1,720,999 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The role of early exercise in the management of muscle wasting following acute burn injury
No full textAbstract: Burn injury is a complex form of trauma that, when severe enough, causes a sustained stress response that impacts all organ systems. Long-lasting derangements in muscle metabolism associated with the stress response lead to the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Postburn muscle wasting in turn is associated with considerable short-term and long-term morbidity. Despite its impact, postburn muscle wasting is often regarded as an inevitable burn-related symptom that is often left to develop unrestrained during the early phase of burn recovery \u2013 a phase during which it could theoretically be best countered by targeted interventions. Resistance and aerobic training during burn centre stay, collectively referred to as \u2018early exercise training\u2019 in this dissertation, has been used successfully in other disease phenotypes to counteract muscle wasting. However, in burn care, many uncertainties persist over the role of early exercise training in the management of postburn muscle wasting. Reservations over its safety, feasibility, and efficacy in the adult burn population have hampered its integration into standard inpatient burn care. Thus, the overarching aim of this doctoral project was to better understand the role of early exercise training in the inpatient management of burn-induced muscle wasting. This dissertation presents research that was carried out to (1) survey the current rehabilitation practice of burn patients, (2) study the clinical utility of ultrasound as a tool to measure muscle wasting, and lastly (3) investigated the feasibility and efficacy of early exercise training to address muscle wasting in both minor and major burns. The findings accumulated by all the studies in this doctoral dissertation, combine to advocate that the clinical benefits of targeting postburn muscle wasting by early exercise training outweigh its costs. We show this by demonstrating that muscle wasting is an important outcome that can be captured by ultrasound, and by establishing the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of early exercise with respect to changes in muscle size and strength
Unravelling energy expenditure and body composition in cancer patients during and after initial treatment
No full textAbstract: This dissertation aimed to unravel how the presence of a tumor and its treatment affect resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition in patients with cancer, more specifically in patients with and survivors of breast cancer. Secondly, we intent to contribute to the developing technologies in calorimetry assessments to facilitate metabolic research, and to promote the clinical application of indirect calorimetry (IC). By understanding the resting energy requirements, individual rehabilitation strategies based accurate measures of REE can be developed to improve the energy balance and prevent deterioration of body composition. Chapter 1 of this thesis includes a general introduction on the burden of breast cancer, explains more about metabolic reprogramming inherent to the disease, and clarifies energy metabolism and energy expenditure in health and disease. Furthermore, different methods for conducting calorimetric assessments are briefly discussed. The introduction concludes with the general aims and outline of this thesis. Chapter 2 reviewed the literature to examine the current knowledge on the impact of cancer and chemotherapy on REE and body composition in various cancer types. The results revealed a large variety in REE, with significant changes during treatment presenting a U-shaped curve. Initial tumor burden and the metabolic impact of chemotherapy were postulated to participate to the heterogeneity of REE. Body composition changed concurrent with the energetic requirements. REE predicted by the Harris- Benedict equation (HBEq) seems to underestimate REE by IC, addressing the need for adequate measures of REE. This literature review study disclosed many tumor types, with different methodologies concerning the calorimetric assessments. Lack of metabolic studies in specific cancer types and during different stages of the disease and treatment, were identified as main gap in literature. Inaccessibility to appropriate measurement tools might be one reason for the lack of metabolic studies. In literature, indirect calorimetry is often the method of choice for conducting metabolic assessments. Current practices, however, are cumbersome, and require expensive equipment and specialized staff, which limit its use. New developments in technology can lead to more user-friendly devices which can promote its application. In Chapter 3, the validity of a new basic respiratory room to measure energy expenditure was examined. A comparison study was conducted to investigate if the room was 1) capable to equally measure energy expenditure under the same resting conditions as with the standard assessment by ventilated hood, and 2) to examine its ability to detect minute changes in activity. The results of this study led to a safe and valid implementation of the room as assessment modality in the studies discussed in chapter 4. Chapter 4 presents the findings on REE and body composition in patients with breast cancer in the tumor-bearing state, at mid-treatment, and in 1-, 3, and 5-year survival after treatment ending. To test the hypothesis that alterations are present, the results of patients and survivors were compared with a matched healthy control group. The results in section 4.1 reveal that women who are diagnosed with breast cancer experience higher REE, suggested to be caused by tumor burden with C-reactive protein and tumor size as possible predictors. Hypermetabolism is present in 50% of the patients, a novelty that can be explained by timing of our assessments. After 12 sessions of paclitaxel chemotherapy, REE remained elevated while fat-free mass decreased. We suggest that this decline results from muscle wasting, involving catabolic processes that uplift REE. Moreover, fatigue deteriorated during treatment. The higher fatigue levels correlated with measures of energy expenditure, which is a new finding that 15 can entail a possible clinical meaning. The results discussed in section 4.2 show a duality between absolute measures of REE and REE adjusted by fat-free mass. From our findings, we emphasize the importance of body composition and promote REE adjusted by fat-free mass when interpreting energy requirements. The small increase in REE found, albeit within normality ranges from healthy controls, is suggested to result from inter-individual varieties in impact of metabolic dysfunctions on REE. The latter dysfunctions, related to obesity and high adiposity body phenotypes, were present in 60% of the survivors. The interaction between survival and fat mass on REE is, in this light, an intriguing result. This dissertation ends with a final Chapter 5, containing a general discussion. From our studies, we conclude that REE is elevated in the breast cancer-bearing state and remains elevated at mid-treatment, although its etiology might be different. We suggest that tumor burden initially uplifts REE, with Creactive protein, along with tumor size, as predictor. The specific energetic demand of breast cancer was graded as \u2018low\u2019. After chemotherapy, loss of fat-free mass was most notable, suggested to be caused by muscle wasting which increases REE. Concordant with the loss of fat-free mass, fatigue worsened as well. Fatigue correlated with measures of energy expenditure which may carry a clinical meaning that needs to be further studied. Furthermore, breast cancer survivors experience normal levels of REE during de 5-year survival period after treatment, but can be metabolically compromised due to the presence of metabolic dysfunctions (dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia) or medication, hypertension (or medication), insulin resistance (or medication), increased adiposity (FM>30% of total BW, with BMI>25.0 kg/m2), or increased blood glucose). Failing to adapt nutritional intake with energy requirements leads to changes in body weight, that is, in case of breast cancer, mostly experienced as weight gain predominated by fat mass. Current dietary strategies are mostly based on predictions of REE (HBEq), although they underestimate the true energy requirements as measured by IC. With our findings on the respiratory room, we intend to promote its use in metabolic research, and later on in clinical practice. Our results provide scientific basis for further research on specific nutritional requirements during and in the aftercare of breast cancer. We promote that supportive strategies should be based on lifestyle interventions, balancing energy intake and energy expenditure, with the ultimate goal to support body composition and prevent metabolic deterioration
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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