voting behavior. Thanks to the detailed censuses of 1846 on agriculture, industry and population, it is possible to typify the economic make-up of the electoral districts in much more detail than in the British case. However, the analysis of roll-call voting proves that party affiliation and personal and constituency economic interests are insufficient to explain the shift towards free trade. The second part of the paper then discusses the role played by political strategy and ideas in the liberalization of corn tariffs, using a qualitative analysis of the debates on tariff policy. The large number of votes over a forty year period allows us to document the relationship between ideas and interests in a new way.
Ontwikkeling van hulpmiddels vir die bestuur en beplanning van 'n stedelike vloedvlakte: 'n GIS toepassing
No full textEnglish: The occurrence of floods early in 2000 shows that flood damage research for better
assessmentand mitigation measures of the impact of floods is always necessary. Floods
were always and will always be a problem in South Africa. Floods caused damages of
R150million in one day at Ladysmith (Beeld. 28/02/1996). Losseswere not only financial.
but social losseswere experienced as well. "The death toll from days of driving rain and
resulting floods soared above 50 yesterday and left thousands of people homeless..."
(BusinessDay.16/02/1996).
To limit the impact of future floods. the planning and management of flood plains is very
important. Recently. the approach of disaster management has changed from reactive
to proactive. The problem in South Africa is that the necessary communication systems
and institutional framework does not exist. Furthermore. government institutions do not
have the necessary knowledge and tools to execute disaster management effectively.
The aim of this study (Chapter 1).was to develop systemsand tools that can address the
above-mentioned problems and to test the developed tools in a study area.
As discussed in Chapter 2. the study area along the Swartkops and Chatty Riversin the
Eastern Cape was a suitable area because of the diversity of land uses. A complete
survey was done. In the case of the Swartkops River the land uses include industrial.
commercial and residential. Along the Chatty Riverthe land usesare mainly residential.In Chapter 3 a system for the management of South African flood plains was developed.
To do this. flood policies of other countries were studied. Elements of the flood plain
management systemare:
• a flood plain management committee
e flood studies
• flood plain management studies.and
• flood plain management plans
In Chapter 4 the development of a computer model for the calculation of potential flood
damage was discussed. Another application of the model is the evaluation of possible
flood damage mitigation options for financial effectivity thereof. To develop this model it was necessary to study models that were developed internationally. The three models of
two international institutionsthat were studied were developed by the USArmy Corps of
Engineersand the Australian National University. The inputs of TEWA(a computer model
for the calculation of Tangible Economic flood Water damages Assessment)that were
developed from these models, include flood damage functions, land use data,
hydrological and geographic data.
The model was tested in Chapter 5, by executing the activities of the flood plain
management systemand using the model to calculate the potential flood damage and
evaluating the mitigation options. Options that were evaluated were derived from
discussionswith role-playersin Uitenhage and Despatch.
Flood damage was calculated for the different land usesand combined to get the total
flood damage. Damage to the residential sector of Uitenhage, Despatch and Sowetoon-
Sea were calculated first. Afterward, damage to the commercial sector of Uitenhage
and Despatch and industrialdamage to Uitenhage was calculated.
Two options, namely the building of a flood levee and flood proofing were evaluated in
Uitenhage and Despatch. Theresultsindicated that flood proofing was the best option for
industriesin Uitenhage and a levee will have the most benefits for Despatch. It must be
remembered that some assumptionshave been made and that can limit the use of the
results.Thestudy has achieved itsgoal to develop a flood plain management systemthat can be
used in South Africa to mitigate the impact of floodsAfrikaans: Die voorkoms van vloede vroeg in 2000toon dat vloedskadenavorsing nooit as ontydig en
onnodig geag moet word nie. Vloede is en bly Onprobleem in Suid-Afrika. Na beraming
het vloedwater in die begin van 1996gedurende een dag skade van R150 miljoen in
Ladysmith aangerig (Beeld, 28/02/1996). Dit was nie net finansiële skade nie, maar ook
sosiale skade. "The death toll from days of driving rain and resulting floods soared above
50yesterday and left thousands of people homeless..." (BusinessDay, 16/02/1996).
Om die impak van toekomstige vloede ten opsigte van finansiële skade en lewensverlies
tot die minimum te beperk, is beplanning en bestuur van vloedvlaktes uiters belangrik.
Verder het die afgelope paar jaar onverandering in die benadering tot rampbestuur in die
wêreld en ook in Suid-Afrikaplaasgevind. Die algemene siening isdat in rampbestuur die
klem moet verskuif van reaksie tot pro-aksie. Die probleem is egter dat die nodige
kommunikasiestelselsen institusionele raamwerke nie bestaan om aan hierdie opdragte
uitvoering te gee nie. Verder beskik owerheidsinstellingsnie altyd oor die nodige kennisen
hulpmiddels om rampbestuur effektief toe te pas nie.
Die doel van hierdie studie (soosgenoem in Hoofstuk 1) was om hulpmiddels te ontwikkel
wat bogenoemde probleme kon aanspreek en om die voorgestelde hulpmiddels in 'n
ondersoekgebied te toets. Hoofstuk 2 word gewyaan die beskrywing van die ondersoekgebied. Die
ondersoekgebied langs die Swartkops- en Chattyrlvier was uiters geskik vir studie omdat
die diversiteit van grondgebruike van so Onaard was dat Onvolledige opname onderneem
kon word. In die geval van die Swartkopsrivier het die grondgebruike tussen industrieel,
kommersieel sowel as residensieel gewissel. In die geval van die Chattyrivier was dit
hoofsaaklik residensieel.
In Hoofstuk 3 is Onstelsel vir die bestuur van Suid-Afrikaanse vloedvlaktes voorgestel.
Eerstens is die vloedbeleide van verskillende lende. naamlik Suid-Afrika, Australië,
Engeland en Wallis bespreek. Uit hierdie bespreking en gesprekke met kundiges is 'n
stelsel vir Suid-Afrika ontwikkel. Elemente van die vloedvlaktebestuurstelsel is 'n vloedvloktebestuurskomitee. vloedstudies, vloedvlaktebestuurstudies en vloedvlaktebestuursplanne. In Hoofstuk 4 is die ontwikkeling van on rekenaarmodel waarmee die potensiaal vir
vloedskade beraam kan word, bespreek. OnVerdere aanwending van die model is die evaluering van moontlike vloedskade-verminderingsmaatreëls vir effektiwiteit en die
finansiële haalbaarheid daarvan.
Vir die ontwikkeling van die model was dit nodig om ander rekenaarmodelle wat
internasionaal gebruik word, te ondersoek. Die drie modelle van twee instansies wat
ondersoek is, is dié wat deur die USArmy Corps of Engineersen die AustralieseNasionale
Universitieitte Canberra ontwikkel is. Die insette van TEWA(a computer model for the
calculation of Tangible Economic flood Water damages Assessment)wat uit hierdie
modelle ontwikkel is, kan saamgevat word as bestaande uit vloedskadefunksies,
grondgebruiksdata, hidrologiese data en geografiese data. Die model is in Hoofstuk5 getoets deur die aksiesvan die vloedvlaktebestuurstelselsuit te
voer en die model te gebruik vir die berekening ven vloeoskode en evaluering van
vloedskade-verminderingopsies. Maatreëls wat in dié hoofstuk voorgestel is, is in
gesprekke met rolspelersvan die gebied uitgeklaar.
evaluering van moontlike vloedskade-verminderingsmaatreëls vir effektiwiteit en die
finansiële haalbaarheid daarvan.
Vir die ontwikkeling van die model was dit nodig om ander rekenaarmodelle wat
internasionaal gebruik word, te ondersoek. Die drie modelle van twee instansies wat
ondersoek is, is dié wat deur die USArmy Corps of Engineersen die AustralieseNasionale
Universitieitte Canberra ontwikkel is. Die insette van TEWA(a computer model for the
calculation of Tangible Economic flood Water damages Assessment)wat uit hierdie
modelle ontwikkel is, kan saamgevat word as bestaande uit vloedskadefunksies,
grondgebruiksdata, hidrologiese data en geografiese data.
Vir die berekening van totale vloedskade vir die gebied is skade per grondgebruik
bereken. Skade aan die residensiëlesektor in Uitenhage, Despatch en Soweto-on-Sea is
eerstens bereken waarna kommersiële skade vir Uitenhage en Despatch en industriële
skade vir Uitenhage bereken is.
Twee opsies, naamlik die bou van Onnoodwal en vloedverskansing, is vir Uitenhage en
Despatch getoets. Die resultate van die oefening dui daarop dat vloedverskansing die
beste opsie vir die nywerhede in Uitenhage is en onvloedwal die mees voordeligste vir
Despatch. Dit moet beklemtoon word dat daar aannames gemaak moes word, wat die
gebruik van die resultate beperk. Die studie het in sy doel geslaag om ° n
vloedvlaktebestuurstelsel te ontwikkel wat in Suid-Afrika gebruik kan word om die impak
van vloede te verminder
[medal] Rekenpenning op het drievoudig verbond tussen Frankrijk, Engeland en de Verenigde Provinciën tegen Spanje.
No full textOud plaatsnummer LN.1596/7Recto: Het Geloof en de Standvastigheid naar elkaar gewend, reiken elkaar de hand ; op de achtergrond rechts een zuil en boven hun hoofden uit een stralende hemel de naam Jehovah in het Hebreeuws ; rondom, tussen een verhoogde cirkel en de parelcirkel aan de buitenrand, een roosje • FIDE • ET • CONSTANTIA •Verso: Een hand komend uit de wolken, slaat met een kei een varken, dat naar links staat, op de kop ; rondom, tussen een verhoogde cirkel en de parelcirkel aan de buitenrand, • CÆSA • FIRMABANT • FOEDERA • PORCA • I5 een roosje 96 •Dugniolle, J.F. Le jeton historique des dix-sept provinces des Pays-Bas. Brussel: Gobbaerts, 1880, p. 137, nr. 3400.Tas, M. Rekenpenningen, 540 rekenpenningen van de zestiende en de eerste helft van de zeventiende eeuw, Tweede, herziene druk. Rotterdam: Herman Gerritsen, 2020, nr. 315, p. 158.Van Loon, G. Beschryving der Nederlandsche Historipenningen. 's Graavenhaage : Van Lom, P. Gosse en P. De Hondt, eerste deel, 1723, p. 481.III.Bijzondere collectie
Vergelijkend onderzoek naar de oprichting, structuur en werking van de centrale banken van de Europese Unie, Engeland, Japan, de Verenigde Staten en Zwitserland
No full textViewing the Epigenetics of Colorectal Cancer through the Window of Folic Acid Effects
No full textAbstract
In this issue of the journal (beginning on page 1552), Wallace and colleagues shed new light on the epigenetics of colorectal cancer by exploring the role of changes in DNA methylation in normal-appearing colon biopsies collected during a chemoprevention trial of folic acid. This study and the parent clinical trial will potentially further elucidate the long-studied role of folate in colon cancer development. In particular, the focus on the intermediate biomarker DNA methylation could provide a mechanistic link between folate exposure and colon cancer. Dietary or supplemental folate has complex interactions with important processes that may alter colon cancer development or progression, but this influence is likely altered by supplementation's timing and duration and whether in the setting of depleted or more typical, higher levels of folate. Despite decades of epidemiologic, molecular, and animal studies, answers to what effects these interactions have are complex, often contradictory. This perspective will place this study in context, looking at what it tells us and what it does not. Cancer Prev Res; 3(12); 1509–12. ©2010 AACR.</jats:p
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