1,721,004 research outputs found
Drylands, frontiers, and the politics of change
Get PDFChange is of all times, but it would appear that in the drylands of Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia/Inner Asia it is happening in an overwhelming manner. Climate change, growing political instability, and increasing enclosures of large expanses of land are some of the changes with far-reaching consequences for those who make their living in the drylands. This edited volume is about the changes that arise from the entanglement of global interests and narratives with the local struggles that have always existed in the drylands. In this chapter, the notion of ‘frontier’ is proposed as a metaphor to frame this entanglement and as a way to bring the different chapters in the volume together. Overviews of the chapters show that to understand the full politics of frontier processes, analytical approaches are necessary that take into account historical institutional changes and different forms of power relations
De Bruijn, Mirjam & Van Dijk, Han. - Arid Ways. Cultural Understandings of Insecurity in Fulbe Society, Central Mali
No full textFay Claude. De Bruijn, Mirjam & Van Dijk, Han. - Arid Ways. Cultural Understandings of Insecurity in Fulbe Society, Central Mali. In: Cahiers d'études africaines, vol. 36, n°144, 1996. pp. 833-837
Drought and Coping Strategies in Fulbe Society in the Haayre (Central Mali) : A Historical Perspective
No full textDe Bruijn Mirjam, Van Dijk Han. Drought and Coping Strategies in Fulbe Society in the Haayre (Central Mali) : A Historical Perspective. In: Cahiers d'études africaines, vol. 34, n°133-135, 1994. L'archipel peul. pp. 85-108
Drylands Facing Change: Interventions, Investments and Identities
No full textThis edited volume examines the changes that arise from the entanglement of global interests and narratives with the local struggles that have always existed in the drylands of Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia/Inner Asia.
Changes in drylands are happening in an overwhelming manner. Climate change, growing political instability, and increasing enclosures of large expanses of often common land are some of the changes with far-reaching consequences for those who make their living in the drylands. At the same time, powerful narratives about the drylands as ‘wastelands’ and their ‘backward’ inhabitants continue to hold sway, legitimizing interventions for development, security, and conservation, informing re-emerging frontiers of investment (for agriculture, extraction, infrastructure), and shaping new dryland identities. The chapters in this volume discuss the politics of change triggered by forces as diverse as the global land and resource rush, the expansion of new Information and Communication Technologies, urbanization, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the spread of violent extremism. While recognizing that changes are co-produced by differently positioned actors from within and outside the drylands, this volume presents the dryland’s point of view. It therefore takes the views, experiences, and agencies of dryland dwellers as the point of departure to not only understand the changes that are transforming their lives, livelihoods, and future aspirations, but also to highlight the unexpected spaces of contestation and innovation that have hitherto remained understudied.
This edited volume will be of much interest to students, researchers, and scholars of natural resource management, land and resource grabbing, political ecology, sustainable development, and drylands in general
The new green grabbing frontier and participation. Conserving drylands with or without people
No full textDrylands have been affected by so-called green grabbing—that is, the dispossession or displacement of local communities in order to expand areas devoted to conservation, as well as the significant curtailment of access to natural resources by non-displaced groups. Conservation schemes often contribute to heighten political, economic, and even ecological tensions, adding further layers of contention in dryland areas already experiencing land conflicts and marginalizing local pre-existing common property management institutions. Within the political ecology theoretical framework, we analyse how different actors involved in conservation initiatives interact and how power and socioeconomic differences play out in the development of these schemes. We also pay attention to the new common property management institutions that may appear as part of the conservation programmes—the so-called new commons. These institutions, in addition to intended or unintended economic and environmental impacts and to local reactions to the new situation, can sometimes reframe, at least partially, the results of conservation schemes to the advantage of drylands communities. We aim to provide a general overview of the green grabbing processes in drylands, highlighting the most significant global trends and the main impacts on the affected populations, while paying attention to local, specific circumstances and avoiding undue generalizations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The ‘open cut’ in drylands: Challenges of artisanal mining and pastoralism encountering industrial mining, development, and resource grabbing
Get PDFVariations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Environmental crisis narratives in drylands
Get PDFWe all make use of narratives to make sense of the world, but some narratives are noticeably promoted more so than others and sustain certain policies rather than others. It is important to study these narratives, for while they are discursive in nature, their impact is material. Drylands, for example, are persistently presented as wastelands, legitimizing their capture and exploitation. ‘Winning’ narratives are intuitive, appeal to simple, causal, explanatory beliefs, and are clothed in neutral scientific language, spreading globally through policy travel. Crisis narratives invoking life-or-death decisions tend to trump other narratives. Narratives, however, are not written in stone but have life cycles—and after they rise, they may be challenged by counternarratives, merge and adapt, or fade and die. Three influential narratives illustrate the approach in this chapter: water wars, the Sustainable Development Goals, and energy transition. Calling out these narratives and their underlying ideologies can contribute to more ‘polyphonic’ policymaking
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