128 research outputs found
Retrospective subjective evaluation of aesthetic outcome in secondary cleft lip deformities operated with Abbe’s flap
Full text linkBackground:The Abbe’s flap is most commonly used to repair the full thickness defects of the lip that do not involve the commissure. The Abbe flap was first introduced to correct the secondary deformity of bilateral cleft lip. By this pedicled flap, we are able to equalize the disparity which existed between the tight upper lip and excessive lower lip. Aims to study retrospective subjective evaluation of aesthetic outcome in secondary cleft lip deformities operated with Abbe’s flap.Methods:29 patients operated during the period of January 2007 - December 2011 for correction of secondary cleft lip and nasal deformity with Abbe’s flap with or without rhinoplasty were included in our retrospective study. The secondary corrective surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. The photographs of the patients were retrospectively assessed by two plastic surgeons and one oral and maxillofacial surgeon, other than the one who performed the surgery. 29 patients operated during the period of January 2007 - December 2011 for correction of secondary cleft lip and nasal deformity with Abbe’s flap with or without rhinoplasty were included in our retrospective study. The secondary corrective surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. The photographs of the patients were retrospectively assessed by two plastic surgeons and one oral and maxillofacial surgeon, other than the one who performed the surgery.Results:Out of 29 patients with secondary cleft deformities 12 were male and 17 were female. Average follow up period was 3 years. Multiple variables of the nose and the lips were used to assess the aesthetic outcome of Abbe’s flap.Conclusion:As per the subjective retrospective analysis of our study we have come to the conclusion that Abbe’s flap is a work horse for correction of shortage of tissue for the secondary cleft lip deformities. Uniform satisfactory outcome was obtained with a more natural contour and more satisfactory proportion of both lips.
Examining The Relationship Between Children\u27s Dietary Patterns and The Development of Dental Problems
Full text linkBackground: This cross-sectional study explores the relationship between children\u27s dietary patterns and the development of dental problems in a sample of 200 participants aged 6 to 12 years. Recognizing the critical role of nutrition in pediatric oral health, the study aims to identify associations between dietary habits, nutrient intake, and prevalent dental issues. Methods: Dietary patterns were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and nutrient intake was analyzed. Clinical examinations by trained dental professionals evaluated dental problems, including caries, enamel erosion, and malocclusions. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were employed to examine associations between dietary patterns and dental outcomes. Results: Demographic characteristics indicated a balanced sample with equal gender distribution and representation across age groups. Analysis of dietary patterns revealed mean values within recommended ranges for caloric intake, protein, carbohydrates, fat, and calcium. Significant associations were found between high sugar consumption and dental caries, low calcium intake and enamel erosion, and irregular snacking habits and malocclusions Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of understanding the intricate relationship between children\u27s dietary patterns and dental health. The identified associations provide insights for targeted interventions aimed at reducing sugar consumption, promoting adequate calcium intake, and addressing irregular snacking habits to enhance pediatric oral health
Investigating The Correlation Between Socioeconomic Factors and The Prevalence of Childhood Dental Problems
Full text linkBackground: This study investigates the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the prevalence of childhood dental problems in the Indian context. Recognizing the importance of oral health in pediatric populations and the potential impact of socioeconomic disparities, the study aims to identify correlations between demographic and socioeconomic indicators and the occurrence of dental issues among children aged 5 to 12 years. Methods: A total of 150 children were recruited, representing various socioeconomic backgrounds. Demographic information, including age and gender, and socioeconomic indicators such as parental education, household income, and dental insurance access, were collected. Clinical examinations assessed the prevalence of childhood dental problems, including dental caries, gingivitis, malocclusions, and other conditions. Socioeconomic indicators were categorized for analysis, and statistical methods, including logistic regression, were employed to explore correlations. Results: In the Indian scenario, the study cohort exhibited diverse characteristics. Result outlines the prevalence of dental problems, with dental caries being the most prominent issue. Gingivitis and malocclusions also contribute to the overall burden of pediatric oral health issues in the Indian context. The study reveals significant correlations between specific socioeconomic factors and the prevalence of childhood dental problems. Notable associations include lower parental education levels correlating with higher rates of dental caries. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the correlation between socioeconomic factors and the prevalence of childhood dental problems in India. The multifaceted nature of this relationship underscores the need for targeted interventions that consider the unique socio-economic dynamics of the Indian population, ultimately contributing to improved pediatric oral health outcomes
How well do India's social service programs serve the poor?
Full text linkReaching India's poor calls for greatly improved social service delivery systems, better targeting of the poor, more coordination between agencies, policies aimed at income generation, and more involvement of the poor and of nongovernmental organizations. The authors of this paper found that India's social services were used relatively little by the poor. The health and education of the poor has improved but not as much for the population as a whole. The reasons that all social service programs did so little to alleviate poverty are similar. Physical access to education and health services has improved but inequalities exist because of biases in locating facilities. The access of the poor to housing, social security, and social welfare services has been limited because these services were inadequate relative to needs and because services leak to the nonpoor. Social service policies are not comprehensive enough and the quality of services is low. Issues common to the social sector delivery systems are weak management, ineffective targeting, and inflexible service delivery systems that result in a mismatch between perceived needs and services delivered. The bureaucracy is inadequate to reach the poor. Existing capacity and resources are inadequate, particularly for education and health.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Economics&Finance,Poverty Assessment,Safety Nets and Transfers,Rural Poverty Reduction
Governing globalization in South Asia through a legal praxis of human rights, development and democracy
No full textABSTRACT
This doctoral thesis in law seeks to understand, and begin to remedy, the immense and avoidable poverty that disenfranchises at least 30 percent of the world's most populous region. Defining South Asia as Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, the study analyses the multidimensional nature, historical origins and modern dynamics of both this material poverty and poverties of human rights, democracy and development. Both critical analysis and creative response are framed within legal history, human rights jurisprudence, constitutional and administrative law, comparative law and public international law, but the author draws extensively on political economy and history, and partially on philosophy, and cultural studies.
Chapter 1 traces the Western evolution of the universal human rights regime, first globalized in 1948 by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It also traces South Asian sociopolitical and religious articulations of human dignity and limitations on legitimate power through the ages. Mostly contrary to culturally relativist claims, South Asia's human rights needs are found to be well served by a genuinely universalist regime including justiciable economic, social and cultural rights as inseparable from civil and political.
Chapters 2 and 3 survey the historical globalizations that have impacted on South Asia. Although globalization is shown to be a neutral phenomenon, the author identifies the insidious contemporary propagation of a particular neo-liberal ideology as being globalization's inevitable and optimal form. The study analyses this propagation by the International Financial Institutions the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, acting through Structural Adjustment Policies and only partially corrective Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. Neo-liberalism supposedly unshackles benign market forces from distorting governmental rules to create spontaneous growth that trickles down to the poor; in fact it employs its own rules to privilege the already wealthy, especially Western capital and transnational corporations (TNCs).
The thesis urges South Asia to govern globalization pro-actively, seeking the virtuous circle of human rights, plural democracy and equitable development. Positive signs have already included national membership in, and constitutional enshrinement of, universal human rights norms, and certain efforts of civil society and non-governmental organizations, fostered at times by activist judiciaries.
Chapter 4 nevertheless catalogues overriding failures to internalize plural democracy and the rule of law, leaving rights nominal and democratic structures hollow. Governments have been obsequious to neo-liberal hegemony, insouciant to their underclasses and exploitative of religious schisms in appeal to tyrannous majoritarianism. The South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation is shown as an inadequate response to the region's multidimensional poverties.
Adapting instead the best practices of the Council of Europe, the Organization of American States, the African Union, and the British Commonwealth from Chapter 5, Chapter 6 details a South Asian Union for Human Rights Development and Democracy to replace SAARC. This new regional response complements global human rights norms and offers South Asia solidarity in confronting neo-liberalism, and holding TNCs, IFIs and especially their own governments accountable to the rule of law, equitable development, deep democracy, wide human rights, and larger freedom in peace and security
Studies on Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3O4@SiO2@Ru Hybrid Magnetic Composites for Reusable Photocatalytic Application
Full text linkDegradation of dye pollutants by the photocatalytic process has been regarded as the most efficient green method for removal organic dyes from contaminated water. The current research work describes the synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2@Ru hybrid magnetic composites (HMCs) and their photocatalytic degradation of two azo dye pollutants, methyl orange (MO) and methyl red (MR), under irradiation of visible light. The synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2@Ru HMCs involves three stages, including synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (MMSs), followed by silica (SiO2) coating to get Fe3O4@SiO2 MMSs, and then incorporation of presynthesized Ru nanoparticles (~3 nm) onto the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 HMCs. The synthesized HMCs were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM, EDS, XPS, BET analysis, UV-DRS, PL spectroscopy, and VSM to study the physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, the narrow band gap energy of the HMC photocatalyst is a significant parameter that provides high photocatalytic properties due to the high light adsorption. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2@Ru HMCs was assessed by researching their ability to degrade the aqueous solution of MO and MR dyes under visible radiation, and the influence of various functional parameters on photocatalytic degradation has also been studied. The results indicate that the photocatalytic degradation of MO and MR dyes is more than 90%, and acid media favors better degradation. The probable mechanism of photodegradation of azo dyes by Fe3O4@SiO2@Ru HMC catalysts has been proposed. Furthermore, due to the strong ferromagnetic Fe3O4 core, HMCs were easily separated from the solution after the photocatalytic degradation process for reuse. Also, the photocatalytic activity after six cycles of use is greater than 90%, suggesting the stability of the synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2@Ru HMCs.</jats:p
Global 30-day morbidity and mortality of surgery for perforated peptic ulcer: GRACE study
No full textBackground: There is little international data on morbidity and mortality of surgery for perforated peptic ulcer (PPU). This study aimed to understand the global 30-day morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing surgery for PPU and to identify variables associated with these. Method: We performed an international study of adults (≥ 18 years) who underwent surgery for PPU from 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Patients who were treated conservatively or had an underlying gastric cancer were excluded. Patients were divided into subgroups according to age (≤ 50 and > 50 years) and time from onset of symptoms to hospital presentation (≤ 24 and > 24 h). Univariate and Multivariate analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with higher 30-day morbidity and mortality. Results: 1874 patients from 159 centres across 52 countries were included. 78.3% (n = 1467) of the patients were males and the median (IQR) age was 49 years (25). Thirty-day morbidity and mortality were 48.5% (n = 910) and 9.3% (n = 174) respectively. Median (IQR) hospital stay was 7 (5) days. Open surgery was performed in 80% (n = 1505) of the cohort. Age > 50 years [(OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4–2), (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 3.1–7.6)], female gender [(OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.4–2.3), (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.9)], shock on admission [(OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.7–2.7), (OR = 4.8, 95% CI 3.2–7.1)], and acute kidney injury [(OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.9–3.2), (OR = 3.9), 95% CI 2.7–5.6)] were associated with both 30-day morbidity and mortality. Delayed presentation was associated with 30-day morbidity [OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6], but not mortality. Conclusions: This study showed that surgery for PPU was associated with high 30-day morbidity and mortality rate. Age, female gender, and signs of shock at presentation were associated with both 30-day morbidity and mortality. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.
Anti-tubercular agents. Part IV: Synthesis and antimycobacterial evaluation of nitroheterocyclic-based 1,2,4-benzothiadiazines
No full textIn continuation of our earlier work on benzothiadiazines, we have prepared a series of nitrofuran, nitrothiophene and
arylfuran coupled benzothiadiazines and evaluated them for antimycobacterial and antibacterial activities. One of the compounds 2f has shown good in vitro antimycobacterial activity. All the synthesized compounds have shown moderate to good antibacterial
activity
Correction: Epidemiology and outcomes of early-onset AKI in COVID-19-related ARDS in comparison with non-COVID-19-related ARDS: insights from two prospective global cohort studies (Critical Care, (2023), 27, 1, (3), 10.1186/s13054-022-04294-5)
No full textFollowing publication of the original article [1], the authors identified that the collaborating authors part of the collaborating author group CCCC Consortium was missing. The collaborating author group is available and included as Additional file 1 in this article
Global Investments in Pandemic Preparedness and Covid-19: Development Assistance and Domestic Spending on Health Between 1990 and 2026
No full textAmeyaw, Edward Kwabena/0000-0002-6617-237X; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga/0000-0001-8844-296X; Khajuria, Himanshu/0000-0002-2438-0007; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian/0000-0001-5262-8367; Fattahi, Hamed/0000-0001-7011-3797; KAAMBWA, BILLINGSLEY/0000-0002-2128-3404; Zaman, Burhan/0000-0002-6480-7693; Al-Hanawi, Mohammed/0000-0002-8419-2219; Krishan, Kewal/0000-0001-5321-0958; Ranabhat, Chhabi L/0000-0002-4460-2121; Berezvai, Zombor/0000-0001-7807-2977; Iradukunda, Arnaud/0000-0002-0995-800X; Mostafavi, Ebrahim/0000-0003-3958-5002; Aruleba, Raphael/0000-0003-0879-344X; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel/0000-0002-1511-2094; Vervoort, Dominique/0000-0002-3142-0388; Catala-Lopez, Ferran/0000-0002-3833-9312; Chattu, Vijay Kumar/0000-0001-9840-8335; Naimzada, Mukhammad David/0000-0002-7894-6029; Rahim, Fakher/0000-0002-2857-4562; Joo, Tamas/0000-0002-3551-6125; Mesregah, Mohamed/0000-0002-8047-9159; Abbas, Jaffar/0000-0002-8830-1435; Goshu, Yitayal Ayalew/0000-0002-3760-4903; Alhassan, Robert Kaba/0000-0003-4227-4854; Guha, Avirup/0000-0003-0253-1174; Batiha, Prof.Dr. Abdul-Monim/0009-0003-8933-7637; Dandona, Rakhi/0000-0003-0926-788X; Hezam, Kamal/0000-0001-8551-8383; Palladino, Raffaele/0000-0002-3437-812X; Hussien, Mohammed/0000-0002-5747-8967; Majeed, Azeem/0000-0002-2357-9858; El Tantawi, Maha/0000-0003-4989-6584; Freitas, Alberto/0000-0003-2113-9653; Kadel, Rajendra/0000-0002-2547-6342; Satpathy, Maheswar/0000-0003-3521-4781; Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse/0000-0001-6213-0191; Lee, Wei Chen/0000-0003-4333-5444; Yunusa, Ismaeel/0000-0002-9107-8561; Tufa, Derara Girma/0000-0002-4905-1189; Barrow, Amadou/0000-0002-6006-9355; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif/0000-0002-1651-3017; Mathews, Elezebeth/0000-0002-0663-9644; /0000-0002-4876-6043; Lorenzovici, Laszlo/0000-0002-1817-2674; Shenoy M, Suchitra/0000-0003-1425-0097; Desye, Belay/0000-0001-5265-0994; Mirza, Moonis/0000-0002-8844-7311; Murthy, Shruti/0000-0002-1523-8244; Isola, Gaetano/0000-0003-4267-6992; Damtew, Mesfin Gebrehiwot/0000-0002-8124-5151; ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J./0000-0001-9382-214X; Ratan, Dr. Zubair Ahmed/0000-0001-7309-9599; LENZI, JACOPO/0000-0003-2882-4223; Meretoja, Atte/0000-0001-6433-1931; Gerema, Urge/0000-0001-5286-5100; Otstavnov, Stanislav/0000-0003-2043-495X; Zare Dehnavi, Ali/0000-0002-8584-6579; Akelew, Yibeltal/0000-0002-8843-3913; Prada Rios, Sergio Ivan/0000-0001-7986-0959; Kumar, G Anil/0000-0002-7986-0905; Debela, Sisay Abebe/0000-0001-7824-7562; Shanawaz, Mohd/0000-0001-6306-8633; Lee, Yo Han/0000-0002-9631-9969; Ayanore, Martin/0000-0002-4095-3047; KM, Shivakumar/0000-0002-8062-9209; Stefan, Simona Catalina/0000-0003-4731-6785; Hoque, Mohammad Enamul/0000-0002-5188-0736; Fatehizadeh, Ali/0000-0001-6067-0637; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana/0000-0001-6025-6022; Dadras, Omid/0000-0001-9385-2170; Perna, Simone/0000-0002-2720-1473; Dodangeh, Milad/0000-0001-6974-7346; Santos, Joao Vasco/0000-0003-4696-1002; Maude, Richard/0000-0002-5355-0562; Santric Milicevic, Milena/0000-0002-0684-359X; Mossialos, Elias/0000-0001-8664-9297; Tichopad, Ales/0000-0002-1308-0877; Alanzi, Turki/0000-0001-6598-1274; Nayak, Biswa Prakash/0000-0002-5680-269X; Suleman, Muhammad/0000-0003-2914-1862; Getnet Kassa, Bekalu/0000-0003-2837-922X; Bhaskar, Sonu/0000-0002-9783-3628; Machado, Vanessa/0000-0003-2503-260X; Saad, Aly/0000-0002-0764-1068; NZOPUTAM, CHIMEZIE/0000-0002-7552-9545; Jurisson, Mikk/0000-0002-4487-7045; , Pawar/0000-0002-6157-2462; Kandel, Himal/0000-0002-6745-6411; Martorell, Miquel/0000-0003-3183-7623; Fowobaje, Kayode/0000-0002-3995-160X; Lee, Shaun/0000-0001-7361-6576; Sathian, Brijesh/0000-0003-0851-4762; Abrigo, Michael R.M./0000-0002-8187-4302; Hay, Simon/0000-0002-0611-7272; Karanth, Shama/0000-0001-5371-6908; Meretoja, Tuomo/0000-0002-2691-0710; Keskin, Cumali/0000-0003-3758-0654; Servan-Mori, Edson/0000-0001-9820-8325; khader, yousef/0000-0002-7830-6857; solomon, yonatan/0000-0002-7798-7267; Buendia, Jefferson Antonio/0000-0003-2404-6612; Sharew, Nigussie Tadesse/0000-0002-6443-6992; Petermann Rocha, Fanny/0000-0002-4384-4962; Fischer, Florian/0000-0002-4388-1245; mohammadi, mokhtar/0000-0002-1393-5062; BALTAZAR MENDES, JOSE JOAO/0000-0003-0167-4077; Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna/0000-0003-3961-2760; Ghafourifard, Mansour/0000-0002-3771-5152; Skhvitaridze, Natia/0000-0002-0312-4151; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu/0000-0002-4043-6605; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson/0000-0001-9458-864X; Alam, Khurshid/0000-0002-7402-7519; Immurana, Mustapha/0000-0001-5711-7566; Golinelli, Davide/0000-0001-7331-9520; Fekadu, Ginenus/0000-0002-4926-0685; akbarialiabad, Hossein/0000-0003-2018-6378; NZOPUTAM, OGOCHUKWU/0000-0002-4508-4928; Rahman, Md. Mosiur/0000-0002-0612-8369; Kompani, Farzad/0000-0001-6090-4595; Rashedi, Sina/0000-0003-0146-5611; Dube, John/0000-0002-5326-8188; Keshri, MD, PhD, Vikash R./0000-0001-6668-0107; Samy, Abdallah/0000-0003-3978-1134; Rashid, Tarik A/0000-0002-8661-258X; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah/0000-0002-4274-8581; Saeed, Umar/0000-0002-9740-0371; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah/0000-0002-2961-2719; Redwan, Elrashdy M./0000-0001-8246-0075; Botelho, Joao/0000-0002-1019-8263; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni/0000-0003-3866-8199; Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine/0000-0002-8152-6068; Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero/0000-0002-9438-1443; Ghanbari, Reza/0000-0001-9296-4293; Abolhassani, Hassan/0000-0002-4838-0407; Mohammed, Shafiu/0000-0001-5715-966X; /0000-0002-9160-6846; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi/0000-0002-7460-6000; Saki, Morteza/0000-0001-7419-0116; Rezaei, Nazila/0000-0003-4241-1783; Oancea, Bogdan/0000-0001-6987-5137; Mirrakhimov, Erkin/0000-0003-2982-6108; Ancuceanu, Robert/0000-0002-9369-3314; Petcu, Ionela-Roxana/0000-0001-7262-4371; YIGIT, Vahit/0000-0002-9805-8504; Monasta, Lorenzo/0000-0001-7774-548X; Vasic, Milena/0000-0001-6340-9338Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US7 center dot 3 trillion (95% UI 7 center dot 2-7 center dot 4) in 2019; 293 center dot 7 times the 43 center dot 1 billion in development assistance was provided to maintain or improve health. The pandemic led to an unprecedented increase in development assistance targeted towards health; in 2020 and 2021, 37 center dot 8 billion was provided for the health-related COVID-19 response. Although the support for pandemic preparedness is 12 center dot 2% of the recommended target by the High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP), the support provided for the health -related COVID-19 response is 252 center dot 2% of the recommended target. Additionally, projected spending estimates suggest that between 2022 and 2026, governments in 17 (95% UI 11-21) of the 137 LMICs will observe an increase in national government health spending equivalent to an addition of 1% of GDP, as recommended by the HLIP. Interpretation There was an unprecedented scale-up in DAH in 2020 and 2021. We have a unique opportunity at this time to sustain funding for crucial global health functions, including pandemic preparedness. However, historical patterns of underfunding of pandemic preparedness suggest that deliberate effort must be made to ensure funding is maintained.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19K19432, 21KK0293] Funding Source: KAKENBill & Melinda Gates Foundation
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