184 research outputs found
Background data for: "The instantaneous structure of a turbulent wall-bounded flow influenced by freestream turbulence: streamwise evolution"
No full textThis data set contains planar Particle Image Velocimetry measurement fields for the experiments described in the article titled "The instantaneous structure of a turbulent wall-bounded flow influenced by freestream turbulence: streamwise evolution" (doi:10.1017/jfm.2024.1008).
The experiments were conducted in a water channel at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The setup includes an active grid to control freestream conditions. To analyze the evolution of the flow, the boundary layer was tested at four different streamwise locations for three grid sequences with freestream turbulence intensities up to 10.9%. Careful preprocessing was implemented to ensure high accuracy and minimal uncertainties.
This work was funded by the Research Council of Norway (see funding information): Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the Research Council of Norway. The granting authority cannot be held responsible for them.</p
Characteristics of Wise People Based on Implicit Theories: Regarding Group and Gender Differences
No full textThis study with the aim of investigating characteristics of wise people based on implicit theories was conducted in the frame of qualitative and quantitative research designs. 334participants (189 malesand145females) in three age groups of adolescent (n=113), Young (n=134) and middle-aged (n=87) who were selected randomly answered an open-ended questionnaire. Results showed that in the total sample of 334, considering all aspects of every event is at first place of mentioned traits/behaviors (39.1 percent). The other traits /behaviors were, considering all aspects of every event, faithful, thoughtful and rational, tolerant and lenient, knowledgeable, kind, respect for themselves and others, wise, farsighted and intelligent respectively. In males and females ‘view wise was at first place of mentioned traits/behaviors (35.4 and 44.8 percent respectively). The other traits/behaviors had different priorities, and only in faithful, intelligent, farsighted, thoughtful and rational, just and knowing differences were statistically significant. Furthermore, differences were seen in age groups priorities but only respect for themselves and other people was statistically significant
Optimization of Pin-Fins for a Heat Exchanger by Entropy Generation Minimization and Constructal Law
No full textP.O. Box 552, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China
Masoud Asadi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Azad Islamic University Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1615918683, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
Giulio Lorenzini
Full Professor Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 181A, Parma 43124, Italy
1 Introduction
Employing pin-fins on a heated surface promotes heat transfer performance. Given their inexpensive and simple structure, pin- fins have extensive applications in cooling ranges from electronic equipment to the automobile industry. In diesel engines, about two-thirds of the input energy is wasted through the exhaust gas and cooling water. In this sense, it is important that a serious effort should be launched for conserving this energy. A pin-fin heat exchanger is an excellent choice for recovering waste energy in an automobile with diesel engine. Traditional methods for design- ing the exchanger are not very applicable because of relatively high pressure drop. Effective optimization methods are therefore necessary to enhance heat transfer performance with low pressure drop. Although there exist various methods for optimization of designs of heat exchangers, such optimizations were considered as manual designs by using different optimization algorithm rather than based on nature design from the standpoint of thermodynam- ics. This study focuses on the optimization of pin-fin geometry for a new heat exchanger by using EGM and CL.
EGM is widely used to evaluate thermal and energy systems in view of thermodynamic imperfection [1,2]. For example, Saffari- pour and Culham [3] presented a new nonintrusive method for the measurement of entropy production in microscale thermal-fluid devices. The entropy generation map was also obtained by post- processing the velocity and temperature distribution data. They used microparticle image velocimetry and laser-induced fluores- cence methods to measure data. Li and Kleinstreuer [4] analyzed the entropy generation in trapezoidal microchannels. They found that there existed an optimal Reynolds number range in order to
1Corresponding author.
Contributed by the Heat Transfer Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER. Manuscript received March 22, 2014; final manuscript received June 25, 2014; published online March 17, 2015. Assoc. Editor: Cesare Biserni.
Optimization of Pin-Fins for a Heat Exchanger by Entropy Generation Minimization and Constructal Law
Pin-fins are considered as one of the best elements for heat transfer enhancement in heat exchangers. In this study, the topology of pin-fins (length, diameter, and shape) is opti- mized based on the entropy generation minimization (EGM) theory coupled with the con- structal law (CL). Such pin-fins are employed in a heat exchanger in a sensible thermal energy storage (TES) system so as to enhance the rate of heat transfer. First, the EGM method is used to obtain the optimal length of pin-fins, and then the CL is applied to get the optimal diameter and shape of pin-fins. Reliable computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of various constructal pin-fin models are performed, and detailed flow and heat transfer characteristics are presented. The results show that by using the proposed system with optimized pin-fin heat exchanger the stored thermal energy can be increased by 10.2%
Redefinition of new physics philosophical principles for explaining motion phenomenon
No full textIn this research, the author attempts to make a fundamental revision on the Newtonian mechanics to provide a new theory having a more diverse range of phenomena explained. It is proposed that the first and second laws are reformed and the third one is held while the general law of gravity has been removed. The basic concepts of Newtonian mechanics are location, mass and absolute time. The absolute time being held, mass is included as a more general concept and location is not an original concept, but a second order one. Motion in 3D frame is considered to be an inherent property for 3D objects and location is its integration. On the other hand, location for light as a 4D object is not sensible. The free fall phenomenon is described without using Newton’s general law of gravity. The well-known experimentally verified results of relativity theories (special and general) are covered by three postulations of the new theory. The gravity is a result of Ether’s motion as a fluid among cosmological masses and the accelerating expansions of galaxies as well as the fast motion of objects in the galaxies margin are shown to be explainable without needing some unknowns such as dark energy and dark matter. The philosophical aspects of new theory are analyzed at the end
Infeasible Interior-Point Methods for Linear Optimization Based on Large Neighborhood
No full textIn this paper, we design a class of infeasible interior-point methods for linear optimization based on large neighborhood. The algorithm is inspired by a full-Newton step infeasible algorithm with a linear convergence rate in problem dimension that was recently proposed by the second author. Unfortunately, despite its good numerical behavior, the theoretical convergence rate of our algorithm is worse up to square root of problem dimension.Delft Institute of Applied MathematicsElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Phyllotetranychus hadii Mahdavi & Latifi & Asadi 2019, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Phyllotetranychus hadii</i> Mahdavi, Latifi and Asadi sp. nov. <p>(Figs 1–9)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype, female, <b>IRAN,</b> Manujan-Kerman Province, 27°19′ N 57°30′ E, ex. <i>Washingtonia filifera</i> (Arecaceae), 20 September 2018, coll. S. M. Mahdavi.</p> <p>Paratypes. Seven females, one male and one larva, same data as holotype.</p> <p> <b>Type deposition.</b> All type specimens were deposited at SBUK except one female paratype deposited at ACASI.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Female: most dorsal setae broadly orbicular to ovate, leaf-like; all dorsal setae with pseudovenation; dorsal setae <i> v 2</i> , <i> c 1</i> , <i> c 3, d 1, e 1,</i> and <i> h 1</i> large, elongate (with <i> e 1</i> shortest of these), lanceolate, tapering setae <i> h 1</i> are much longer than, and obviously dissimilar in shape to, setae <i> h 2</i> ; <i> c 2</i> larger than <i> d 2</i> and <i> e 2</i> ; prodorsum cuticle with strong transverse pattern medially and fine oblique striae laterally; dorsal opisthosomal cuticle with irregular pattern medially, with cells formed in some areas; setation of legs I–IV: coxae 1-1-0-0; trochanters 1-1-1- 1; femora 4-4-0-0; genua 2-2-0-0; tibiae 4-4-2-2; tarsi 9(1 <i>ω</i>)-9(1 <i>ω</i>)-5-5; femur and genu I–II with small, broad, orbicular dorsal seta <i>d</i>, tibia I–II with dorsal seta <i>d</i> elongate, narrow, lanceolate. Male: anterior dorsal body setae (<i> v 2</i> to setal row D) orbicular, posterior dorsal setae (setal row E to posterior) becoming elongate, lanceolate; Setation of legs I–IV: coxae 1-1-0-0; trochanters 1-1-1-1; femora 4-4-0-0; genua 2-2-0-0; tibiae 4-4-4-3; tarsi 10(2 <i>ω</i>)-10(2 <i>ω</i>)- 5-5; femur and genu I–II with dorsal seta <i>d</i> orbicular to obovate, tibia I–II with dorsal seta <i>d</i> elongate, narrow, lanceolate, tibia III–IV with dorsal seta <i>d</i> orbicular to obovate.</p> <p> <b>Description. FEMALE (Holotype). (n=7; Figs 1–3).</b> Length of idiosoma (<i> v 2 –h 1</i> ) 221–227 (225); width of idiosoma 185–193 (187).</p> <p> <i>Dorsum</i> (Fig. 1): Dorsum with 16 pairs of setae broad orbicular to ovate, with pseudovenation; prodorsum cuticle with strong transverse pattern medially and fine oblique striae laterally; dorsal opisthosomal cuticle with irregular pattern medially, with cells formed in some areas; dorsal setae <i> v 2</i> and <i> h 1</i> elongate, lanceolate-falcate, tapering; setae <i> h 1</i> are much longer than, and obviously dissimilar in shape to, setae <i> h 2</i> and <i> v 2</i> longer than longitudinal distance between setae <i> v 2 –c 1</i> ; setae <i> c 1</i> , <i> c 3, d 1</i> and <i> e 1</i> elongate (with <i> e 1</i> shortest of these), lanceolate, tapering; setae <i> c 2</i> larger than <i> d 2</i> and <i> e 2</i> ; setae <i> v 2</i> are longest and <i> e 2</i> are the shortest dorsal setae; dorsolateral setae mostly orbicular; anterior margin of prodorsum with two pairs of prodorsal projections. Lengths of setae: <i> v 2</i> 116– 119 (118), <i> sc 1</i> 50–54 (53), <i> sc 2</i> 37–38 (37), <i> c 1</i> 114–121 (114), <i> c 2</i> 41–42 (41), <i> c 3</i> 68–135 (120), <i> d 1</i> 103–104 (104), <i>d</i> <i> 2</i> 31– 33 (32), <i> d 3</i> 66–69 (67), <i> e 1</i> 90–105 (91), <i> e 2</i> 27 (27), <i> e 3</i> 59 –62 (62), <i> f 2</i> 51–53 (53), <i> f 3</i> 40–43 (42), <i> h 1</i> 109–155 (111), <i> h 2</i> 47–49 (47). Distances between dorsal setae: <i> v 2 –v 2</i> 58 –59 (59), <i> sc 1 –sc 1</i> 99 (99), <i> sc 2 –sc 2</i> 161–163 (161), <i> c 1 –c 1</i> 57–62 (62), <i> c 2 –c 2</i> 121–126 (122), <i> c 3 –c 3</i> 175–177 (176), <i>d</i> <i> 1 –d 1</i> 62–75 (62), <i>d</i> <i> 2 –d 2</i> 96–98 (97), <i> d 3 –d 3</i> 168–169 (167), <i> e 1 – e 1</i> 46 (46), <i> e 2 –e 2</i> 99–98 (99), <i> e 3 –e 3</i> 159–162 (160), <i> f 2 –f 2</i> 151–154 (151), <i> f 3 –f 3</i> 129–131 (129), <i> h 1 –h</i> <i> 1</i> 26–29 (27), <i> h 2 –h 2</i> 83–90 (84). <i>Venter</i> (Fig. 2b) with broadly spaced coarse transverse striae between <i>1a–4a</i>, and fine transverse striae between <i>4a–ag</i>; one pair of aggenital setae (<i>ag</i>); two pairs of each genital setae (<i> g 1–2</i> ) and pseudanal setae (<i> ps 1–2</i> ). Lengths of setae: <i>1a</i> 74–77 (76), <i>3a</i> 12–16 (13), <i>4a</i> 13–15 (13), <i>ag</i> 16–18 (18), <i>g</i> <i> 1</i> 24–25 (24), <i>g</i> <i> 2</i> 21–24 (24), <i>ps</i> <i> 1</i> 10–11 (10), <i>ps</i> <i> 2</i> 11–12 (11). Distances between setae: <i>1a–1a</i> 24–25 (25), <i>3a–3a</i> 53–55 (53), <i>4a–4a</i> 40–43 (40), <i>ag– ag</i> 13 (13), <i> g 1 –g</i> <i> 1</i> 12–14 (12), <i> g 2 –g</i> <i> 2</i> 27–31 (27). <i>Gnathosoma</i> (Fig. 2a): Palp two-segmented; palp tibio-tarsus with one eupathidium <i>ul'ζ</i> 4–5 (5) and two tactile setae, palp femorogenu with one serrate seta (<i>d</i>). Ventral infracapitulum without any setae. <i>Legs</i> (Fig. 3): Setation of legs I–IV: coxae 1(<i>1b</i>)–1(<i>2b</i>)–0–0; trochanters 1(<i>v'</i>)– 1(<i>v'</i>)–1(<i>v'</i>)–1(<i>v'</i>); femora 4(<i>d</i>, <i>bv"</i>, <i>v'</i>, <i>l'</i>)–4(<i>d, bv", v', l'</i>)–0–0; genua 2(<i>d, l'</i>)–2(<i>d, l'</i>)–0–0; tibiae 4(<i>d, v', v", l'</i>)–4(<i>d, v', v", l'</i>)–2(<i>d, v'</i>)–2(<i>v'</i>, <i>v"</i>); tarsi 9(<i>ft', ft", ω", u', u", p'ζ, p"ζ, tc', tc"</i>)–9(<i>ft', ft", ω", u', u", p'ζ, p"ζ, tc', tc"</i>)–5(<i>ft', u', u", tc', tc"</i>)–5(<i>ft', u', u", tc', tc"</i>); solenidion on tarsus I <i>ω"</i> 8–9 (8), solenidion on tarsus II <i>ω"</i> 6–7 (7); dorsal seta <i>d</i> on femora and genua I–II orbicular; dorsal seta <i>d</i> on tibia I–II narrow, lanceolate; all pretarsi with true claws uncinate and empodium pad-like. Variation in setal counts on tibia III–IV as follows: tibia III with 3(<i>d, v', v"</i> present; <i>l"</i> absent) setae (n=1); tibia IV with 1(<i>v'</i>) setae (n=2).</p> <p> <b>MALE. (n=1; Figs 4–6):</b> Length of idiosoma (<i> v 2 –h 1</i> ) 142; width of idiosoma 131.</p> <p> <i>Dorsum</i> (Fig. 4): Prodorsum with smooth cuticle; opisthosoma with mostly smooth cuticle, except with band of transverse striae between setal rows D and E; anterior dorsal body setae (<i> v 2</i> to setal row D) orbicular, posterior dorsal setae (setal row E to posterior) becoming elongate, lanceolate; anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without prodorsal projections. Lengths of setae: <i> v 2</i> 30, <i> sc 1</i> 35, <i> sc 2</i> 22, <i> c 1</i> 33, <i> c 2</i> 21, <i> c 3</i> 25, <i> d 1</i> 22, <i> d 2</i> 19, <i> d 3</i> 36, <i> e 1</i> 33, <i> e 2</i> 25, <i> e 3</i> 50, <i> f 2</i> 43, <i> f 3</i> 58, <i> h 1</i> 43, <i> h 2</i> 58. Distances between dorsal setae: <i> v 2 –v 2</i> 49, <i> sc 1 –sc 1</i> 78, <i> sc 2 –sc 2</i> 122, <i> c 1 –c 1</i> 62, <i> c 2 – c 2</i> 106, <i> c 3 –c 3</i> 123, <i> d 1 –d 1</i> 61, <i> d 2 –d 2</i> 93, <i> d 3 –d 3</i> 112, <i> e 1 – e 1</i> 22, <i> e 2 –e 2</i> 87, <i> e 3 –e 3</i> 96, <i> f 2 –f 2</i> 50, <i> f 3 –f 3</i> 64, <i> h 1 –h 1</i> 5, <i> h 2 –h 2</i> 40. <i>Venter</i> (Fig. 5): with broadly spaced coarse transverse striae between <i>1a–3a</i> and between <i>4a–ag</i>, with band of fine transverse striae level with <i>3a–3a</i>, and regions of smooth cuticle between coxae IV–IV and posterior to setae <i>ag</i>. Lengths of setae: <i>1a</i> 58, <i>3a</i> 14, <i>4a</i> 17, <i>ag</i> 15, <i> g 1</i> 18, <i> g 2</i> 20, <i> ps 1</i> 18, <i> ps 2</i> 17. Distances between setae: <i>1a–1a</i> 21, <i>3a–3a</i> 45, <i>4a–4a</i> 39, <i>ag–ag</i> 7, <i> g 1 –g 1</i> 8, <i> g 2 –g 2</i> 17. Length of aedeagus 290 (Fig. 5c). <i>Gnathosoma</i>: (Fig. 5b) similar to female with one eupathidium <i>ul'ζ</i> (4). <i>Legs</i> (Fig. 6): Setation of legs I–IV: coxae 1(<i>1b</i>)–1(<i>2b</i>)–0–0; trochanters 1(<i>v'</i>)–1(<i>v'</i>)–1(<i>v'</i>)– 1(<i>v'</i>); femora 4(<i>d, bv", v', l'</i>)– 4(<i>d, bv", v', l'</i>)–0–0; genua 2(<i>d, l'</i>)–2(<i>d, l'</i>)–0–0; tibiae 4(<i>d, v', v", l'</i>)–4(<i>d, v', v", l'</i>)– 4(<i>d, v', v", l'</i>)– 3(<i>d, v', v"</i>); tarsi 10(<i>ft', ft", ω", ω', u', u", p'ζ, p"ζ, tc', tc"</i>)–10(<i>ft', ft", ω", ω', u', u", p'ζ, p"ζ, tc', tc"</i>)–5(<i>ft', u', u", tc', tc"</i>)–5(<i>ft', u', u", ω', tc"</i>); solenidia on tarsus I <i>ω"</i> (9), <i>ω'</i> (11), solenidia on tarsus II <i>ω"</i> (9), <i>ω'</i> (11); femur and genu I–II with dorsal seta <i>d</i> obovate; tibia I–II with dorsal seta <i>d</i> narrow, lanceolate; tibia III–IV with dorsal setae broad; all pretarsi with true claws uncinate and empodium pad-like.</p> <p> <b>LARVA. (n=1; Figs 7–9):</b> Length of idiosoma (<i> v 2 –h 1</i> ) 127; width of idiosoma 121.</p> <p> <i>Dorsum</i> (Fig. 7): full complement of 16 dorsal setae similar to the adult; only dorsal setae <i> v 2</i> are broadly orbicular, with pseudovenation; setae <i> c 1</i> and <i> d 1</i> narrowly lanceolate, and remaining dorsal setae small to minute, clavate. Prodorsum cuticle with striations transverse medially and longitudinal laterally; anterior margin of prodorsum with a pair of prodorsal projections. Lengths of setae: <i> v 2</i> 28, <i> sc 1</i> 6, <i> sc 2</i> 6, <i> c 1</i> 21, <i> c 2</i> 5, <i> c 3</i> 6, <i> d 1</i> 18, <i> d 2</i> 4, <i> d 3</i> 4, <i> e 1</i> 5, <i> e 2</i> 3, <i> e 3</i> 3, <i> f 2</i> 3, <i> f 3</i> 3, <i> h 1</i> 4, <i> h 2</i> 4. Distances between dorsal setae: <i> v 2 –v 2</i> 39, <i> sc 1 –sc 1</i> 67, <i> sc 2 –sc 2</i> 103, <i> c 1 –c 1</i> 44, <i> c 2 –c 2</i> 100, <i> c 3 –c 3</i> 111, <i> d 1 –d 1</i> 40, <i> d 2 –d 2</i> 89, <i> d 3 –d 3</i> 91, <i> e 1 – e 1</i> 30, <i> e 2 –e 2</i> 60, <i> e 3 –e 3</i> 64, <i> f 2 –f 2</i> 29, <i> f 3 –f 3</i> 32, <i> h 1 –h 1</i> 9, <i> h 2 –h 2</i> 13. <i>Venter</i> (Fig. 8): cuticle with fine transverse striations between setae <i>1a</i> to coxa III. Lengths of setae: <i>1a</i> 40, <i>3a</i> 9, <i> ps 1</i> 2, <i> ps 2</i> 2. Distances between intercoxal setae: <i>1a–1a</i> 29, <i>3a–3a</i> 60. <i>Gnathosoma</i> (Fig. 8a): similar to female with one eupathidium <i>ul'ζ</i> (3). <i>Legs</i> (Figs. 9): Setation of legs I–III: coxae 0–0–0; trochanters 0–0–0; femora 3(<i>d, bv", v'</i>)– 2(<i>bv", v'</i>)–0; genua 1(<i>l'</i>)–1(<i>l'</i>)–0; tibiae 4(<i>d, v', v", l'</i>)–4(<i>d, v', v", l'</i>)–2(<i>d, v'</i>); tarsi 7(<i>ft', ft", ω", u', u", p'ζ, p"ζ</i>)–7(<i>ft', ft", ω", u', u", p'ζ, p"ζ</i>)–3(<i>ft', u', u"</i>); solenidion on tarsus I <i>ω"</i> (4), solenidion on tarsus II <i>ω"</i> (3); tibia I–II with dorsal seta <i>d</i> narrowly lanceolate; all pretarsi with true claws uncinate and empodium pad-like.</p> <p> <b>DEUTONYMPH, PROTONYMPH.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is named in honor of Mr. Sayed Hadi Mahdavi, brother of the senior author for his helpful comments about new methods of computer drawings.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Phyllotetranychus hadii</i> is easily separated from other species of this genus as follows: Female, 1. Dorsal setae <i> v 2</i> are elongate, lanceolate-falcate, tapering in <i>P. hadii</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, whereas setae <i> v 2</i> are broad and strongly ovate to rhombic in <i>P. aegyptium</i> and <i>P. gawadii</i>, and narrowly oblong in <i>P. romaine</i>; setae <i> c 3</i> and <i> h 1</i> are lanceolatefalcate, tapering in <i>P. hadii</i> vs. setae <i> c 3</i> and <i> h 1</i> broadly orbicular to weakly falcate in the other three species. 2. Dorsal setae <i> h 1</i> are much longer than, and obviously dissimilar in shape to, setae <i>h</i> <i> 2</i> in <i>P. hadii</i>, vs. setae <i> h 1</i> and <i> h 2</i> of similar shape and size to each other in the other species. 3. Setae <i> c 3</i> and <i> d 3</i> are dissimilar in shape and length to each other in <i>P. hadii</i>, vs. setae <i> c 3</i> and <i> d 3</i> of similar shape and length to each other in the other species. 4. Setation of coxae, femora and tibiae are different between <i>P. hadii</i> and <i>P. gawadii</i>. Male, 1. With dorsal body setae <i> c 1, d 1</i> and <i> e 1</i> similar in shape and size to each other in <i>P. hadii</i>, <i>P. aegyptium</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>gawadii</i> vs. setae <i> c 1</i> , <i> d 1</i> , <i> e 1</i> dissimilar in shape and size to each other in <i>P. romaine</i>. 2. Dorsal body setae <i> f 2</i> are smaller than <i>f</i> <i> 3</i> in <i>P. hadii</i> vs. similar in shape and size in <i>P. aegyptium</i> and <i>P. gawadii</i>. The setation of the legs of <i>P. gawadii</i> needs further attention as some setae reported present or absent for that species, and the differences between males and females, are unusual. Our attempt to borrow the types was unsuccessful.</p> <p> It seems likely that <i>P. gawadii</i> is a junior synonym of <i>P. aegyptium</i>. Both species are from date palm in northern Egypt, so share the same type host and general type locality. According to Halawa <i>et al</i>. (2015), the species are separated by the shape of setae <i> v 2</i> in females, the shape of setae <i> c 1</i> and <i>d</i> <i> 1</i> in males, and the size of setae <i>sc</i> <i> 1</i> in larvae; leg chaetotaxy is also stated as being completely different.</p> <p> The shape and size of dorsal setae are prone to some variation. This may be natural, but setae vary in size and shape due to slide-mounting variation, especially for these broad setae found in <i>Phyllotetranychus</i>, which may be flattened to different degrees during slide-mounting. This variation and possible synonymy warrants further studies including examination of types and consideration of more material on date palms. Furthermore, the claimed differences in leg chaetotaxy are highly unlikely to be real as leg chaetotaxy was not studied in <i>P. aegyptium</i>. Also, the authors state that <i>P. aegyptium</i> has only one nymphal stage and that <i>P. gawadii</i> has three. Zaher <i>et al</i>. (1969) claimed that <i>P. aegyptium</i> had one nymphal stage, but all flat mites have a larva and two nymphal stages, so this deserves further attention. Halawa <i>et al.</i> (2015) make the unusual claim that <i>P. gawadii</i> has retained the tritonymph. However, it seems more likely that <i>P. gawadii</i> has sexual dimorphism of the deutonymph, as noted by Beard <i>et al.</i> (2018) for the closely related genus <i>Raoiella.</i></p>Published as part of <i>Mahdavi, Sayed Mosayeb, Latifi, Malihe & Asadi, Mahdieh, 2019, A new species of Phyllotetranychus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Iran, pp. 566-578 in Zootaxa 4565 (4)</i> on pages 567-577, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.4.10, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2591261">http://zenodo.org/record/2591261</a>
Kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction on a highly porous three-dimensional Ni catalyst in the presence of a Mo ion activator in alkaline solution
No full text
In situ activated 3D-Ni by Mo ions in alkaline solution studied by various electrochemical methods for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).</p
New Extension of <i>p</I>-metric Spaces With Some Fixed-Point Results on <i>m</I>-metric Spaces
No full textAsadi, Mehdi/0000-0003-2170-9919; KARAPINAR, ERDAL/0000-0002-6798-3254In this paper, we extend the p-metric space to an M-metric space, and we shall show that the definition we give is a real generalization of the p-metric by presenting some examples. In the sequel we prove some of the main theorems by generalized contractions for getting fixed points and common fixed points for mappings.I.A.U., Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, IranThe authors express their deep gratitude to the referee for his/her valuable comments and suggestions. This paper has been supported by the I.A.U., Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran. The first author would like to thank for this support. The authors would like to thank Professors William A (Art) Kirk and Billy E. Rhoades for helpful advise which led them to present this paper
The Development of Self and Other Forgiveness from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the development of self, others, and situation forgiveness from adolescence to emerging adulthood. To this end, 395 individuals, aged 12 to 25 years in four age groups living in Isfahan, Iran, were selected by cluster (for the first three groups) and available sampling (for the fourth group). The study was a cross-sectional study with using the causal-comparative design and the required data were collected with the Forgiveness Scale. The results of the analysis of variance showed that forgiveness of self had a slight decreasing trend from the beginning of adolescence to adulthood. The results also revealed that forgiveness of others declined from 12 to 16 years of age, however, it increased in emerging adulthood. Moreover, the changes in situation forgiveness were not significant in four groups. Eta squared results showed a small effect of age on the forgiveness of self (2%) and forgiveness of others (4%). Finally, there was no significant gender difference in the forgiveness of self and others in different age groups.Introduction*Forgiveness can be defined as a decision to release negative feelings, cognition, and behaviors based on a sense of sympathy, respect and grievance for guilty (Lavafpour et al., 2014). Neto et al. (2014) pointed out three forms of forgiveness: other, self, and situation forgiveness. Other forgiveness manifests itself in intentionally reducing the negative feelings and thoughts against others. Furthermore, self forgiveness refers to passionately releasing the sense of agony against oneself and conversely improving compassion and love for the self (Enright, 1996). Additionally, situation forgiveness refers to rendering all the negative thoughts and feelings surrounding the inevitable hard situations (Tompson et al., 2005). Chiaramello et al. (2008), in their study of the development of forgiveness in adolescence, found that teenagers in the middle of adolescence were less forgiving and more vindictive than in the beginning. Subkowiak et al. (1995) also found that teenagers usually forgave significantly less than adults in similar situations. After adolescence, forgiveness of others increases with age in adulthood. This is because adolescence is the time of identity formation (Berk, 2007, 2014) and emerging adulthood is the period of identity consolidation (Arnett, 2000; Lotfabadi, 2009). Moreover, different ways of socialization of boys and girls (Dastranj, 2013) may cause gender differences in their forgiveness. As such, it can be concluded that the desire to forgive has a developmental trend. This research study aimed to seek this developmental trend for forgiveness from adolescence to emerging adulthood. MethodThis study employed a cross-sectional study with a causal-comparative design. Its statistical sample included 395 individuals whose aged ranged from 12 to 25 years living in Esfahan, Iran. The group classification was a 12-year-old group (55 girls and 50 boys), a 14-year-old group (49 girls and 51 boys), a 16-year-old group (51 girls and 45 boys), and an 18-23-year-old group (48 girls and 46 boys). They were selected by cluster (for the first three groups) and available sampling (for the fourth group). The data were gathered using the Hartland Forgiveness Scale (2005). Hartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson et al., 2005) includes 18 items in three subscales (self, other, and situation forgiveness). The items are on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (the least amount of forgiveness) to 5 (the highest amount of forgiveness). The descriptive indices (mean, standard deviation), independent group t-tests, multivariate analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the obtained data. ResultsAccording to the multivariate analysis of variance, there was a significant difference between age groups in the forgiveness of self and others. However, the eta squares for both variables were .02 and .04, respectively, which indicates a small effect. Self-forgiveness differed significantly only between the two groups of 12 and 18-25 years old. Self-forgiveness scores decreased among 18-25-year-olds as compared to 12-year-olds (mean diff.=1.31, p = 0.02). Nonetheless, there were significant differences between the three groups in terms of other forgiveness. There was a decrease in other forgiveness between 16-years-old group and to 12-years-old (Mean diff.=1.63, p = 0.05), and there was an increase in forgiveness for the 18-25 years-old and 14 and 16-years-old groups (Mean diff.= -1.686, p=0.05 and Mean diff.= -2.668, p=0.001). Independent t-tests were used to examine gender differences in forgiveness scores for girls and boys in each age group. Only for situation forgiveness among the12-years-old group, the gender difference was significant with an effect size of (η2=0.05, t=2.39, and p=0.01), while no difference was observed in the other groups. In the 12-year-old group, the scores of situation forgiveness were higher for boys than girls. ConclusionThe results showed that other forgiveness decreased during adolescence and reached its lowest level at the age of 16 and after that, in emerging adulthood, other forgiveness increased significantly. The research of Girard and Mallet (2012) and Chiramello et al. (2008) reported the developmental course of forgiveness of others in adolescents until the age of 15. Also, Subkowiak et al. (1995) stated that adolescents were significantly less forgiving than their same-sex parents in similar situations. As expected, the conflict of the emerging adulthood stage of intimacy versus isolation and relationships with others becomes important for the individual; therefore, the person preserves one’s valuable relationships by forgiving others' mistakes (Kaleta & Mróz, 2018). Also, the findings showed that the development of self-forgiveness has a downward slope, and the 18-25-years-old group forgave themselves significantly less than the 12-year-old group. During adolescence, when identity is formed, self-forgiveness does not change much, but with the emergence of self-esteem, self-evaluation takes place, and a person becomes more sensitive about one’s mistakes, and self-forgiveness becomes more difficult and decreases. However, this research study did not find significant changes in situation forgiveness in four groups. Unfortunately, research background focuses on the forgiveness of others, and other dimensions of forgiveness have not been carefully investigated yet. Therefore, there is little evidence to compare the findings of self-forgiveness and situation, especially during adolescence. In addition, some factors such as small effect sizes and low statistical power can limit generalization of the findings of the present study. Ethical Consideration Compliance with Ethical Guidelines: All ethical issues such as informed consent and confidentiality of participants' identity were respected. Authors’ Contributions: All authors contributed to the study. The first author wrote the first draft of the manuscript. The second and third authors edited the manuscript and the second author is corresponding author.Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest for this study. Funding: This study was conducted with no financial support and is part of M.A. thesis of the first author.Acknowledgment: The authors thank all participants in the study. *. Corresponding autho
Twisting Theory: ANew Artificial Adaptive System for Landslide Prediction
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Twisting Theory: A New Artificial Adaptive System for Landslide Prediction
by Paolo Massimo Buscema 1,2,*ORCID,Weldon A. Lodwick 2,Masoud Asadi-Zeydabadi 2,Francis Newman 2,Marco Breda 1ORCID,Riccardo Petritoli 1,Giulia Massini 1,David Buscema 1,Donatella Dominici 3ORCID andFabio Radicioni 4ORCID
1
Semeion Research Center of Sciences of Communication, 00128 Rome, Italy
2
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80204, USA
3
Department of Civil, Construction-Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
4
Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Geosciences 2023, 13(4), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13040115
Submission received: 29 December 2022 / Revised: 22 March 2023 / Accepted: 24 March 2023 / Published: 12 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geophysical Risks: The Future of Observatories, The Observatories of the Future)
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Abstract
Landslides pose a significant risk to human life. The Twisting Theory (TWT) and Crown Clustering Algorithm (CCA) are innovative adaptive algorithms that can determine the shape of a landslide and predict its future evolution based on the movement of position sensors located in the affected area. In the first part of this study, the TWT and CCA will be thoroughly explained from a mathematical and theoretical perspective. In the second part, these algorithms will be applied to real-life cases, the Assisi landslide (1995–2008) and the Corvara landslide (2000–2008). A correlation of 0.9997 was attained between the model estimates and the expert’s posterior measurements at both examined sites. The results of these applications reveal that the TWT can accurately identify the overall shape of the landslides and predict their progression, while the CCA identifies complex cause-and-effect relationships among the sensors and represents them in a clear, weighted graph. To apply this model to a wider area and secure regions at risk of landslides, it is important to emphasize its operational feasibility as it only requires the installation of GNSS sensors in a predetermined grid in the target area
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